श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता (नेपाली टीकासहित, दाेस्राे संस्करण)

 

..ç >L u0f]zfo gdM ..

..>L k/dfTdg] gdM ..

>Ldb\eujb\uLtf

-g]kfnLdf 6Lsf;lxt_

 

6Lsfsf/

lbg]z kf}8]n

O6x/L–$, ;'g;/L

k|sflzsf

/Tgdfof kf}8]n

-6Lsfsf/sL dftf_

 

 

s[lt M >Ldb\eujb\uLtf -g]kfnLdf cy{;lxt_

s[ltsf/ M >Lj]bJof;

g]kfnLdf 6Lsfsf/ M lbg]z kf}8]n

7]ufgf M gf/fo0fuf]kfn6f]n, O6x/L–$ -g]kfn_

kmf]g M (*$@!&*)*)

Od]n M dineshpoudelitahari@gmail.com

k|sflzsf M /Tgdfof kf}8]n

;+:s/0f M k|yd, @)&* -!,%)) k|lt_

d'b|0f M efujt lk|G6;{ -5fkfvfgf_

lj/f6gu/–&

kmf]g g+= )@!–%@%$&$

Od]n M bhagawatpress@gmail.com

d"No M ?= !)).—

;jf{lwsf/ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . bfgbftJo, lgMz'Ns ljt/0f jf k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu k|sfzg cg'dlt lgMz'Ns ldNg ;Sg]5, lnlvt jf Od]n cg'dlt lng'xf]nf . pQm k|of]hgfy{ o;sf] 6fOk k|lt -soft copy_ Go"gtd d"Nodf kfOg]5 .

____________________________________

SHRIMADBHAGAVADGITA by Vedavyasa

(With Commentaries in Nepali by Dinesh Poudel)

Printed and Published in Nepal (2078 B.S.)

 

 

e"ldsf

cfh;Dddf ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/ ;x/af6 dfq cg]s ;+:s/0fdf u/]/ o; u|Gysf Ps s/f]8eGbf a9L k|lt 5flkPsf 5g\ cGoqaf6 k|sflzt ePsfsf] s'/} 5f8f}F . of] s[lt ljàsf nueu ;a} d'Vo efiffdf cg'jfb eO{ k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnLdf klg >Ldb\eujb\uLtfsf cg}sf}F ;+:s/0f / cg'jfbx¿ 5flkPsf 5g\ . t}klg cem} 3/3/df o; kljq u|Gysf] kx'Fr 5}g . gofF k':tfn] ;xh} kqmg ;Sg] ;/n efiffdf tof/ u/L x/]s 3/df of] cd"No u|Gy k'¥ofpg' h?/L 5 .

k|sfzssf] p2]Zo, cg'jfbssf] Ifdtf tyf em'sfj cflbn] klg efjfy{df yf]/ax't km/s kl/xfNbf] /x]5 . cg]s ;Dk|bfosf cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf JofVof klg 5g\ . tL ;a} b[l¨sf]0faf6 cnu /x]/ o; s[ltsf] cg'jfbsfo{ ug{] sf]l;; ePsf] 5 . x/]s Znf]ssf ;ª\lIfKt l6Kk0fL, JofVof jf yk efjfy{ lbg ;s]sf] eP cem k"0f{ sfo{ x'g] lyof] . t/ o;f] ugf{n] k':ts df]6f] eO{ o; lsl;dsf k':tssf gofF kf7sn] l5rf]Ng sl7g kg{] b]lvof] .

xh'/sf] xftdf ePsf] o; kljq u|Gydf cfw'lgs lxHh] k|of]u u/L gofF k':tfsf nflu ;d]t af]wuDo agfpg sf]l;; ePsf] 5 . k|fljlws zAbx¿ a'emfpg w]/} 7fpFdf sf]©leq cy{;d]t lbOPsf] 5 . ;s];Dd q'l6 gl5¿g\ eg]/ k6sk6s x]g{] sf]l;; ePsf] 5 . q'l6 l5/]sf e]l6P cg'jfbsnfO{ Od]n ul/lbg'ePdf csf{] ;+:s/0fdf ;Rofpg ;xh x'g]5 .

>Lj]bJof;sf] cd/ dxfsfJosf] c+z¿k >LuLtfsf] dxŒj atfpg] ;fdYo{ ddf 5}g . uLtf xfd|f] hLjgsf] cfWoflTds uLt xf] . ;'vdf uLtf ufcf}F, b'Mvdf uLtf ufcf}F, hLtdf uLtf ufcf}F, xf/df uLtf ufcf}F, ;kmntfdf / c;kmntfdf klg uLtf ufcf}F . uLtfsf] lgoldt k7g u/f}F, / cd"No ;'vzflGt sdfcf}F . uLtf u|GynfO{ 3/df ;a}n] ;lhn} e]6\g] 7fpFdf /fvf}F . >Lj]bJof;hLs} zAbdf–

uLtf ;'uLtf st{Jof lsdGo}M zf:qlj:t/}M .

of :jo+ kßgfe:o d'vkßflålgM;[tf ..

cyf{t\ uLtfhLnfO{ /fd|/L k9]/ cy{ / efj;lxt dgdf lng' d'Vo st{Jo xf], of] t :jod\ >Llji0f'sf d'vkßaf6 lgM;[t ePsf] xf], c¿ zf:qx¿sf] ulx/f] cWoogdf lsg cndlnO/xg] / <

lbg]z kf}8]n

-@)&* h]7, O6x/L_

 

 

k|sfzsLo

ljàdf ;a}eGbf a9L kl9g] u|GydWo] >Ldb\eujb\uLtf Ps xf] . ljàdf n]vk9 ul/g] nueu ;a efiffdf of] cg'jfb eO{ k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . k|frLg ;+;f/sf] P]ltxfl;s dxfsfJo dxfef/tsf] Ps efu xf] of] . cfheGbf nueu %,))) jif{cl3 eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] cfkm\gf ldq ch'{gnfO{ ug'{ePsf] pkb]z xf] >Ldb\eujb\uLtf . pxfFx¿ b'O{sf] of] jftf{nfk dfgj Oltxf;sf] Pp6f dxfgtd bfz{lgs tyf wfld{s jftf{ t x'Fb} xf], ;"rgf–k|ljlwsf] o; o'usf] hLjgdf klg x'ax' nfu" x'G5g\ >Ls[i0fsf sfnhoL oL k|To]s jrg .

xfdLn] a'em]sf] rflxF s] xf] eg] k/d]à/ :jod\sf d'vf/ljGbaf6 lgM;[t jfSox¿ x'g\ oL . uLtf dfgj–hLjgsf nflu cd[t xf] . ;fdfGo d]xgt ug{] xf] eg] h;n] klg uLtf;f/ kj|mg ;S5 . o;sf] efiff clt ;/n eO{sg klg cf]h:jL 5, t/ o;nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf a'em\g / cYof{pg t a8]a8] ;fwsx¿;d]t c;kmn 5g\ . of] ;"lQmdo u|Gy hlt k9Øf] plt u"9 /x:on] el/Psf] / gjLg nfU5, plt lk|o / >'ltdw'/ nfU5 . k/d]à/sf ;To–jrgx¿ 5g\ oxfF, lognfO{ zAbdf s;/L aofg u/]/ ;lsG5 / . >Ldb\eujb\uLtf t ;d:t j]b, k'/f0f / bz{gsf] ;f/ xf], k'vf{n] 5f8L uPsf] w/f]x/ xf], xfdL ;gftg–wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] uf}/j xf] .

oxfFsf] xftdf h'g k':ts 5, o;df g]kfnLdf ;/n cg'jfb u/L j]b, dLdf+;f / cWofTdbz{g k6Ss} gk9]sf clg ;+:s[t efiff klg ga'em\g] ;fdfGo kf7ssf nflu ;d]t uLtfsfJo ;xh / ;'af]w kfg{] sf]l;; u/]sf 5g\ cg'jfbsn] . ;j{;fwf/0fn] klg lsg]/ k9\g ;s"g\, lsg]/ 3/–3/df /fv"g\, cfkm"n] lsg]sf] k':tssf] k"hf ug{ kfpmg\, h;n] klg cfkmGt, ;fyLefOnfO{ hGdlbgsf] v';Ldf pkxf/ lbg ;s"g\ eÙ] dg;fon] o;sf] d"No ;s];Dd sd /flvPsf] xf] .

uLtfzf:q k|ltlbg k9f}F / cflTds nfe p7fcf}F .

—k|sflzsf

 

 

Tjd]j dftf r lktf Tjd]j

Tjd]j aGw'á ;vf Tjd]j .

Tjd]j ljBf b|lj0f+ Tjd]j

Tjd]j ;j{+ dd b]jb]j ..

)) )

 

cy Wofgd\

zfGtfsf/+ e'huzog+ kßgfe+ ;'/]zd\ .

ljàfwf/+ uug;b[z+ d]3j0f{+ z'efÍd\ .

nIdLsfGt+ sdngog+ of]luleWof{guDod\ .

jGb] lji0f'+ ejeox/+ ;j{nf]s}sgfyd\ .

cy{ M h;sf] cfs[lt cltzo zfGt 5, h;n] z]ifgfusf] zøofdf zog ug'{ePsf] 5, h;sf] gfledf sdn 5, hf] b]jtfx¿sf klg O{à/ / ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf cfwf/ x'g'x'G5, hf] cfsfzsf ;dfg ;j{q JofKt x'g'x'G5, ;]tf] afbnsf ;dfg h;sf] /ª 5, h;sf ;d:t cÍx¿ cltzo ;'Gb/ 5g\, hf] of]uLx¿åf/f Wofg u/]/ k|fKt x'g'x'G5, hf] ;Dk"0f{ nf]ssf :jfdL x'g'x'G5, h;n] hGd–d/0f¿kL eosf] gfz ug'{x'G5 o:tf nIdLklt, sdng]q eujfg\ >Llji0f'nfO{ d k|0ffd ub{5' .

o+ a|éf j?0f]Gb|?b|d?tM :t'GjlGt lbJo}M :tj}–

j]{b}M ;fÍkbj|mdf]klgifb}uf{olGt o+ ;fdufM .

Wofgfjl:yttb\ut]g dg;f kZolGt o+ of]lugf]–

o:ofGt+ g ljb'M ;'/f;'/u0ff b]jfo t:d} gdM ..

cy{ M a|éf, j?0f, OGb|, ?b| / d?b\u0f lbJo :tf]qx¿åf/f h;sf] :t'lt ub{5g\, ;fdj]b ufpg]x¿ cÍ, kb, j|md / pklgifb\x¿;lxt j]bx¿åf/f h;sf] ufg ub{5g\, of]uLhgx¿ Wofgdf l:yt tb\ut eO{ dgn] h;sf] bz{g ub{5g\, b]jtf jf c;'/u0f -s;}n] klg_ h;sf] cGTo hfGb}gg\, tL -k/dk'?if gf/fo0f_ b]jnfO{ d]/f] gd:sf/ 5 .

j;'b]j;'t+ b]j+ s+;rf0f"/db{gd\ .

b]jsLk/dfgGb+ s[i0f+ jGb] hub\u'?d\ ..

cy{ M s+; / rf0f"/sf] jw ug'{x'g], b]jsLsf cfgGbj4{g, j;'b]jgGbg, hub\u'? >Ls[i0frGb|sf] d jGbgf ub{5' .

)))

 

 

..ç >L k/dfTdg] gdM ..

cy >Ldb\eujb\uLtfdfxfTDod\

uLtfzf:qldb+ k'0o+ oM k7]Tk|otM k'dfg\ .

lji0ff]M kbdjfKgf]lt eozf]sflbjlh{tM ..!..

cy{ M hf] dg'ion] z'4lrQ eP/ k|]dk"j{s o; kljq uLtfzf:qsf] kf7 ub{5, p;n] eo / zf]s cflbaf6 /lxt eP/ lji0f'wfd k|fKt ub{5 ..!..

uLtfWoogzLn:o k|f0ffofdk/:o r .

g}j ;lGt lx kfkflg k"j{hGds[tflg r ..@..

cy{ M hf] dg'io ;bf uLtf kf7 ub{5, tyf k|f0ffofdx¿df tTk/ /xg] u5{, p;sf o; hGd / k"j{hGddf u/]sf ;d:t kfk lgM;Gb]x g¨ eP/ hfG5g\ ..@..

dnlgdf]{rg+ k'+;f+ hn:gfg+ lbg] lbg] .

;s[b\uLtfDel; :gfg+ ;+;f/dngfzgd\ ..#..

cy{ M hndf k|ltlbg ul/Psf :gfgn] dg'iosf s]jn zf/Ll/s dnsf] gfz ub{5g\, k/Gt' uLtf1fg¿k hndf Ps}kN6 dfq klg ul/Psf] :gfgn] ;+;f/–dnnfO{ g¨ ul/lbg]5g\ ..#..

uLtf ;'uLtf st{Jof lsdGo}M zf:qlj:t/}M .

of :jo+ kßgfe:o d'vkßflålgM;[tf ..$..

cy{ M hf] ;fIfft\ sdngfe eujfg\ lji0f'sf d'vsdnaf6 k|s6 ePsf] 5, To; uLtfs} elnefFtL ufg -cy{;lxt :jfWofo_ ug'{kb{5, cGo zf:qx¿sf] lj:tf/sf] s] k|of]hg 5 / ..$..

ef/tfd[t;j{:j+ lji0ff]j{SqflålgM;[td\ .

uLtfuÍf]bs+ kLTjf k'gh{Gd g ljBt] ..%..

cy{ M hf] dxfef/tsf] cd[tf]kd ;f/ xf], tyf hf] eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf d'vaf6 k|s6 ePsf] xf], To; uLtf¿k uÍfhnnfO{ lkPkl5 k'gM o; ;+;f/df hGd lng'kg]{ 5}g ..%..

;jf]{klgifbf] ufjf] bf]Uwf uf]kfngGbgM .

kfyf]{ jT;M ;'wLef]{Qmf b'Uw+ uLtfd[t+ dxt\ ..^..

cy{ M ;Dk"0f{ pklgifb\x¿ ufO{sf ;dfg 5g\, uf]kfngGbg >Ls[i0f b'x'g]jfnf x'g'x'G5, ch'{g af5f] x'g'x'G5 tyf dxfg\ uLtfd[t g} To; ufO{sf] b"w xf] clg z'4 a'l4 ePsf] >]© dg'io g} o;sf] ef]Qmf xf] ..^..

Ps+ zf:q+ b]jsLk'quLtd]sf] b]jf] b]jsLk'q Pj .

Psf] dGq:t:o gfdflg oflg sdf{Ko]s+ t:o b]j:o ;]jf ..&..

cy{ M b]jsLgGbg eujfg\ >Ls[i0fåf/f elgPsf] uLtfzf:q g} Psdfq pQd zf:q xf], eujfg\ b]jsLgGbg g} Psdfq dxfg\ b]jtf x'g'x'G5, pxfFsf] gfd g} Psdfq dGq xf] clg pg} eujfg\sf] ;]jf g} Psdfq st{Jo sd{ xf] .

)))

 

 

 

ç

..>L k/dfTdg] gdM ..

>Ldb\eujb\uLtf

-g]kfnLdf cy{;lxt_

 

ç

cy k|ydf]›WofoM ..!..

w[t/f¨« pjfr

wd{If]q] s'?If]q] ;dj]tf o'o'T;jM .

dfdsfM kf08jfá}j lsds'j{t ;~ho ..!..

w[t/f¨«n] eg]– x] ;~ho ¤ wd{e"ld s'?If]qdf Pslqt, o'4 ug{ OR5's ePsf d]/f / kf08'sf k'qx¿n] s] u/] < ..!..

;~ho pjfr

b[¨\jf t' kf08jfgLs+ Jo"9+ b'of]{wg:tbf

cfrfo{d'k;ÍDo /fhf jrgda|jLt\ ..@..

;~hon] eg]– Toltv]/ /fhf b'of{]wgn] Jo"x/rgfo'Qm kf08jx¿sf] ;]gfnfO{ b]v]/ b|f]0ffrfo{sf ;dLkdf uP/ of] jrg af]n] ..@..

kZo}tf+ kf08'k'qf0ffdfrfo{ dxtL+ rd"d\ .

Jo"9f+ b|'kbk'q]0f tj lzio]0f wLdtf ..#..

x] cfrfo{ ¤ xh'/sf a'l4dfg\ lzio b|'kbk'q w[¨B'Dgåf/f Jo"xfsf/ v8f ul/Psf] kf08'k'qx¿sf] o; cToGt ljzfn ;]gfnfO{ x]g'{xf];\\ ..#..

cq z"/f dx]ijf;f eLdfh'{g;df o'lw .

o'o'wfgf] lj/f6á b|'kbá dxf/yM ..$..

w[¨s]t'á]lstfgM sflz/fhá jLo{jfg\ .

k'?lhTs'lGtef]há z}Aoá g/k'ÍjM ..%..

o'wfdGo'á ljj|mfGt pQdf}hfá jLo{jfg\ .

;f}eb|f] b|f}kb]ofá ;j{ Pj dxf/yfM ..^..

o; ;]gfdf 7"nf7"nf wg'wf{/L tyf o'4df ch'{g / eLdsf ;dfg z"/jL/ ;fTols clg lj/f6 tyf dxf/yL /fhf b|'kb, w[¨s]t' / r]lstfg tyf anjfg\ sflz/fh, k'?lht\, s'lGtef]h Pjd\ dg'iox¿df >]© z}Ao, k/fj|mdL o'wfdGo' clg anjfg\ pQdf}hf, ;'eb|fk'q cledGo' Pjd\ b|f}kbLsf kfFr k'q– oL ;a} dxf/yLx¿ x'g\ ..$–^..

c:dfs+ t' ljlz¨f o] tflÙaf]w låhf]Qd .

gfosf dd ;}Go:o ;H1fy{+ tfg\ a|jLld t] ..&..

x] a|fé0f>]© ¤ cfkm\gf] kIfdf klg hf] k|wfg 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] af/]df klg xh'/n] yfxf kfpg'xf];\ . xh'/sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu d]/f] ;]gfdf hf]–hf] ;]gfklt 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] af/]df klg atfpFb5' ..*..

ejfg\ eLidá s0f{á s[ká ;ldlt~hoM .

càTyfdf ljs0f{á ;f}dblQ:ty}j r ..*..

xh'/– b|f]0ffrfo{ Pjd\ eLidlktfdx tyf s0f{ clg ;ª\u|fdljhoL s[kfrfo{ tyf To:t} càTyfdf, ljs0f{ / ;f]dbQsf k'q e"l/>jf ..*..

cGo] r axjM z"/f dby]{ ToQmhLljtfM .

gfgfz:qk|x/0ffM ;j]{ o'4ljzf/bfM ..(..

c¿ klg d]/f nflu hLjgsf] cfzf Tofu ug{ tTk/ cg]s z"/jL/ cg]s k|sf/sf z:qf:qn] ;';lHht clg ;a} Ps;] Ps o'4df rt'/ 5g\ ..(..

ckof{Kt+ tb:dfs+ an+ eLidfle/lIftd\ .

kof{Kt+ lTjbd]t]iff+ an+ eLdfle/lIftd\ ..!)..

eLidlktfdxåf/f /lIft xfd|f] of] ;]gf ;a} k|sf/n] ch]o 5, clg eLdåf/f /lIft ltgLx¿sf] Tof] ;]gf lhTgdf ;'ud 5 ..!)..

cog]if' r ;j]{if' oyfefudjl:ytfM .

eLidd]jfle/IfGt' ejGtM ;j{ Pj lx ..!!..

o;sf/0f ;a} df]rf{x¿df cfkm\gf]–cfkm\gf] :yfgdf 86]/ xh'/x¿ ;a}hgfn] lgM;Gb]xk"j{s ;a}lt/af6 eLidlktfdxsf] /Iff ug'{xf];\ ..!!..

t:o ;~hgog\ xif{+ s'?j[4M lktfdxM .

l;+xgfb+ ljgBf]Rr}M zÌ+ bWdf} k|tfkjfg\ ..!@..

sf}/jx¿dWo]sf j[4 a8f k|tfkL eLidn] b'of]{wgsf] Xbodf xif{ pTkÙ ub}{ pRr :j/df l;+xsf] uh{g;dfg uh{]/ zª\v ahfP ..!@..

ttM zÌfá e]o{á k0fjfgsuf]d'vfM .

;x;}jfEoxGoGt ; zAb:t'd'nf]›ejt\ ..!#..

o;kl5 zª\v, gu/f tyf 9f]n, d[bÍ / g/l;+xf cflb afhf Ps;fy ah] . ltgsf] Tof] zAb Psbd eoË/ eof] ..!#..

ttM à]t}x{o}o'{Qm] dxlt :oGbg] l:ytf} .

dfwjM kf08já}j lbJof} zÌf} k|bWdt'M ..!$..

o;kl5 ;]tf 3f]8fx¿n] o'Qm ePsf] pQd /ydf a:g'ePsf >Ls[i0f dxf/fh / ch'{gn] klg cnf}lss zª\v ahfP .

kf~rhGo+ XifLs]zf] b]jbQ+ wg~hoM .

kf}08«+ bWdf} dxfzÌ+ eLdsdf{ j[sf]b/M ..!%..

>Ls[i0f dxf/fhn] kf~rhGo gfds, ch'{gn] b]jbQ gfds / eofgs sd{ ug]{ ePsf eLd;]gn] kf}08« gfds zª\v ahfP ..!%..

cgGtljho+ /fhf s'GtLk'qf] o'lwl©/M .

gs'nM ;xb]já ;'3f]ifdl0fk'iksf} ..!^..

s'lGtk'q /fhf o'lwl©/n] cgGtljho gfds clg gs'n tyf ;xb]jn] ;'3f]if / dl0fk'iks gfdsf zª\v ahfP ..!^..

sfZoá k/d]ijf;M lzv08L r dxf/yM .

w[¨B'Dgf] lj/f6á ;fTolsáfk/flhtM ..!&..

b'|kbf] b|f}kb]ofá ;j{zM k[lyjLkt] .

;f}eb|á dxfafx'M zª\vfGbWd'M k[ys\ k[ys\ ..!*..

>]© wg'if lnPsf sflz/fh / dxf/yL lzv08L Pjd\ w[¨B'Dg tyf /fhf lj/f6 / ch]o ;fTols, /fhf b|'kb Pjd\ b|f}kbLsf kfFr} k'q clg ljzfn e'hf ePsf ;'eb|fk'q cledGo'– oL ;a}n] x] /fhg\ ¤ ;a}lt/af6 cnu–cnu zª\v ahfP ..!&–!*..

; 3f]iff] wft{/f¨«f0ff+ Xboflg Jobf/ot\ .

geá k[lyjL+ r}j t'd'nf] Jog'gfbog\ ..!(..

clg zª\vx¿sf] eofgs zAbn] cfsfz / k[YjLnfO{ ;d]t u'~hfodfg ub}{ wft{/f¨«x¿sf] cyf{t\ xh'/sf] kIfsfx¿sf] Xbo ljbL0f{ ul/lbP .

cy Jojl:ytfGb[¨\jf wft{/f¨«fg\ slkWjhM .

k|j[Q] z:q;Dkft] wg'?BDo kf08jM ..@)..

XifLs]z+ tbf jfSoldbdfx dxLkt] .

ch'{g pjfr

;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] /y+ :yfko d]›Ro't ..@!..

x] /fhg\ ¤ o;kl5 slkWjh ch'{gn] df]rf{ afFw]/ 86]sf w[t/f¨«sf ;DaGwLx¿nfO{ b]v]/, z:q rNg] tof/Lsf] To; ;dodf wg'if p7fP/ XifLs]z >Ls[i0f dxf/fh;Fu oL jrg eg]– x] cRo't ¤ d]/f] /ynfO{ oL b'j} ;]gfx¿sf] aLrdf v8f ul/lbg'xf];\ ..@)–@!..

ofjb]tflÙ/LIf]›x+ of]4'sfdfgjl:ytfg\ .

s}d{of ;x of]4Jodl:dG/0f;d'Bd] ..@@..

ha;Dd o; o'4¿k Jofkf/df d}n] s;–s;sf ;fydf o'4 ug{ of]Uo 5 eg]/ o'4If]qdf 86]/ /x]sf o'4sf clenfifL oL ljkIfL of]4fx¿nfO{ elnefFtL x]b{5', ta;Dd o;nfO{ v8f /flv/xg'xf];\ ..@@..

of]T:odfgfgj]If]›x+ o Pt]›q;dfutfM .

wft{/f¨«:o b'a'{4]o'{4] lk|olrsLif{jM ..@#..

b'a'{l4 b'of{]wgsf] o'4df lxt rfxg] ePsf hf]–hf] /fhfx¿ To; ;]gfdf cfPsf 5g\, o'4 ug{ tof/ ePsf tL ;a}nfO{ d x]g{ rfxG5' ..@#..

;~ho pjfr

Pjd'Qmf] XifLs]zf] u'8fs]z]g ef/t .

;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] :yfkloTjf /yf]Qdd\ ..@$..

eLidb|f]0fk|d'vtM ;j]{iff+ r dxLlIftfd\ .

pjfr kfy{ kZo}tfG;dj]tfGs'¿lglt ..@%..

;~hon] eg]– x] w[t/f¨« ¤ ch'{gåf/f o;k|sf/ elgPkl5 dxf/fh >Ls[i0frGb|n] b'j} ;]gfx¿sf] aLrdf eLid / b|f]0ffrfo{sf ;fd' tyf ;Dk"0f{ /fhfx¿sf ;fd' pQd /ynfO{ v8f u/]/ o;k|sf/ eÙ'eof]– x] kfy{ ¤ o'4sf nflu h'6]/ tDtof/ ePsf oL sf}/jx¿nfO{ x]/ ..@$–@%..

tqfkZolT:ytfg\ kfy{M lktúgy lktfdxfg\ .

cfrfof{Gdft'nfGe|ft[Gk'qfGkf}qfG;vL+:tyf ..@^..

àz'/fG;'Xbá}j ;]gof]?eof]/lk .

o;kl5 k[yfk'q ch'{gn] tL b'j} ;]gfx¿df l:yt sfsf–a8fafx¿, afh]–a/fh'x¿, u'?x¿, dfdfx¿, efOx¿, k'qx¿, gfltx¿ tyf ldqx¿, ;;'/fx¿, lxt}ifLx¿nfO{ klg b]v] ..@^ / @& sf] k"jf{w{ ..

tfG;dLIo ; sf}Gt]oM ;jf{GaGw"gjl:ytfg\ ..@&..

s[kof k/oflj¨f] ljifLblÙbda|jLt\ .

tL pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ aGw'x¿nfO{ b]v]/ oL s'GtLk'q ch'{g Psbd s?0ffn]  o'Qm eP/ zf]s ub{} oL jrg af]n] ..@& sf] pQ/fw{ / @* sf] k"jfw{ ..

ch'{g pjfr

b[\¨\j]d+ :jhg+ s[i0f o'o'T;'+ ;d'kl:yt+ ..@*..

;LblGt dd ufqfl0f d'v+ r kl/z'iolt .

j]ky'á z/L/] d] /f]dxif{á hfot] ..@(..

x] s[i0f ¤ o'4If]qdf 86]/ /x]sf o'4sf clenfifL oL :jhg;d'bfonfO{ b]v]/ d]/f cÍ–cÍ lzlyn eP/ uO/x]sf 5g\ clg d'v ;'ls/x]sf] 5 tyf d]/f] z/L/df sDkg / /f]df~r eO/x]sf] 5 .. @* sf] pQ/fw{ / @(..

uf08Lj+ ;|+;t] x:tfŒjSr}j kl/bèt] .

g r zSgf]Doj:yft'+ e|dtLj r d] dgM ..#)..

xftaf6 uf08Lj wg' vl;/x]sf] 5 / d]/f] 5fnf klg Psbd kf]ln/x]sf] 5 tyf d]/f] dg e|ldth:t} eO/x]sf] 5, o;sf/0f d v8f pleO/xg klg ;dy{ eO/x]sf] 5}gF ..#)..

lgldQflg r kZofld ljk/Ltflg s]zj .

g r >]of]›g'kZofld xTjf :jhgdfxj] ..#!..

x] s]zj ¤ d nIf0fx¿ klg ljk/Lt g} b]lv/x]sf] 5' tyf o'4df :jhg;d'bfonfO{ df/]/ sNof0f xf]nf eÙ] klg b]lVtgF ..#!..

g sfª\If] ljho+ s[i0f g r /fHo+ ;'vflg r .

ls+ gf] /fHo]g uf]ljGb ls+ ef]u}hL{ljt]g jf ..#@..

x] s[i0f ¤ d g ljho rfxG5' g t /fHo of ;'vs} . x] uf]ljGb ¤ d]/f nflu o:tf] /fHosf] s] k|of]hg 5 cyjf o:tf ef]ux¿af6 clg hLjgaf6 klg s] nfe 5 / < ..#@..

o]iffdy]{ sfª\lIft+ gf] /fHo+ ef]ufM ;'vflg r .

t Od]›jl:ytf o'4] k|f0ff+:ToSTjf wgflg r ..##..

dnfO{ h;sf nflu /fHo, ef]u clg ;'vflbsf] cfsfª\Iff 5, ltgLx¿ g} oL ;a wg clg hLjgsf] cfzf Tofu]/ o'4df v8f 5g\ ..##..

cfrfof{M lkt/M k'qf:ty}j r lktfdxfM .

dft'nfM àz'/fM kf}qfM ZofnfM ;DalGwg:tyf ..#$..

u'?hg, sfsf–a8fafx¿, 5f]/fx¿ / o;} u/L xh'/afx¿, dfdfx¿, ;;'/f, gfltx¿, ;fnfx¿ / c¿ klg :jhgx¿ 5g\ ..#$..

PtfÙ xGt'ldR5fld £gtf]›lk dw';"bg .

clk q}nf]So/fHo:o x]tf]M ls+ g' dxLs[t] ..#%..

x] dw';"bg ¤ dnfO{ logn] df/] klg cyjf tLg} nf]ssf /fHo kfpg] eP klg d lognfO{ dfg{ rfxÙF, o;f] ePsfn] k[YjLsf nflu t s] s'/f ef] / ¤ ..#%..

lgxTo wft{/f¨«fÙM sf k|LltM :ofHhgfb{g .

kfkd]jf>o]b:dfg\ xTj}tfgfttflogM ..#^..

x] hgfb{g ¤ w[t/f¨«sf k'qx¿sf] xTof u/]/ xfdLnfO{ s] k|;Ùtf xf]nf < oL cfttfoLx¿nfO{ dfbf{ t xfdLnfO{ kfk g} nfUnf ..#^..

t:dfÙfxf{ jo+ xGt'+ wft{/f¨«fG:jafGwjfg\ .

:jhg+ lx sy+ xTjf ;'lvgM :ofd dfwj ..#&..

ctPj x] dfwj ¤ cfkm\g} afGwj w[t/f¨«sf k'qx¿nfO{ dfg{sf nflu xfdL of]Uo 5}gf}F, lsgeg] cfkm\g} s'6'Dax¿nfO{ df/]/ xfdL s;/L ;'vL agf}Fnf / <..#&..

oBKo]t] g kZolGt nf]ef]kxtr]t;M .

s'nIfos[t+ bf]if+ ldqb|f]x] r kftsd\ ..#*..

sy+ g 1]od:dfleM kfkfb:dflÙjlt{t'd\ .

s'nIfos[t+ bf]if+ k|kZob\leh{gfb{g ..#(..

nf]en] e|¨lrQ ePsf logLx¿ s'nsf] gfzaf6 pTkÙ bf]ifnfO{ / ldqx¿;Fu lj/f]w ug{df kfk b]Vt}gg\, t}klg x] hgfb{g ¤ s'nsf] gfzaf6 pTkÙ bf]ifnfO{ a'em\g] ePsf xfdLn] o; kfkaf6 x6\gsf nflu lsg ljrf/ gug{] <..#*–#(..

s'nIfo] k|0fZolGt s'nwdf{M ;gftgfM .

wd]{ g¨] s'n+ s[T:gdwdf]{›leejTo't ..$)..

s'nsf] gfzaf6 ;gftg s'nwd{ g¨ x'G5, wd{sf] gfz ePkl5 ;Dk"0f{ s'ndf kfk klg Psbd} km}lnP/ hfG5 ..$)..

cwdf{leejfTs[i0f k|b'iolGt s'nl:qoM .

:qLif' b'¨f;' jfi0f]{o hfot] j0f{;Ë/M ..$!..

x] s[i0f ¤ kfk clws a9]/ uof] eg] s'nsf :qLx¿ cToGt b"lift eP/ hfG5g\ clg x] jfi0f]{o ¤ :qLx¿ b"lift eP/ uPdf j0f{;Ë/ pTkÙ x'G5g\ ..$!..

;Ë/f] g/sfo}j s'n£gfgf+ s'n:o r .

ktlGt lkt/f] è]iff+ n'Ktlk08f]bslj|mofM ..$@..

j0f{;Ë/x¿ s'n3ftLx¿nfO{ / s'n}nfO{ ;d]t g/sdf n}hfgsf nflu g} hGdG5g\ . lk08f]bslj|mof cyf{t\ >f4 / tk{0f cflb lj|mofaf6 jl~rt logsf lkt[u0f klg cwf]ultdf kg{ hfG5g\ ..$@..

bf]if}/]t}M s'n£gfgf+ j0f{;Ë/sf/s}M .

pT;fBGt] hfltwdf{M s'nwdf{á zfàtfM ..$#..

oL j0f{;Ë/sf/s bf]ifx¿af6 s'n3ftLx¿sf ;gftg s'nwd{ tyf hfltwd{ g¨ x'G5g\ ..$#..

pT;Ùs'nwdf{0ff+ dg'iof0ff+ hgfb{g .

g/s]›lgot+ jf;f] ejtLTog'z'>'d ..$$..

x] hgfb{g ¤ h;sf] s'nwd{ g¨ ePsf] 5, To:tf dg'iosf] clglZrt sfn;Dd g/sdf jf; x'G5, o:tf] xfdLn] ;'Gb} cfPsf 5f}F ..$$..

cxf] at dxTkfk+ st'{+ Jojl;tf jod\ .

ob|fHo;'vnf]e]g xGt'+ :jhgd'BtfM ..$%..

xf ¤ zf]s ¤ xfdL a'l4dfg\ eP/ klg dxfkfk ug{sf nflu tof/ ePsf 5f}F, /fHo / ;'vsf] nf]en] :jhgx¿nfO{ dfg{sf nflu pBt ePsf 5f}F ..$%..

olb dfdk|tLsf/dz:q+ z:qkf0foM .

wft{/f¨«f /0f] xGo':tGd] If]dt/+ ej]t\ ..$^..

olb d z:q/lxt Pjd\ ;fdgf ug{ clgR5's ePsf] a]nfdf klg z:q xftdf lnPsf w[t/f¨«sf k'qx¿n] /0fdf df/] eg] Tof] d/0f klg d]/f nflu clws sNof0fsf/L x'g]5 ..$^..

;~ho pjfrM

Pjd'STjfh'{gM ;ª\Vo] /yf]k:y pkfljzt\ .

lj;[Ho ;z/+ rfk+ zf]s;+ljUgdfg;M ..$&..

;~hon] eg]– /0fe"lddf zf]sn] plåUg–dg ePsf ch'{g o;k|sf/ af]n]/ af0f;lxt wg'if Tofu]/ /ysf] kl5Nnf] efudf a;] ..$&..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb]›h'{gljiffbof]uf] gfd k|ydf]›WofoM ..!..

)))

 

 

ç

cy låtLof]›WofoM ..@..

;~ho pjfr

t+ tyf s[koflj¨d>'k"0ff{s'n]If0fd\ .

ljifLbGtldb+ jfSod'jfr dw';"bgM ..!..

;~hon] eg]– To;k|sf/ s?0ffn] JofKt clg cfF;'n] k"0f{ tyf Jofs'n g]q ePsf zf]sdUg tL ch'{gsf lgldQ eujfg\ dw';"bgn] oL jrg eÙ'eof] ..!..

>Leujfg'jfr

s't:Tjf sZdnldb+ ljifd] ;d'kl:ytd\ .

cgfo{h'¨d:jUo{dsLlt{s/dh'{g ..@..

eujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g ¤ ltdLnfO{ o; c;dodf of] df]x s'g sf/0fn] k|fKt eof] < lsgls g t of] >]© k'?ifx¿åf/f cfrl/t 5, g :ju{ k|fKt u/fpg] lsl;dsf] 5, clg g t sLlt{ g} a9fpg] vfnsf] 5 ..@..

Sn}Ao+ df :d udM kfy{ g}tŒjøo'kkBt] .

If'b|+ Xbobf}a{No+ ToSTjf]lQ© k/Gtk ..#..

o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ gk'+;s gxf]pm, ltdLnfO{ of] plrt x'Fb}g . x] k/Gtk ¤ Xbosf] t'R5 b'a{ntfnfO{ Tofu]/ o'4sf nflu v8f xf]pm ..#..

ch'{g pjfr

sy+ eLiddx+ ;ª\Vo] b|f]0f+ r dw';"bg .

Oif'leM k|ltof]T:ofld k"hfxf{jl/;"bg ..$..

ch{'gn] eg]– x] dw';"bg ¤ d /0fe"lddf s;/L af0f lnP/ eLidlktfdx / b|f]0ffrfo{sf lj?4 n8"Fnf < lsgls x] cl/;"bg ¤ jxfFx¿ b'j} g} d]/f lgldQ clt k"hgLo x'g'x'G5 ..$..

u'¿gxTjf lx dxfg'efjf–

~5«]of] ef]Qm'+ e}IodkLx nf]s] .

xTjfy{sfdf+:t' u'¿lgx}j

e'~hLo ef]ufG?lw/k|lbUwfg\ ..%..

o;sf/0f oL dxfg'efj u'?hgx¿nfO{ dfg'{eGbf t a? d o; nf]sdf leIffsf] cÙ vfg'df klg sNof0f b]Vt5', lsgls nf}lss nfesf lgldQ pxfFx¿ nfUg'ePsf] eP klg pxfFx¿ d]/f u'?hg x'g'x'G5 . olb pxfFx¿ dfl/g'eof] eg] xfdLn] ef]Ug] x/]s j:t'df pxfFx¿sf] /ut d'l5Psf] x'g]5 ..%..

g r}tlåßM st/Ùf] u/Lof]–

oåf ho]d olb jf gf] ho]o'M .

ofg]j xTjf g lhhLljiffd–

:t]›jl:ytfM k|d'v] wft{/f¨«fM .. ^..

xfdLn] o'4 ug'{ plrt xf] of gug'{ plrt xf], oL b'O{dWo] s] ug'{ a]; xf], xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ lhTg] xf}F ls pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ lhTg] x'g\, of] klg xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . h;nfO{ df/]/ xfdL afFRg;Dd rfxÙf}F, pg} xfd|f cfTdLo w[t/f¨«sf k'q xfd|f lj?4 v8f 5g\ ..^..

sfk{0obf]iff]kxt:jefjM

k[R5fld Tjf+ wd{;Dd"9r]tfM .

oR5«]oM :oflÙlát+ a|"lx tGd]

lzio:t]›x+ zflw df+ Tjf+ k|kÙd\ ..&..

o;sf/0f sfo/tfsf] bf]ifaf6 cfxt x'g] :jefjsf] tyf wd{sf ljifodf df]lxtlrQ ePsf] d xh'/nfO{ ;f]Wb5'– h'g ;fwg lglZrt ¿kdf sNof0fsf/s 5, Tof] dnfO{ eÙ'xf];\ . d tkfO{Fsf] lzio x'F, o;sf/0f xh'/sf] z/0fdf k/]sf] dnfO{ lzIff lbg'xf];\ ..&..

g lx k|kZofld ddfkg'Bf–

BR5f]sd'R5f]if0fldlGb|of0ffd\ .

cjfKo e"dfj;kTgd[4+–

/fHo+ ;'/f0ffdlk rflwkTod\ ..*..

e"lddf lgis06s, wgwfGo;DkÙ /fHo / b]jtfx¿sf :jfdL aÙ kfPF eg] klg d s'g} pkfo b]lv/x]sf] 5}g, h;n] d]/f OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ;'sfpg] oL zf]sx¿nfO{ eufOlbpmg\ ..*..

;~ho pjfr

Pjd'STjf XifLs]z+ u'8fs]zM k/Gtk .

g of]T:o Olt uf]ljGbd'STjf t"i0fL+ ae"j x ..(..

;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ ¤ lgb|fnfO{ lhTg ;kmn ch'{gn] cGtof{dL >Ls[i0f dxf/fh;dIf o;k|sf/ eg] . pgL o;kl5 >Luf]ljGb eujfg\;dIf :k¨ efiffdf æd o'4 ulb{gFÆ eg]/ r'k nfu] ..(..

td'jfr XifLs]zM k|x;lÙj ef/t .

;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] ljifLbGtldb+ jrM ..!)..

x] e/tj+zL w[t/f¨« ¤ cGtof{dL >Ls[i0f dxf/fhn] b'j} ;]gfx¿sf aLrdf zf]s ul//x]sf tL ch'{gnfO{ xfF;]em}F u/]/ oL jrg eÙ'eof] ..!)..

>Leujfg'jfr

czf]RofgGjzf]r:Tj+ k|1fjfbf+á efif;] .

utf;"gutf;"+á gfg'zf]rlGt kl08tfM ..!!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g ¤ ltdL zf]s ug{sf nflu cof]Uo dg'iox¿sf nflu zf]s ub{} 5f} / kl08tx¿sf zAbx¿sf] gfd lnO/fv]sf 5f}, k/Gt' h;sf] k|f0f uO;s]sf] 5 ltgsf nflu / h;sf] k|f0f uPsf] 5}g ltgsf nflu klg kl08thg zf]s ub{}gg\ ..!!..

g Tj]jfx+ hft' gf;+ g Tj+ g]d] hgflwkfM .

g r}j g eljiofdM ;j]{ jodtM k/d\ ..!@..

d s'g} ;dodf lyOgF, ltdL lyPgf} cyjf oL /fhfx¿ lyPgg\ eÙ] ;To xf]Og, clg eljiosf lbgdf klg xfdL sf]xL g/xg] klg t xf]Og ..!@..

b]lxgf]›l:dGoyf b]x] sf}df/+ of}jg+ h/f .

tyf b]xfGt/k|flKtwL{/:tq g d'èlt ..!#..

h;/L hLjfTdfsf] o; b]xdf afnskgf, hjfgL clg j[4fj:yf cfpFb5, To;} u/L cGo z/L/sf] klg k|flKt x'G5 . To:tf] ljifodf wL/ k'?if df]lxt x'Fb}g ..!#..

dfqf:kzf{:t' sf}Gt]o zLtf]i0f;'vb'MvbfM .

cfudfkflogf]›lgTof:tf+l:tltIf:j ef/t ..!$..

x] s'GtLk'q ¤ hf8f]–udL{ / b'Mv–;'v lbg] OlGb|o / ljifosf ;+of]u t pTklQ–ljgfzzLn clg clgTo 5g\, o;sf/0f x] ef/t ¤ ltdLn] tL ;a} ;x" ..!$..

o+ lx g JoyoGTo]t] k'?if+ k'?ifif{e .

;db'Mv;'v+ wL/+ ;f]›d[tTjfo sNkt] ..!%..

x] k'?if>]© ¤ b'Mv–;'vnfO{ ;dfg 7fÙ] h'g wL/ k'?ifnfO{ oL OlGb|o / ljifox¿sf ;+of]un] Jofs'n ub{}gg\, ToxL k'?if df]Ifsf nflu of]Uo x'G5 ..!%..

gf;tf] ljBt] efjf] gfefjf] ljBt] ;tM .

peof]/lk b[¨f]›Gt:Tjgof]:tŒjblz{leM ..!^..

c;t\ j:t'sf] ;Qf g} x'Fb}g clg ;t\sf] cefj 5}g . o;k|sf/ oL b'j}sf tŒjx¿ tŒj1fgL k'?ifx¿n] b]v]sf 5g\ ..!^..

cljgflz t' tlål4 o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ .

ljgfzdJoo:of:o g sláTst{'dx{lt ..!&..

gfz/lxt 5 eg]/ ltdL To;nfO{ hfg, h;af6 of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ -b[Zoju{_ JofKt 5 . cljgfzLnfO{ ljgfz ug{df sf]xL klg ;dy{ 5}g ..!&..

cGtjGt Od] b]xf lgTo:of]QmfM z/Ll/0fM .

cgflzgf]›k|d]o:o t:dfB'Wo:j ef/t ..!*..

gfz/lxt, ck|d]o, lgTo:j¿k hLjfTdf a:g] oL ;a} z/L/ gfzjfg\ x'g\ elgPsf 5g\ . o;sf/0f x] e/tj+zL ch'{g  ¤ ltdL o'4 u/ ..!*..

o Pg+ j]lQ xGtf/+ oá}g+ dGot] xtd\ .

pef} tf} g ljhfgLtf] gfo+ xlGt g xGot] ..!(..

hf] o; hLjfTdfnfO{ dfg{ ;S5' eG5, tyf hf] hLjfTdfnfO{ d/]sf] eG7fG5, tL b'j}nfO{ yfxf 5}g, lsgls o; cfTdfn] jf:tjdf g t s;}nfO{ dfb{5, g s;}åf/f dfl/G5 g} ..!(..

g hfot] ld|ot] jf sbflr–

Ùfo+ e"Tjf eljtf jf g e"oM .

chf] lgToM zfàtf]›o+ k'/f0ff]–

g xGot] xGodfg] z/L/] ..@)..

cfTdf s'g} sfndf klg g t hGdG5, g t d5{ . g of] pTkÙ eP/ km]l/ hfUb5 . lsgeg] cfTdf chGdf, lgTo, ;gftg Pjd\ k'/ftg 5, z/L/ dfl/P klg cfTdf dfl/Fb}g ..@)..

j]bfljgflzg+ lgTo+ o PgdhdJood\ .

sy+ ; k'?ifM kfy{ s+ 3ftolt xlGt sd\ ..@!..

x] k[yfk'q ch'{g ¤ h'g k'?ifn] o; cfTdfnfO{ gfz/lxt, lgTo, chGdf tyf cJoo 5 eg]/ hfGb5, To; k'?ifn] s;/L s;}nfO{ dfg{ nufpF5, clg s;/L s;}nfO{ dfb{5 < ..@!..

jf;f+l; hL0ff{lg oyf ljxfo

gjflg u[íflt g/f]›k/fl0f .

tyf z/L/fl0f ljxfo hL0ff{–

GoGoflg ;+oflt gjflg b]xL ..@@..

h;/L dg'ion] k'/fgf j:qx¿nfO{ Tofu]/ csf{ gofF j:q u|x0f ub{5, To;}u/L hLjfTdfn] k'/fgf z/L/x¿nfO{ Tofu]/ csf]{ gofF z/L/ k|fKt ub{5 ..@@..

g}g+ l5GblGt z:qfl0f g}g+ bxlt kfjsM .

g r}g+ Sn]boGTofkf] g zf]ifolt df?tM ..@#..

cfTdfnfO{ z:qn] sf6\g ;Qm}g, o;nfO{ cfufn] hnfpg ;Qm}g, o;nfO{ hnn] unfpg ;Qm}g clg jfo'n] ;'sfpg klg ;Qm}g ..@#..

cR5]Bf]›odbfèf]›odSn]Bf]›zf]io Pj r .

lgToM ;j{utM :yf0f'/rnf]›o+ ;gftgM ..@$..

lsgeg] cfTdf cR5]B 5, cfTdf cbfè, cSn]B clg lgM;Gb]x g} czf]io 5 tyf  cfTdf lgTo, ;j{JofkL, crn, l:y/ /xg]jfnf / ;gftg 5 ..@$..

cJoQmf]›odlrGTof]›odljsfof]{›od'Rot] . 

t:dfb]j+ ljlbTj}g+ gfg'zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@%..

cfTdf cJoQm 5, cfTdf clrGTo 5 clg cfTdf ljsf//lxt 5 elgPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ x] ch'{g  ¤ o; cfTdfnfO{ pko'{Qm k|sf/n] hfg]/ ltdLn] zf]s ug'{ plrt 5}g ..@%..

cy r}g+ lgTohft+ lgTo+ jf dGo;] d[td\ .

tyflk Tj+ dxfafxf] g}j+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@^..

olb ltdLn] o; cfTdfnfO{ ;bf hGdg] tyf ;bf dg]{ xf] eGg] dfGof} eg] klg x] dxfafxf] ¤ ltdLn] o;k|sf/ zf]s ug'{ plrt 5}g ..@^..

hft:o lx w'|jf] d[To'w{|'j+ hGd d[t:o r .

t:dfbkl/xfo]{›y]{ g Tj+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@&..

lsgeg] o; dfGotfcg';f/ hGd]sf] x/]ssf] d[To' lglZrt 5, / d/]sfx¿sf] hGd lglZrt 5 . o;af6 klg of] pkfoxLg ljifodf ltdLn] zf]s ug'{ plrt 5}g ..@&..

cJoQmfbLlg e"tflg JoQmdWoflg ef/t .

cJoQmlgwgfGo]j tq sf kl/b]jgf ..@*..

x] ch'{g ¤ ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL hGdeGbf klxNo} ck|s6 lyP, / d/]kl5 klg ck|s6 eP/ hfg]jfnf 5g\, s]jn aLrdf dfq k|s6 x'G5g\, clg o:tf] l:yltdf s]sf] zf]s ug'{ / < ..@*..

cfáo{jTkZolt sláb]g–

dfáo{jåblt ty}j rfGoM .

cfáo{jRr}gdGoM ð[0ff]lt

>'TjfKo]g+ j]b g r}j slát\ ..@(..

Ps dxfk'?ifn] dfq cfTdfnfO{ cfZro{k"j{s x]b{5g\, clg csf]{ dxfk'?ifn] dfq o; tŒjnfO{ cfZro{k"j{s j0f{g ub{5g\ . km]l/ csf{] s'g} clwsf/L k'?ifn] dfq o;nfO{ cfZro{ dfg]/ ;'Gb5g\ t/ s;}s;}n] t ;'g]/ klg cfTdfnfO{ lrGb}gg\ ..@(..

b]xL lgTodjWof]›o+ b]x] ;j{:o ef/t .

t:dfT;jf{l0f e"tflg g Tj+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..#)..

x] ch'{g  ¤ cfTdf ;a}sf z/L/df ;bf–;bf cjWo 5 . o;sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLsf nflu ltdLn] zf]s ug'{ plrt 5}g ..#)..

:jwd{dlk rfj]Io g ljslDkt'dx{l; .

wDof{l4 o'4fR5]«of]›GoTIflqo:o g ljBt] ..#!..

clg cfkm\gf] wd{ ljrf/ u/]/ klg ltdLn] eo ug'{ plrt x'Fb}g, lsgeg] Iflqosf nflu wd{o'Qm o'4eGbf 7"nf] csf]{ s'g} sNof0fsf/L st{Jo 5}g ..#!..

ob[R5of rf]kkÙ+ :ju{åf/dkfj[td\ .

;'lvgM IflqofM kfy{ neGt] o'4dLb[zd\ .. #@..

x] kfy{ ¤ cfkm}F :jtM k|fKt ePsf] / v'Nnf /x]sf] :ju{sf] åf/¿k o; k|sf/sf] o'4 t efUojfg\ Iflqo dflg;x¿n] dfq kfpFb5g\ ..#@.

cy r]Œjldd+ wDo{+ ;ª\u|fd+ g sl/iol; .

ttM :jwd{+ sLlt{+ r lxTjf kfkdjfK:ol; ..##..

t/ olb ltdLn] of] wd{o'4 n8]gf} eg] t :jwd{ / sLlt{ u'dfP/ kfk sdfpg]5f} ..##..

csLlt{+ rflk e"tflg syloiolGt t]›Joofd\ .

;Defljt:o rfsLlt{d{/0ffbltl/Rot] ..#$..

clg ;a}hgfn] w]/}w]/} sfn;Dd /xg]jfnf ltd|f] cksLlt{sf] syf eÙ]5g\ . dfggLo k'?ifsf nflu t cksLlt{ d/0feGbf klg Hofbf xf] ..#$..

eofb|0ffb'k/t+ d+:oGt] Tjf+ dxf/yfM .

o]iff+ r Tj+ ax'dtf] e"Tjf of:ol; nf3jd\ ..#%..

clg h;sf] b[l¨df ltdL klxn] Psbd ;Ddflgt lyof}, ltgsf b[l¨df ltdL ca x]oefj kfpg]5f} . tL dxf/yLx¿n] ltdLnfO{ eosf sf/0f o'4af6 x6]sf] dfÙ]5g\ ..#%..

cjfRojfbf+á ax"GjlbiolGt tjflxtfM .

lgGbGt:tj ;fdYo{+ ttf] b'Mvt/+ g' lsd\ ..#^..

ltd|f j}/Lju{n] ltd|f] ;fdYo{sf] lgGbf ub{} ltdLnfO{ w]/} cjfRo s'/f eÙ]5g\ . To;eGbf 7"nf] b'Mv s] xf]nf < ..#^..

xtf] jf k|fK:ol; :ju{+ lhTjf jf ef]Io;] dxLd\ .

t:dfb'lQ© sf}Gt]o o'4fo s[tlgáoM ..#&..

of t ltdLn] o'4df dfl/P/ :ju{ k|fKt ug]{5f}, cyjf ;ª\u|fddf lht]/ k[YjLsf] /fHo ef]Ug]5f} . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL o'4sf nflu lgZro u/]/ v8f xf]pm ..#&..

;'vb'Mv] ;d] s[Tjf nfefnfef} hofhof} .

ttf] o'4fo o'Ho:j g}j+ kfkdjfK:ol; ..#*..

ho–k/fho, nfe–xflg / b'Mv–;'vnfO{ ;dfg ;Dem]/ o; o'4sf nflu tof/ xf]pm, o;k|sf/ o'4 ugf{n] ltdLnfO{ kfk nfUg]5}g ..#*..

Piff t]›lelxtf ;fª\Vo] a'l4of]{u] lTjdf+ ð[0f' .

a'4Øf o'Qmf] oof kfy{ sd{aGw+ k|xf:ol; ..#(..

x] kfy{ ¤ of] a'l4 ltd|f nflu 1fgof]usf] ljifodf elgPsf] xf] . ca ltdL sd{of]usf af/]df ;'g– of] ;'g]kl5 ltdL pko'Qm a'l4n] o'Qm eP/ sd{sf aGwgx¿nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf Tofu ug]{5f} ..#(..

g]xflej|mdgfzf]›l:t k|Tojfof] g ljBt] .

:jNkdKo:o wd{:o qfot] dxtf] eoft\ ..$)..

sd{of]udf cf/Desf] cyf{t\ aLhsf] gfz 5}g, kmn¿k bf]if klg 5}g, a? o; sd{of]u¿k wd{sf] clnslt dfq klg ;fwgn] hGd–d[To'¿k dxfg\ eoaf6 /Iff ub{5 ..$)..

Joj;foflTdsf a'l4/]s]x s'?gGbg .

ax'zfvf ègGtfá a'4of]›Joj;flogfd\ ..$!..

x] ch'{g  ¤ sd{of]udf lgZroflTdsf a'l4 Ps} x'G5, cl:y/ ljrf/ ePsf ljj]sxLg ;sfd dg'iox¿sf a'l4x¿rflxF lgZro g} cg]s e]bsf / cgGt x'G5g\ ..$!..

oflddf+ k'liktf+ jfr+ k|jbGToljklátM .

j]bjfb/tfM kfy{ gfGob:tLlt jflbgM ..$@..

sfdfTdfgM :ju{k/f hGdsd{kmnk|bfd\ .

lj|mofljz]ifax'nf+ ef]u}ào{ult+ k|lt ..$#..

cNk1fgL JolQmx¿ j]bsf cfnËfl/s jrgx¿k|lt clt cf;Qm x'G5g\ . ToxfF :ju{ k|fKt u/fpg] / /fd|f] hGd, zlQm / o:t} cGo s'/fx¿ k|fKt u/fpg] w]/} lsl;dsf ;sfd sd{x¿ atfOPsf 5g\ . OlGb|oef]u / ;DkÙ hLjgsf] rfxgf /fVg] JolQmx¿ o;eGbf 7"nf] c¿ s]xL 5}g eÙ] ub{5g\ ..$@–$#..

ef]u}ào{k|;Qmfgf+ tofkXtr]t;fd\ .

Joj;foflTdsf a'l4M ;dfwf} g ljwLot] ..$$..

h;sf] dg OlGb|oef]u / ;f+;fl/s j}ejk|lt cTolws cf;Qm 5 / h;nfO{ o:tf j:t'x¿n] df]lxt ub{5, To:tf JolQmx¿ eujfg\sf] c6n elQmdf b[9 x'g ;Qm}gg\ ..$$..

q}u'0oljifof j]bf lg:q}u'0of] ejfh'{g .

lgå{Gåf] lgTo;Œj:yf] lgof]{uIf]d cfTdjfg\ ..$%..

x] ch'{g  ¤ j]bn] pko'{Qm k|sf/n] tLg} u'0fx¿sf sfo{¿k ;d:t ef]ux¿ Pjd\ ltgsf ;fwgx¿sf] k|ltkfbg ub{5g\ . o;sf/0f ltdL tL ef]u Pjd\ ltgsf ;fwgx¿df cf;lQmxLg, xif{–zf]sflb åGåx¿af6 /lxt, lgToj:t' k/dfTdfdf l:yt, of]u–If]d grfxg] / :jfwLg cGtMs/0fjfnf xf]pm ..$%..

ofjfgy{ pbkfg] ;j{tM ;DKn'tf]bs] .

tfjfG;j]{if' j]b]if' a|fé0f:o ljhfgtM ..$^..

;a} lx;fan] kl/k"0f{ hnfzo k|fKt ePkl5 ;fgf hnfzodf dg'iosf] hlt k|of]hg /xG5, a|énfO{ tŒjaf6} hfÙ] a|fé0fsf nflu ;d:t j]bx¿df plt g} k|of]hg afFsL /xG5 ..$^..

sd{0o]jflwsf/:t] df kmn]if' sbfrg .

df sd{kmnx]t'e"{df{ t] ;Íf]›:Tjsd{l0f ..$&..

ltd|f] clwsf/ sd{ ug{df dfq 5, To;sf] kmndf 5Fb} 5}g . o;sf/0f ltdL sd{x¿sf] kmnsf nflu gnfu, tyf ltdL sd{ gug{df klg cf;lQm g/fv ..$&..

of]u:yM s'? sdf{l0f ;Í+ ToSTjf wg~ho .

l;4Øl;4Øf]M ;df] e"Tjf ;dTj+ of]u pRot] ..$*..

x] wg~ho ¤ ltdL cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]/ tyf l;l4 Pjd\ cl;l4df ;dfg a'l4 lnP/ of]udf l:yt st{Josd{x¿ u/, ;dTjnfO{ g} of]u elgG5 . -h]–hlt sd{ u/] klg Tof] sd{ k"0f{ ePdf jf gePdf tyf To;sf] kmndf ;defj /xg' g} ‘;dTj’ xf] ._ ..$*..

b"/]0f èj/+ sd{ a'l4of]uf4g~ho .

a'4f} z/0fdlGjR5 s[k0ffM kmnx]tjM ..$(..

o; ;dTj¿k a'l4of]ueGbf ;sfd sd{ cToGt} lgDg>]0fLsf] xf] . o;sf/0f x] wg~ho ¤ ltdL ;a} a'l4df /Iffsf] pkfo vf]h . cyf{t\ a'l4of]us} cf>o u|x0f u/, lsgls kmnsf] p2]Zo /fVg]x¿ cToGt bLg x'g\ ..$(..

a'l4o'Qmf] hxftLx pe] ;'s[tb'is[t] .

t:dfBf]ufo o'Ho:j of]uM sd{;' sf}znd\ ..%)..

;da'l4o'Qm k'?if k'0o / kfk b'j}nfO{ o; nf]sdf TofUb5g\ cyf{t\ ltgaf6 d'Qm eP/ hfG5g\ . o;sf/0f ltdL ;dTj¿k of]udf nfu, of] ;dTj of]u g} sd{x¿df s'zntf xf] cyf{t\ sd{aGwgaf6 5'6sf/f kfpg] pkfo xf] ..%)..

sd{h+ a'l4o'Qmf lx kmn+ ToSTjf dgLlif0fM .

hGdaGwljlgd'{QmfM kb+ uR5GTogfdod\ ..%!..

;da'l4o'Qm 1fgLhg sd{x¿af6 pTkÙ x'g] kmnx¿ Tofu]/ hGd¿k aGwgaf6 d'Qm eO{ lglj{sf/ k/dkb k|fKt ub{5g\ ..%!..

obf t] df]xslnn+ a'l4Jo{lttl/iolt .

tbf uGtfl; lgj]{b+ >f]tJo:o >'t:o r ..%@..

h'g ;dodf ltd|f] a'l4n] df]x¿k bnbnnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf kf/ ug]{5, To; ;dodf ltdL ;'g]sf / ;'Ù kfOg] o; nf]s / k/nf]s;DaGwL ;a} ef]ux¿af6 j}/fUo k|fKt ug]{5f} ..%@..

>'ltljk|ltkÙf t] obf :yf:olt lgánf .

;dfwfjrnf a'l4:tbf of]udjfK:ol; ..%#..

efFtLefFtLsf jrgx¿ ;'g]/ ljrlnt ePsf] ltd|f] a'l4 ha k/dfTdfdf crn tyf l:y/ eP/ /xg]5, ta ltdLn] of]u k|fKt ug{]5f}, cyf{t\ ltd|f] k/dfTdf;Fu lgTo ;+of]u x'g]5 ..%#..

ch'{g pjfr

l:ytk|1:o sf efiff ;dflw:y:o s]zj .

l:ytwLM ls+ k|efif]t lsdf;Lt j|h]t lsd\ ..%$..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] s]zj ¤ ;dflwdf l:yt k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u/]sf l:y/a'l4 k'?ifsf nIf0fx¿ s]s] x'g\ < To:tf] l:y/a'l4 k'?if s;/L af]Nb5, s;/L rNb5 <..%$..

>Leujfg'jfr

k|hxflt obf sfdfG;jf{Gkfy{ dgf]utfg\ .

cfTdGo]jfTdgf t'¨M l:ytk|1:tbf]Rot] ..%%..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g ;dodf k'?ifn] dgdf l:yt ;Dk"0f{ sfdgfx¿nfO{ k"0f{¿kn] TofUb5, / cfTdf–cfTdfd} ;Gt'¨ /xG5, To; ;dodf pm l:ytk|1 elgG5 ..%%..

b'Mv]ijg'låUgdgfM ;'v]if' ljut:k[xM .

jLt/fueoj|mf]wM l:ytwLd'{lg?Rot] ..%^..

b'Mvdf kbf{ klg h'g dg'iosf dgdf på]u x'Fb}g, ;'vsf] k|flKtdf klg hf] ;j{yf lg:k[x 5 tyf h;sf] dgsf /fu, eo / j|mf]w g¨ ePsf 5g\, o:tf d'lg l:y/a'l4 elgG5g\ ..%^..

oM ;j{qfgle:g]x:tQTk|fKo z'efz'ed\ .

gflegGblt g å]l¨ t:o k|1f k|ltl©tf ..%&..

hf] k'?if ;j{q :g]x/lxt eP/ tL z'e of cz'e j:t' k|fKt x'Fbf g k|;Ù x'G5g\ g t å]if ub{5g\, ltgsf] a'l4 l:y/ x'G5 ..%&..

obf ;+x/t] rfo+ s"df]{›ÍfgLj ;j{zM .

OlGb|of0fLlGb|ofy]{Eo:t:o k|1f k|ltl©tf ..%*..

clg h;/L s5'jfn] ;a}lt/af6 cfkm\gf cÍx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ /fV5, To;}u/L ha Ps k'?if OlGb|ox¿sf ljifoaf6 OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ;a} k|sf/n] x6fpFb5, p;sf] a'l4 l:y/ 5 eÙ] hfÙ'kb{5 ..%*..

ljifof ljlgjt{Gt] lg/fxf/:o b]lxgM .

/;jh{+ /;f]›Ko:o k/+ b[¨\jf lgjt{t] ..%(..

OlGb|ox¿åf/f ljifox¿nfO{ u|x0f gug{] k|sf/sf k'?if klg s]jn ljifox¿af6 dfq lgj[Q x'G5g\, k/Gt' ltgdf /x]sf cf;lQm lgj[Q ePsf x'Fb}gg\ . l:ytk|1 k'?ifsf t cf;lQm klg k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ u/]/ lgj[Q eOxfNb5g\ ..%(..

ottf] èlk sf}Gt]o k'?if:o ljklátM .

OlGb|ofl0f k|dfyLlg x/lGt k|;e+ dgM ..^)..

x] ch'{g ¤ cf;lQmsf] gfz gePsf sf/0f oL kL8s :jefjsf OlGb|ox¿n] oTg u/]/ a'l4dfg\ k'?ifsf dgnfO{ klg anft\ x/0f ul/lbG5g\ ..^)..

tflg ;jf{l0f ;+oDo o'Qm cf;Lt dTk/M .

jz] lx o:o]lGb|ofl0f t:o k|1f k|ltl©tf ..^!..

;fwsn] cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ OlGb|ox¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ ;dflxtlrQ eO{ d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ Wofgdf a;f];\, lsgeg] h'g k'?ifsf OlGb|ox¿ jzdf x'G5g\, To;}sf] a'l4 l:y/ x'G5 .

Wofotf] ljifofGk'+;M ;Í:t]if"khfot] .

;ÍfT;~hfot] sfdM sfdfTj|mf]wf]›lehfot] ..^@..

ljifox¿sf] lrGtg ug]{ k'?ifsf] ltg} ljifox¿df cf;lQm x'G5 . cf;lQmn] tL ljifox¿sf] sfdgf pTkÙ x'G5 . clg sfdgfdf lj£gafwf cfof] eg] j|mf]w pTkÙ x'G5 ..^@..

j|mf]wfb\ejlt ;Ddf]xM ;Ddf]xfT:d[ltlje|dM .

:d[lte|+zfb\ a'l4gfzf] a'l4gfzfTk|0fZolt ..^#..

j|mf]waf6 cToGt d"9efj pTkÙ x'G5, d"9efjaf6 :d[ltdf e|d x'G5 . :d[ltlje|d ePkl5 a'l4 cyf{t\ 1fgzlQmsf] gfz x'G5 . clg a'l4 jf 1fgzlQmsf] gfz ePkl5 k'?if cfkm\gf] l:yltaf6 v:t5 ..^#..

/fuå]ifljo'Qm}:t' ljifoflglGb|o}á/g\ .

cfTdjZo}lj{w]ofTdf k|;fbdlwuR5lt ..^$..

k/Gt' cfkm"n] cwLgdf /fv]sf] cGtMs/0fo'Qm ;fws cfkm\gf] jzdf /fv]sf /fuå]ifaf6 /lxt OlGb|ox¿åf/f ljifox¿df ljr/0f ubf{ub{} cGt:s/0fsf] k|;Ùtfdf k'Ub5 ..^$..

k|;fb] ;j{b'Mvfgf+ xflg/:of]khfot] .

k|;Ùr]t;f] èfz' a'l4M ko{jlt©t] ..^%..

cGtMs/0fdf k|;Ùtf ePkl5 dflg;sf ;Dk"0f{ b'Mvx¿ x/fpF5g\ / To; k|;ÙlrQ sd{of]uLsf] a'l4 zL3| g} ;a}lt/af6 x6]/ Ps k/dfTdfdf k"0f{¿kn] l:y/ eOxfNb5 ..^%..

gfl:t a'l4/o'Qm:o g rfo'Qm:o efjgf .

g rfefjotM zflGt/zfGt:o s'tM ;'vd\ ..^^..

glhltPsf OlGb|o / dg ePsf] k'?ifdf lgZroflTdsf a'l4 x'Fb}g, / To; co'Qm dg'iosf] cGtMs/0fdf efjgf klg x'Fb}g . efjgfxLg dg'ionfO{ zflGt ldNb}g clg zflGt/lxt dg'ionfO{ ;'v s;/L ldN5 / < ..^^..

OlGb|of0ff+ lx r/tf+ oGdgf]›g'ljwLot] .

tb:o x/lt k|1f+ jfo'gf{jldjfDel; ..^&..

h;/L hndf rNg] 8'ÍfnfO{ jfo'n] xb{5, To;} u/L ljifox¿df ljr/0f ug]{ OlGb|ox¿dWo] dg h'g OlGb|osf ;fydf /xG5, To; Ps} OlGb|on] klg o; co'Qm dg'iosf] a'l4nfO{ x/0f ul/lbG5 ..^&..

t:dfB:o dxfafxf] lgu[xLtflg ;j{zM .

OlGb|of0fLlGb|ofy]{Eo:t:o k|1f k|ltl©tf ..^*..

o;sf/0f x] dxfafxf] ¤ h'g k'?ifsf OlGb|ox¿ OlGb|ox¿sf ljifoaf6 ;a} k|sf/n] lgu|x ul/Psf x'G5g\, To;} k'?ifsf] a'l4 l:y/ x'G5 ..^*..

of lgzf ;j{e"tfgf+ t:of+ hfult{ ;+odL .

o:of+ hfu|lt e"tflg ;f lgzf kZotf] d'g]M ..^(..

;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf nflu hf] /flqsf ;dfg 5, Tof] lgTo 1fg:j¿k k/dfgGbsf] k|flKtdf l:ytk|1 of]uL hfUb5 . clg hf] gfzjfg\ ;f+;fl/s ;'vsf] k|flKtdf ;a} k|f0fL hfUb5g\, k/dfTdfsf tŒjnfO{ hfÙ] ePsf d'lgsf nflu Tof] /flqsf ;dfg xf] ..^(..

cfk"o{df0fdrnk|lt©+–

;d'b|dfkM k|ljzlGt oåt\ .

tåTsfdf o+ k|ljzlGt ;j]{

; zflGtdfKgf]lt g sfdsfdL ..&)..

h;/L cg]s gbLx¿sf hn ;a}lt/af6 kl/k"0f{, crn k|lt©fo'Qm ;d'b|df cfkm"nfO{ ljrlnt gu/fO{ ;d]6\t5g\, p;}u/L ;a} ef]u l:ytk|1 k'?ifdf s'g} k|sf/sf ljsf/ pTkÙ gu/Lsg g} ldNb5g\, ToxL k'?if k/dzflGt k|fKt ub{5, ef]ux¿sf] sfdgf ug]{x¿n] xf]Og ..&)..

ljxfo sfdfGoM ;jf{Gk'df+á/lt lgM:k[xM .

lgd{df] lg/xËf/M ; zflGtdlwuR5lt ..&!..

hf] k'?if ;Dk"0f{ sfdgfx¿ Tofu]/ ddtf/lxt, cxËf//lxt clg :k[xf/lxt eO{ ljr/0f ub{5, pxL zflGtdf k'Ub5, cyf{t\ p;}n] zflGt kfpFb5 ..&!..

Piff a|féL l:yltM kfy{ g}gf+ k|fKo ljd'èlt .

l:yTjf:ofdGtsfn]›lk a|élgjf{0fd[R5lt ..&@..

x] ch'{g ¤ of] a|édf k'u]sf] k'?ifsf] l:ylt xf], of] k|fKt eP/ of]uL slxNo} df]lxt x'Fb}gg\ clg cGtsfndf o; a|féL l:yltdf l:yt eP/ a|éfgGbdf k'Ub5g\ ..&@..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] ;fª\Voof]uf] gfd låtLof]›WofoM ..@..

)))

 

ç

cy t[tLof]›WofoM ..#..

ch'{g pjfr

Hofo;L r]Tsd{0f:t] dtf a'l4h{gfb{g .

tlTs+ sd{l0f 3f]/] df+ lgof]hol; s]zj ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] hgfb{g ¤ olb xh'/nfO{ sd{sf] t'ngfdf 1fg >]© dfGo x'G5 eg] x] s]zj ¤ lsg xh'/ dnfO{ eoË/ sd{df nufpg'x'G5 < ..!..

Jofld>]0f]j jfSo]g a'l4+ df]xo;Lj d] .

tb]s+ jb lgláTo o]g >]of]›xdfKg'ofd\ ..@..

xh'/n] ax'cyL{ jrgåf/f d]/f] a'l4 df]lxt ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 . ctM Pp6f lglZrt u/]/ ToxL s'/f eÙ'xf];\, h;af6 d]/f] sNof0f xf];\ ..@..

>L eujfg'jfr

nf]s]›l:dlGåljwf lg©f k'/f k|f]Qmf dofg3 .

1fgof]u]g ;fª\Vofgf+ sd{of]u]g of]lugfd\ ..#..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] lgikfk ¤ o; nf]sdf b'O{ k|sf/sf lg©f 5g\ eg]/ d}n] klxNo} elg;s]sf] 5' . tLdWo] ;fª\Voof]uLx¿sf] lg©f 1fgof]u;Fu / of]uLx¿sf] lg©f sd{of]u;Fu x'G5 ..#..

g sd{0ffdgf/DefÙ}isDo{+ k'?iff]›Zg't] .

g r ;+Go;gfb]j l;l4+ ;dlwuR5lt ..$..

g t sd{x¿sf] cf/De gu/Lsg dg'io lgisd{tf;Dd cyf{t\ of]ulg©fdf k'Ub5 g t sd{x¿sf s]jn Tofudfqn] l;l4 cyf{t\ ;fª\Volg©fdf k'Ub5 ..$..

g lx sláTIf0fdlk hft' lt©Tosd{s[t\ .

sfo{t] èjzM sd{ ;j{M k|s[lth}u'{0f}M ..%..

s'g} klg dg'io s'g} klg sfndf If0fdfq klg sd{ gu/Lsg /xg ;Qm}g, lsgeg] ;f/f dg'io;d'bfo k|s[lthlgt u'0fx¿åf/f k/jz eP/ sd{ ug{sf nflu afWo kfl/G5g\ ..%..

sd]{lGb|ofl0f ;+oDo o cf:t] dg;f :d/g\ .

OlGb|ofyf{lGjd"9fTdf ldYofrf/M ; pRot] ..^..

h'g d"9a'l4 ;d:t OlGb|ox¿nfO{ x7k"j{s dflyaf6 /f]s]/ dgaf6 tL OlGb|ox¿sf ljifosf] lrGtg ul//xG5, To;nfO{ ldYofrf/L cyf{t\ bDeL elgG5 ..^..

ol:TjlGb|ofl0f dg;f lgoDof/et]›h'{g .

sd]{lGb|o}M sd{of]ud;QmM ; ljlziot] ..&..

t/ x] ch'{g ¤ h'g k'?if dgaf6} OlGb|ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fv]/ cgf;Qm eO{ ;d:t OlGb|ox¿åf/f sd{of]usf] cfr/0f ub{5, pxL >]© xf] ..&..

lgot+ s'? sd{ Tj+ sd{ Hofof] èsd{0fM .

z/L/ofqflk r t] g k|l;4Ø]bsd{0fM ..*..

ltdL zf:qljlxt st{Josd{ u/, lsgls sd{ gug'{eGbf sd{ ug'{ >]© 5, tyf sd{ gugf{n] ltd|f] z/L/–lgjf{x klg l;4 x'g]5}g ..*..

o1fyf{Tsd{0ff]›Goq nf]sf]›o+ sd{aGwgM .

tby{+ sd{ sf}Gt]o d'Qm;ÍM ;dfr/ ..(..

o1sf lgldQ ul/g] sd{afx]s c¿ sd{df nfu]sf] of] dg'io;d'bfo g} sd{x¿n] afFlwG5 . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL cf;lQmaf6 /lxt eP/ To; o1sf lgldQ st{Josd{ u/ ..(..

;xo1fM k|hfM ;[¨\jf k'/f]jfr k|hfkltM .

cg]g k|;ljioWjd]if jf]›l:Tj¨sfdw's\ ..!)..

k|hfklt a|éfn] sNksf] ;'?df o1;lxt k|hfx¿sf] /rgf u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ eg]– ltdLx¿ o; o1åf/f j[l4 xf]pm clg o; o1n] ltdLx¿nfO{ OlR5t ef]u k|bfg ul/b]cf];\ ..!)..

b]jfGefjotfg]g t] b]jf efjoGt' jM .

k/:k/+ efjoGtM >]oM k/djfK:oy ..!!..

ltdLx¿n] o1åf/f b]jtfx¿nfO{ pÙt u/ / tL b]jtfx¿n] ltdLx¿nfO{ pÙt u¿g\ . o;k|sf/ lgM:jfy{efjn] Ps–csf{nfO{ pÙt ub}{ ltdLx¿ k/dsNof0fdf k'Ug]5f} ..!!..

O¨fGef]uflGx jf] b]jf bf:oGt] o1efljtfM .

t}b{Qfgk|bfo}Eof] of] e'ª\Qm] :t]g Pj ;M ..!@..

o1åf/f a9fOPsf b]jtfx¿n] ltdLx¿nfO{ gdfuLsg OlR5t ef]u lgZro g} lbO/xg]5g\ . o;k|sf/ tL b]jtfx¿åf/f lbOPsf ef]ux¿nfO{ h'g k'?ifn] pgLx¿nfO{ glbO{sg} :jod\ ef]Ub5, Tof] rf]/ xf] ..!@..

o1lz¨flzgM ;Gtf] d'RoGt] ;j{lslNaif}M .

e'~ht] t] Tj3+ kfkf o] krGTofTdsf/0fft\ ..!#..

o1af6 ar]sf] cÙ vfg] >]© k'?if ;a} kfkx¿af6 d'Qm eOxfNb5 / hf] kfkLx¿ cfkm\gf z/L/–kf]if0f ug{sf nflu dfq cÙ ksfpFb5g\, ltgn] t kfk;d]t vfG5g\ ..!#..

cÙfb\ejlGt e"tflg kh{GofbÙ;DejM .

o1fb\ejlt kh{Gof] o1M sd{;d'b\ejM ..!$..

sd{ a|éf]b\ej+ ljl4 a|éfIf/;d'b\ejd\ .

t:dfT;j{ut+ a|é lgTo+ o1] k|ltl©td\ ..!%..

;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL cÙaf6 aGb5g\, cÙsf] pTklQ j[l¨af6 x'G5, j[l¨ o1af6 x'G5 / ljlxt sd{x¿af6 o1 pTkÙ x'g] x'G5 . sd{;d'bfonfO{ ltdLn] j]baf6 pTkÙ / j]bnfO{ cljgfzL k/dfTdfaf6 pTkÙ ePsf] eg]/ hfg . o;af6 l;4 x'G5 ls ;j{JofkL k/d cIf/ k/dfTdf ;bf g} o1df k|ltl©t 5g\ ..!$–!%..

Pj+ k|jlt{t+ rj|m+ gfg'jt{otLx oM .

c3fo'l/lGb|of/fdf] df]3+ kfy{ ; hLjlt ..!^..

x] kfy{ ¤ h'g k'?if o; nf]sdf o;k|sf/ k/Dk/fb]lv k|rlnt ;[l¨rj|msf] cg's"n Jojxf/ ub{} cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] st{Josf] kfng ub{}g, OlGb|ox¿åf/f ef]ux¿df /d0f ug{] ePsf] Tof] kfkfo' k'?if Joy{df afFRt5 ..!^..

o:TjfTd/lt/]j :ofbfTdt[Ktá dfgjM .

cfTdGo]j r ;Gt'¨:t:o sfo{+ g ljBt] ..!&..

k/Gt' hf] dg'io cfTdfd} /d0f ub{5 / cfTdfd} t[Kt tyf cfTdfd} ;Gt'¨ 5, p;sf nflu s'g} st{Jo 5}g ..!&..

g}j t:o s[t]gfyf]{ gfs[t]g]x ság .

g rf:o ;j{e"t]if' sláby{Jokf>oM ..!*..

To; dxfk'?ifsf nflu o; ljàdf g t sd{ ug'{;Fu s'g} k|of]hg /xG5 clg g sd{x¿ gug'{;Fu g} s'g} k|of]hg /xG5 . tyf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df klg o;sf] lsl~rt\ dfq klg :jfy{sf] ;DaGw /xFb}g ..!*..

t:dfb;QmM ;tt+ sfo{+ sd{ ;dfr/ .

c;Qmf] èfr/Gsd{ k/dfKgf]lt k"?ifM ..!(..

o;sf/0f ltdLn] lg/Gt/ cf;lQmn] /lxt eP/ ;bf st{Josd{nfO{ elnefFtL ul//xg" . lsgeg] cf;lQmn] /lxt eP/ sd{ ul//x]sf] dg'io k/dfTdfdf k'Ub5 ..!(..

sd{0f}j lx ;+l;l4dfl:ytf hgsfboM .

nf]s;ª\u|xd]jflk ;DkZoGst{'dx{l; ..@)..

hgs cflb 1fgLhg klg cf;lQm/lxt sd{åf/f g} k/d l;l4df k'u]sf lyP . o;sf/0f tyf nf]snfO{ x]/]/ klg ltdL sd{ ug{s} nflu of]Uo 5f} ..@)..

oBbfr/lt >]©:tQb]j]t/f] hgM .

; oTk|df0f+ s'?t] nf]s:tbg'jt{t] ..@!..

>]© k'?ifn] h:tfh:tf cfr/0f ub{5g\, cGo k'?ifn] klg To:t}To:t} cfr/0f ub{5g\ . p;n] h] k|dfl0ft ul/lbG5, ;d:t dg'io;d'bfo To;}sf cg';f/ Jojxf/ ug{df nfUb5g\ ..@!..

g d] kfyf{l:t st{Jo+ lqif' nf]s]if' ls~rg .

gfgjfKtdjfKtJo+ jt{ Pj r sd{l0f ..@@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ dnfO{ oL tLg nf]sdf g t s'g} st{Jo 5 g t s'g} k|fKt ug{ of]Uo j:t' g} ck|fKt 5, t/ klg d sd{d} nflu/x]sf] 5' ..@@..

olb èx+ g jt]{o+ hft' sd{0otlGb|tM .

dd jTdf{g'jt{Gt] d'giofM kfy{ ;j{zM ..@#..

lsgls x] kfy{ ¤ olb sbflrt\ d}n] ;fjwfg eP/ sd{df gnfUg] xf] eg] t 7"nf] xflg eP/ hfnf, lsgls dg'io ;a} k|sf/n] d]/} dfu{sf] cg';/0f ub{5g\ ..@#..

pT;Lb]o'l/d] nf]sf g s'of+{ sd{ r]bxd\ .

;Ë/:o r stf{ :ofd'kxGoflddfM k|hfM ..@$..

o;sf/0f olb d}n] sd{ ul/gF eg] oL ;a} dg'io g¨e|¨ eP/ hfg]5g\, clg d ;Ë/tf ug]{ ePsf] x'g]5' tyf o; ;d:t k|hfnfO{ g¨ ug]{jfnf aÙ]5' ..@$..

;QmfM sd{0oljåf+;f] oyf s'j{lGt ef/t .

s'of{lååf+:tyf;QmlásLif'{nf]{s;ª\u|xd\ ..@%..

x] ef/t ¤ sd{df cf;Qm ePsf c1fgLhg h'g k|sf/n] sd{ ub{5g\, cf;lQm/lxt ljåfg\ klg nf]s;d'bfon] rfx]h:t} k|sf/n] sd{ u¿g\ ..@%..

g a'l4e]b+ hgo]b1fgf+ sd{;lÍgfd\ .

hf]ifo]T;j{sdf{l0f ljåfGo'QmM ;dfr/g\ ..@^..

k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf c6n /x]sf 1fgL k'?ifn] zf:qljlxt sd{x¿sf] af/]df cf;lQmo'Qm c1fgLx¿sf] dgdf c>4f pTkÙ gu¿g\ . a? :jod\ zf:qljlxt ;d:t sd{ elnefFtL;Fu ub{} /x]/ c1fgLx¿nfO{ klg p;}u/L u/fpmg\ ..@^..

k|s[t]M lj|modf0fflg u'0f}M sdf{l0f ;j{zM .

cxËf/ljd"9fTdf stf{xldlt dGot] ..@&..

jf:tjdf ;Dk"0f{ sd{ ;a} k|sf/n] k|s[ltsf u'0fx¿åf/f ul/G5g\, t/ klg h;sf] cGtMs/0f cxËf/n] df]lxt eO/x]sf] 5, o:tf c1fgLx¿n] ‘d g} stf{ x'F’ eG7fG5g\ ..@&..

tŒjljQ' dxfafxf] u'0fsd{ljefuof]M .

u'0ff u'0f]if' jt{Gt Olt dTjf g ;Hht] ..@*..

k/Gt' x] dxfafxf] ¤ u'0fljefu / sd{ljefusf tŒjx¿ lrÙ] 1fgof]uL ;Dk"0f{ u'0f}u'0fdf /lx/x]sf x'G5g\, o:tf] a'em]/ pgLx¿ cf;Qm x'Fb}gg\ ..@*..

k|s[t]u'{0f;Dd"9fM ;HhGt] u'0fsd{;' .

tfgs[T:gljbf] dGbfGs[T:gljÙ ljrfno]t\ ..@(..

k|s[ltsf u'0fx¿n] cToGt df]lxt ePsf dg'io u'0fx¿df / sd{x¿df cf;Qm /lx/xG5g\, tL k6Ss} ga'em\g] dGba'l4 c1fgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{tof hfÙ] 1fgLx¿n] ljrlnt gu¿g\ ..@(..

dlo ;jf{l0f sdf{l0f ;+Go:ofWofTdr]t;f .

lg/fzLlg{d{df] e"Tjf o'Wo:j ljutHj/M ..#)..

d cGtof{dL k/dfTdfdf nflu/x]/ lrQåf/f ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ ddf ck{0f u/]/ cfzf/lxt, ddtf/lxt clg ;Gtfk/lxt eP/ o'4 u/ ..#)..

o] d] dtldb+ lgTodg'lt©lGt dfgjfM .

>4fjGtf]›g;"oGtf] d'RoGt] t]›lk sd{leM ..#!..

h'g dg'ion] bf]ifb[l¨n] /lxt / >4fo'Qm eP/ d]/f] o; dtnfO{ ;bf cg';/0f ub{5, p;n] klg ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿af6 5'6sf/f kfpFb5 ..#!..

o] Tj]tbEo;"oGtf] gfg'lt©lGt d] dtd\ .

;j{1fgljd"9f+:tflGjl4 g¨fgr]t;M ..#@..

k/Gt' hf] dg'io ddf bf]iff/f]k0f ub}{ d]/f] o; dtsf cg';f/ rNb}gg\, tL JolQmx¿ ;a} k|sf/sf 1fgn] /lxt ePsf dxfd"v{ dflgG5g\ / k"0f{tf kfpgsf nflu ltgLx¿n] u/]sf k|of;x¿ klg g¨ x'G5g\ eÙ] a'em ..#@..

;b[z+ r]¨t] :j:ofM k|s[t]1f{gjfglk .

k|s[lt+ oflGt e"tflg lgu|xM ls+ sl/iolt ..##..

;a} k|f0fL k|s[ltdf ldNb5g\ cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] :jefjsf] k/jz eP/ sd{ ub{5g\ . 1fgjfg\ dg'ion] klg cfkm\gf] k|s[ltsf cg';f/ r]¨f ub{5g\ . To;f] x'gfn] o;df s;}sf] x7n] s] x'G5 / <..##..

OlGb|o:o]lGb|o:ofy]{ /fuå]iff} Jojl:ytf} .

tof]g{ jzdfuR5]Qf} è:o kl/klGygf} ..#$..

k|To]s OlGb|osf ljifodf /fu / å]if n's]/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . dflg;n] o:tf /fu / å]ifaf6 jzLe"t x'g'x'Fb}g, lsgeg] oL /fu–å]ifx¿ cfTd;fIffTsf/sf] dfu{df cj/f]w ag]/ cfpg] dxfg\ zq' x'g\ ..#$..

>]ofG:jwdf]{ lju'0fM k/wfdf{T:jg'l©tft\ .

:jwd]{ lgwg+ >]oM k/wdf]{ eofjxM ..#%..

c¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf] sd{ -k/wd{_ /fd|/L ;DkÙ ug'{eGbf q'l6k"0f{ tl/sfn] eP klg cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] st{Jo -:jwd{_ ug'{ g} /fd|f] xf] . k/wd{df nfUg'eGbf cfkm\g} wd{df /x]/ dg{' a? pQd x'G5, k/wd{ eosf/s x'G5 ..#%..

ch'{g pjfr

cy s]g k|o'Qmf]›o+ kfk+ r/lt k"?ifM .

clgR5Ùlk jfi0f]{o anflbj lgof]lhtM ..#^..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] s[i0f ¤ To;f] eP dg'ion] :jod\ grfx] klg anft\ yf]kl/Psf] em}F s;af6 k|]l/t eP/ kfksf] cfr/0f ub{5 < ..#^..

>Leujfg'jfr

sfd Pif j|mf]w Pif /hf]u'0f;d'b\ejM .

dxfzgf] dxfkfKdf lj4Ø]gldx j}l/0fd\ ..#&..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– sfd / j|mf]w /hf]u'0faf6 pTkÙ ePsf x'g\ . /hf]u'0f ef]ux¿n] slxNo} gc3fpg] / a8f] kfkL 5 . o;}nfO{ ltdL j}/L xf] eg]/ lrg ..#&..

w"d]gflj|ot] jlìo{yfbzf]{ dn]g r .

oyf]Na]gfj[tf] ue{:tyf t]g]bdfj[td\ ..#*..

h;/L w'jfFaf6 clUg / donaf6 P]gf 9flsG5, tyf h;/L e|"0f ;fngfnn] 9flsP/ /x]sf] x'G5, To;} k|sf/n] hLjfTdf klg ljleÙ txsf sfdefjåf/f 9flsP/ /x]sf] x'G5 ..#*..

cfj[t+ 1fgd]t]g 1flggf] lgToj}l/0ff .

sfd¿k]0f sf}Gt]o b'ik"/]0ffgn]g r ..#(..

clg x] ch'{g  ¤ clUgsf ;dfg slxNo} k"0f{ gx'g] lsl;dsf] of] 1fgLx¿sf] lgTo j}/L sfd¿kåf/f dg'iosf] 1fg 9flsP/ /x]sf] x'G5 ..#(..

OlGb|ofl0f dgf] a'l4/:oflw©fgd'Rot] .

Pt}lj{df]xoTo]if 1fgdfj[To b]lxgd\ ..$)..

OlGb|ox¿, dg / a'l4– oL ;a} sfdsf jf;:yfg elgG5g\ . oL dg, a'l4 / OlGb|ox¿åf/f 1fgnfO{ cfR5flbt u/]/ g} sfdn] hLjfTdfnfO{ df]lxt ub{5g\ ..$)..

t:dfŒjldlGb|of0ofbf} lgoDo e/tif{e .

kfKdfg+ k|hlx è]g+ 1fglj1fggfzgd\ ..$!..

o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdLn] ;j{k|yd OlGb|ox¿nfO{ jzdf u/]/ 1fg / lj1fgsf] gfz ug]{ ePsf] o; kfkL sfdefjgfnfO{ ank"j{s dfl/b]pm ..$!..

OlGb|ofl0f k/f0ofx'l/lGb|o]EoM k/+ dgM .

dg;:t' k/f a'l4of]{ a'4]M k/t:t' ;M .. $@..

OlGb|ox¿nfO{ :y"n z/L/b]lv k/ cyf{t\ >]©, anjfg\ clg ;"Id elgG5, oL OlGb|ox¿b]lv k/ dg 5, dgeGbf klg k/ a'l4 5, clg hf] a'l4eGbf klg cToGt k/ 5 Tof] cfTdf xf] ..$@..

Pj+ a'4]M k/+ a'b\Wjf ;+:tEofTdfgdfTdgf .

hlx zq'+ dxfafxf] sfd¿k+ b'/f;bd\ ..$#..

o;k|sf/ a'l4af6 k/ cyf{t\ ;"Id, anjfg\ clg cToGt >]© cfTdfnfO{ lrg]/ clg a'l4åf/f dgnfO{ jzdf u/]/ x] dxfafxf] ¤ ltdLn] o; sfd¿k b'h{o zq'nfO{ dfl/b]pm ..$#..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] sd{of]uf] gfd t[tLof]›WofoM ..#..

)))

 

ç

cy rt'yf]{›WofoM ..$..

>Leujfg'jfr

Od+ ljj:jt] of]u+ k|f]QmjfgxdJood\ .

ljj:jfGdgj] k|fx dg'l/Ijfsj]›a|jLt\ ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– d}n] o; cljgfzL of]usf] ljifodf ;"o{nfO{ eg]sf] lyPF . ;"o{n] cfkm\gf k'q j}j:jt dg'nfO{ eg]sf lyP, clg j}j:jt dg'n] cfkm\gf k'q /fhf OIjfs'nfO{ eg]sf lyP ..!..

Pj+ k/Dk/fk|fKtldd+ /fhif{of] ljb'M .

; sfn]g]x dxtf of]uf] g¨M k/Gtk ..@..

x] k/Gtk ch'{g  ¤ o;k|sf/ k/Dk/fb]lv k|fKt o; of]unfO{ /fhlif{x¿n] hfg], lsGt' To;kl5 Tof] of]u nfdf] ;do;Dd o; k[YjLnf]sdf n'Ktk|fo eof] ..@..

; Pjfo+ dof t]›B of]uM k|f]QmM k'/ftgM .

eQmf]›l; d] ;vf r]lt /x:o+ è]tb'Qdd\ ..#..

ltdL d]/f eQm / lk|o ;vf xf}, o;sf/0f d}n] pxL of] k'/ftg of]u cfh  ltdLnfO{ eg]sf] x'F, lsgls of] w]/} pQd /x:o xf], cyf{t\ u'Kt /fVg of]Uo ljifo xf] ..#..

ch'{g pjfr

ck/+ ejtf] hGd k/+ hGd ljj:jtM .

syd]tlåhfgLof+ Tjdfbf} k|f]Qmjflglt ..$..

ch'{gn] eg]– xh'/sf] hGd t cjf{rLg -ev{/ev{/sf]_ xf] clg ;"o{sf] hGd k|frLg xf], cyf{t\ sNksf] ;'?df xf] . To;f] x'gfn] d o; s'/fnfO{ s;/L a'em"F tkfO{Fn] g} sNksf] ;'?df ;"o{nfO{ of] of]u eÙ'ePsf] xf] eg]/ < ..$..

>Leujfg'jfr

ax"lg d] JotLtflg hGdflg tj rfh'{g .

tfGox+ j]b ;jf{l0f g Tj+ j]Ty k/Gtk ..%..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] k/Gtk ch'{g  ¤ d]/f] / ltd|f] w]/}k6s hGd eO;s]sf] 5 . tL ;a} hGdsf] ljifodf ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g, t/ d ;a} hfGb5' ..%..

chf]›lk ;ÙJoofTdf e"tfgfdLà/f]›lk ;g\ .

k|s[lt+ :jfdlw©fo ;DejfDofTddfoof ..^..

d chGdf / cljgfzL:j¿k eP/ klg tyf ;d:t k|f0fLx¿sf] O{à/ eP klg cfkm\gf] k|s[ltnfO{ cwLg u/]/ cfkm\gf] of]udfofn] k|s6 x'G5' ..^..

obf obf lx wd{:o Unflge{jlt ef/t .

cEo'Tyfgdwd{:o tbfTdfg+ ;[hfDoxd\ ..&..

x] ef/t ¤ haha wd{sf] xflg / cwd{sf] j[l4 x'G5, tata d cfkm\gf] ¿ksf] /rgf ub{5' cyf{t\ ;fsf/ ¿k lnP/ dflg;x¿sf ;Dd'v k|s6 x'G5' ..&..

kl/qf0ffo ;fw"gf+ ljgfzfo r b'is[tfd\ .

wd{;+:yfkgfyf{o ;Dejfld o'u] o'u] ..*..

;fw' k'?ifx¿sf] p4f/ ug{sf nflu, kfksd{ ug]{x¿sf] ljgfz ug{sf nflu clg wd{sf] pko'Qm tl/sfn] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu o'uo'udf k|s6 x'g] ub{5' ..*..

hGd sd{ r d] lbJod]j+ of] j]lQ tŒjtM .

ToSTjf b]x+ k'gh{Gd g}lt dfd]lt ;f]›h'{g ..(..

x] ch'{g  ¤ d]/f] hGd / sd{ lbJo cyf{t\ lgd{n clg cnf}lss 5 . of] ;To h'g dg'io tŒjaf6 hfÙ ;Qm5g\ ltgn] cfkm\gf] z/L/ Tofu]kl5 km]l/ hGdsf] km]/df kl//xg'kb{}g . ltgLx¿ d}df ;dflxt x'G5g\ ..(..

jLt/fueoj|mf]wf dGdof dfd'kfl>tfM .

axjf] 1fgtk;f k"tf db\efjdfutfM ..!)..

klxn] klg h;sf /fu, eo / j|mf]w ;j{yf g¨ ePsf lyP / hf] ddf cgGo k|]dk"j{s l:yt /xg] ub{y], o:tf ddf cfl>t /xg] w]/}w]/} eQmx¿ pko'{Qm 1fg¿k tkaf6 kljq eP/ d]/f] :j¿kdf ldlnt eO;s]sf 5g\ ..!)..

o] oyf df+ k|kBGt] tf+:ty}j ehfDoxd\ .

dd jTdf{g'jt{Gt] dg'iofM kfy{ ;j{zM ..!!..

x] ch'{g  ¤ hf] eQm dnfO{ h'g k|sf/n] eHb5g\, d klg ltgLx¿nfO{ To;} k|sf/n] eHb5', lsgeg] ;a} dg'io ;a} k|sf/n] d]/} dfu{sf] cg';/0f ub{5g\ ..!!..

sfª\IfGtM sd{0ff+ l;l4+ ohGt Ox b]jtfM .

lIfk+| lx dfg'if] nf]s] l;l4e{jlt sd{hf ..!@..

o; dg'ionf]sdf sd{x¿sf kmn k|fKt ug{ rfxg] dflg;n] b]jtfx¿sf] k"hg ug]{ ub{5g\, lsgls o;f] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ sd{af6 pTkÙ x'g] l;l4 zL3| g} ldNb5 ..!@..

rft'j{0o{+ dof ;[¨+ u'0fsd{ljefuzM .

t:o stf{/dlk df+ lj4Østf{/dJood\ ..!#..

a|fé0f, Iflqo, j}Zo / z"b| oL rf/ j0f{x¿sf ;d"x, u'0f / sd{nfO{ ljefuk"j{s d}n] /rgf u/]sf] x'F . o;k|sf/ o; ;[l¨–/rgflb sd{sf] stf{ eP/ klg d cljgfzL k/d]à/nfO{ ltdLn] jf:tjdf cstf{ g} eg]/ hfg ..!#..

g df+ sdf{l0f lnDklGt g d] sd{kmn] :k[xf .

Olt df+ of]›lehfgflt sd{leg{ ; aWot] ..!$..

sd{x¿sf kmndf d]/f] :k[xf 5}g, o;sf/0f dnfO{ sd{df lnKt x'g'kb{}g, o;k|sf/ h;n] dnfO{ tŒjb]lv g} lrGb5g\, tL klg sd{x¿åf/f afFlwFb}gg\ ..!$..

Pj+ 1fTjf s[t+ sd{ k"j}{/lk d'd'If'leM .

s'? sd{}j t:dfŒj+ k"j{}M k"j{t/+ s[td\ ..!%..

k"j{sfndf d'd'If'x¿n] klg o;k|sf/ hfg]/ g} sd{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf/0f ltdL klg k"j{hx¿åf/f ;bfb]lv ul/g] u/]sf sd{x¿ g} u/ ..!%..

ls+ sd{ lsdsd]{lt sjof]›Koq df]lxtfM .

tQ] sd{ k|jIofld oH1fTjf df]Io;]›z'eft\ ..!^..

sd{ s] xf] < csd{ s] xf] < o:tf] ljifodf lg0f{o ug{df a'l4dfg\ k'?if klg df]lxt eOxfNb5g\ . o;sf/0f Tof] sd{tŒj d ltdLnfO{ elnefFtL ;DemfP/ eg"Fnf, h'g s'/f hfg]/ ltdL cz'eaf6 cyf{t\ sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g]5f} ..!^..

sd{0ff] èlk af]4Jo+ af]4Jo+ r ljsd{0fM .

csd{0fá af]4Jo+ uxgf sd{0ff] ultM ..!&..

sd{sf] :j¿k klg hfÙ'kb{5, csd{sf] :j¿k klg hfÙ'kb{5, ;fy} ljsd{sf] :j¿k klg hfÙ'kb{5, lsgls sd{sf] ult uxg 5 ..!&..

sd{0osd{ oM kZo]bsd{l0f r sd{ oM .

; a'l4dfGdg'io]if' ; o'QmM s[T:gsd{s[t\ ..!*..

hf] dg'ion] sd{df csd{ b]Vt5, / hf] csd{df sd{ b]Vt5, Tof] dg'io a'l4dfg\ xf] clg Tof] of]uL ;d:t sd{x¿ ug]{jfnf xf] ..!*..

o:o ;j]{ ;df/DefM sfd;ËNkjlh{tfM .

1fgflUgbUwsdf{0f+ tdfx'M kl08t+ a'wfM ..!(..

h;sf ;Dk"0f{ sd{ zf:q;Ddt, sfdgf/lxt / ;ËNk/lxt x'G5g\, tyf h;sf ;d:t sd{ 1fg¿k clUgåf/f e:d ePsf 5g\, To; dxfk'?ifnfO{ 1fgLhgn] klg kl08t eGb5g\ ..!(..

ToSTjf sd{kmnf;Í+ lgTot[Ktf] lg/f>oM .

sd{0olek|j[Qf]›lk g}j lsl~rTs/f]lt ;M ..@)..

hf] k'?if ;d:t sd{df / p;sf kmndf cf;lQmsf] ;j{yf Tofu u/]/ ;+;f/sf cf>oaf6 /lxt ePsf] 5 clg k/dfTdfdf lgTo t[Kt 5, Tof] dflg; sd{df elnefFtL nfu]sf] eP klg jf:tjdf s]xL ul//x]sf] x'Fb}g ..@)..

lg/fzLo{tlrQfTdf ToQm;j{kl/u|xM .

zf/L/+ s]jn+ sd{ s'j{ÙfKgf]lt lslNaifd\ ..@!..

h;sf] cGtMs/0f clg OlGb|ox¿;lxt z/L/ lhltPsf] 5, clg h;n] ;d:t ef]ux¿sf ;fdu|Lsf] kl/Tofu ul/lbPsf] 5, o:tf] cfzf/lxt k'?if s]jn z/L/;DaGwL sd{ ul//x]sf] eP klg kfkx¿df k'Ub}g . @!..

ob[R5fnfe;Gt'¨f] åGåftLtf] ljdT;/M .

;dM l;4fjl;4f} r s[Tjflk g lgaWot] ..@@..

hf] OR5fa]u/ cfkm}Fcfkm k|fKt ePsf kbfy{df ;bf ;Gt'¨ /xG5, h;df O{iof{sf] ;j{yf cefj ePsf] 5, hf] xif{–zf]s cflb åGåaf6 ;j{yf ctLt ePsf] 5, o:tf] l;l4 / cl;l4df ;d /xg] sd{of]uL k'?if sd{ ul//x]sf] eP klg ltgaf6 afFlwPsf] x'Fb}g ..@@..

ut;Í:o d'Qm:o 1fgfjl:ytr]t;M .

o1fofr/tM sd{ ;du|+ k|ljnLot] ..@#..

h;sf] cf;lQm ;j{yf g¨ ePsf] 5, hf] b]xfledfg / ddtfn] /lxt ePsf] 5, h;sf] lrQ lg/Gt/ k/dfTdfsf] 1fgdf l:yt /x]sf] x'G5, s]jn o1;Dkfbgsf nflu sd{ ug]{ o:tf dg'iosf ;Dk"0f{ sd{ elnefFtL ljnLg eP/ hfG5g\ ..@#..

a|éfk{0f+ a|é xlja|{éfUgf} a|é0ff x'td\ .

a|é}j t]g uGtJo+ a|ésd{;dflwgf ..@$..

h'g o1df ck{0f cyf{t\ ;|'jf -;'/f]_ cflb klg a|é 5, clg xjg ug{ of]Uo b|Jo klg a|é 5, tyf a|é¿k stf{åf/f a|é¿k clUgdf cfx'lt lbg] ¿klj|mof klg a|é 5, a|ésd{df l:yt /xg] To; of]uLåf/f k|fKt ug{ nfos kmn klg a|é g} xf] ..@$..

b}jd]jfk/] o1+ of]lugM ko'{kf;t] .

a|éfUgfjk/] o1+ o1]g}jf]kh'êlt ..@%..

csf{ of]uLhg b]jtfx¿sf] k"hg¿k o1s} tl/sfn] cg'©fg ug{] ub{5g\ clg cGo of]uLhg k/a|é k/dfTdf¿k clUgdf ce]b–bz{g¿k o1åf/f g} cfTd¿k o1sf] xjg ug{] ub{5g\ ..@%..

>f]qfbLgLlGb|of0oGo] ;+odflUgif' h'êlt .

zAbfbLlGjifofgGo OlGb|oflUgif' h'êlt ..@^..

 

csf{ of]uLhg >f]q cflb ;d:t OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ;+od¿k clUgdf xjg ug{] ub{5g\ clg csf{ of]uLhgx¿ zAbflb ;d:t ljifox¿nfO{ OlGb|o¿k clUgx¿df xjg ug]{ ub{5g\ ..@^..

;jf{0fLlGb|osdf{l0f k|f0fsdf{l0f rfk/] .

cfTd;+odof]ufUgf} h'êlt 1fgbLlkt] ..@&..

csf{ of]uLhg OlGb|ox¿sf ;Dk"0f{ lj|mofx¿nfO{ clg k|f0fx¿sf ;d:t lj|mofx¿nfO{ 1fgn] k|sflzt cfTd;+od–of]u ¿k clUgdf xjg ug]{ ub{5g\ ..@&..

b|Joo1f:tkf]o1f of]uo1f:tyfk/] .

:jfWofo1fgo1fá otoM ;+lztj|tfM ..@*..

s'g} k'?if b|Jo;DaGwL o1 ug]{jfnf x'G5g\, sltko tk:of¿k o1 ug]{jfnf 5g\ tyf c¿ sltko of]u¿k o1 ug]{jfnf 5g\, sltko t clx+;flb tLI0f j|tx¿n] o'Qm oTgzLn k'?if :jfWofo¿k 1fgo1 ug{]jfnf 5g\ ..@*..

ckfg] h'êlt k|f0f+ k|f0f]›kfg+ tyfk/] .

k|f0ffkfgutL ?b\Wjf k|f0ffofdk/fo0ffM ..@(..

ck/] lgotfxf/fM k|f0ffGk|f0f]if' h'êlt .

;j]{›Ko]t] o1ljbf] o1IflktsNdiffM ..#)..

clg c¿ sltko of]uLhg ckfgjfo'df k|f0fjfo'nfO{ xjg ub{5g\, To;}u/L cGo of]uLhg k|f0fjfo'df ckfgjfo'sf] xjg ub{5g\, tyf cGo sltko lgoldt cfxf/ ug{] k|f0ffofdk/fo0f k'?if k|f0f / ckfgsf] ultnfO{ /f]s]/ k|f0fnfO{ k|f0fd} xjg ub{5g\ . oL ;a} ;fwsx¿ o1x¿åf/f kfkx¿sf] gfz ug]{ / o1x¿nfO{ hfÙ]jfnf 5g\ ..@(–#)..

o1lz¨fd[te'hf] oflGt a|é ;gftgd\ .

gfo+ nf]sf]›:Too1:o s'tf]›GoM s'?;Qd ..#!..

x] s'?>]i7 ch'{g  ¤ o1af6 ar]sf] cd[tsf] cg'ej ug]{ of]uLhg ;gftg k/a|é k/dfTdfdf k'Ub5g\ . clg o1 gug]{jfnf k'?ifsf nflu t of] dg'ionf]s klg ;'vbfos 5}g, To;f] x'gfn] k/nf]s ltgnfO{ s;/L ;'vbfos x'g ;S5 / <..#!..

Pj+ ax'ljwf o1f ljttf a|é0ff] d'v] .

sd{hflGjl4 tfG;jf{g]j+ 1fTjf ljdf]Io;] ..#@..

o:t} k|sf/n] c¿ klg w]/} lsl;dsf o1sf] af/]df j]bsf] jf0fLdf lj:tf/k"j{s elgPsf] 5 . tL ;a}nfO{ ltdL dg, OlGb|o / z/L/sf lj|mofåf/f ;DkÙ x'g] x'g\ eg]/ hfg, o;k|sf/ tŒjb]lv hfg]/ ltgsf] cg'©fgåf/f ltdL sd{aGwgaf6 ;j{yf d'Qm x'g]5f} ..#@..

>]ofGb|JodofB1fH1fgo1M k/Gtk .

;j+{ sdf{lvn+ kfy{ 1fg] kl/;dfKot] ..##..

x] k/Gtk ch'{g  ¤ b|Jodo o1sf] ck]Iff 1fgo1 cToGt >]© 5, tyf ojGdfq ;Dk"0f{ sd{ 1fgd} ;dfKt x'g k'Ub5g\ ..##..

tlål4 k|l0fkft]g kl/k|Zg]g ;]jof .

pkb]IolGt t] 1fg+ 1flgg:tŒjblz{gM ..#$..

1fgnfO{ ltdL tŒjbzL{ 1fgLx¿sf ;dLkdf uP/ a'em, ltgnfO{ elnefFtL b08jt\–k|0ffd ugf{n], pgsf] ;]jf ugf{n] clg sk6 5f8]/ ;/ntfk"j{s k|Zg ugf{n] tL k/dfTd tŒjnfO{ elnefFtL hfÙ]jfnf 1fgL dxfTdfn] ltdLnfO{ To; tŒj1fgsf] pkb]z ug]{5g\ ..#$..

oH1fTjf g k'gdf]{xd]j+ of:ol; kf08j .

o]g e"tfGoz]if]0f b|Io:ofTdGoyf] dlo ..#%..

h;nfO{ hfg]/ km]l/ ltdL o;k|sf/ df]xdf kg]{5}gf}, tyf x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g 1fg kfP/ ltdL ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿nfO{ lgMz]ifefjn] klxn] cfkm"df / clg kl5 d ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf b]Vg]5f} ..#%..

clk r]bl; kfk]EoM ;j]{EoM kfks[QdM .

;j{+ 1fgKnj]g}j j[lhg+ ;Gtl/iol; ..#^..

ltdLn] cGo ;a} kfkLx¿eGbf klg clws kfk u/]sf /x]5f} eg] klg ltdL 1fg¿k gf}sfåf/f lgM;Gb]x ;Dk"0f{ kfk;d'b|af6 elnefFtL kf/ eP/ hfg]5f} ..#^..

oy}wf+l; ;ld4f]›lUge{:d;fTs'?t]›h'{g .

1fgflUgM ;j{sdf{l0f e:d;fTs'?t] tyf ..#&..

lsgeg] x] ch'{g  ¤ h;/L k|Hjlnt clUgn] OGwgnfO{ e:ddo ul/lbG5, To;/L g} 1fg¿k clUgn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ e:ddo ul/lbG5 ..#&..

g lx 1fg]g ;b[z+ kljqldx ljBt] .

tT:jo+ of]u;+l;4M sfn]gfTdlg ljGblt ..#*..

o; ;+;f/df 1fgsf ;dfg kljq ug{;Sg] rLh lgM;Gb]x g} s]xL klg 5}g . 1fgnfO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv sd{of]uåf/f cGtMs/0f z'4 ePsf] dg'ion] cfkm}Fcfkm cfTdfdf k|fKt ub{5 ..#*..

>4fjfFNnet] 1fg+ tTk/M ;+ot]lGb|oM .

1fg+ nAWjf k/f+ zflGtdlr/]0fflwuR5lt ..#(..

lht]lGb|o, ;fwgk/fo0f tyf >4fjfg\ dg'io g} 1fg;Dd k'Ub5 tyf 1fg;Dd k'u]/ pm ljnDaa]u/ eujTk|flKt¿k k/d zflGtdf k'Ub5 ..#(..

c1áf>2wfgá ;+zofTdf ljgZolt .

gfo+ nf]sf]›l:t g k/f] g+ ;'v+ ;+zofTdgM ..$)..

ljj]sxLg clg >4f/lxt ;+zoo'Qm dg'io k/dfy{af6 cjZo e|¨ x'g]5 . o:tf] ;+zoo'Qm dg'iosf nflu g of] nf]s 5, g k/nf]s 5, g t ;'v g} 5 ..$)..

of]u;+Go:tsdf{0f+ 1fg;l~5Ù;+zod\ .

cfTdjGt+ g sdf{l0f lgaWglGt wg~ho ..$!..

x] wg~ho ¤ h;n] sd{of]usf] ljlwaf6 ;d:t sd{x¿nfO{ k/dfTdfdf ck{0f ul/lbPsf] 5 / h;n] ljj]såf/f ;d:t ;+zox¿nfO{ gfz ul/lbPsf] 5, o:tf] jzdf ul/Psf] cGtMs/0fjfnf k'?ifnfO{ sd{n] afFWb}g ..$!..

t:dfb1fg;De"t+ XT:y+ 1fgfl;gfTdgM .

l5Œj}g+ ;+zo+ of]udflt©f]lQ© ef/t ..$@..

o;}n] x] e/tj+zL ch'{g  ¤ ltdL Xbodf l:yt o; c1fghlgt cfkm\gf ;+zonfO{ ljj]s1fg¿k t/af/åf/f 5]bg u/]/ ;dTj¿k sd{of]udf l:yt xf]pm, / o'4sf nflu v8f xf]pm ..$@..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] 1fgsd{;+Gof;of]uf] gfd rt'yf]{›WofoM ..$..

)))

 

 

ç

cy k~rdf]›WofoM ..%..

ch'{g pjfr

;+Gof;+ sd{0ff+ s[i0f k'gof]{u+ r z+;l; .

oR5«]o Ptof]/]s+ tGd] a|"lx ;'lglátd\ ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] s[i0f ¤ tkfOF{ sd{x¿sf] ;+Gof;sf] / km]l/ sd{of]usf] k|z+;f ug'{x'G5 . o;sf/0f oL b'O{dWo] h'grflxF d]/f nflu vf; sNof0fsf/s ;fwg xf], Tof]rflxF eÙ'xf];\ ..!..

>Leujfg'jfr

;+Gof;M sd{of]uá lgM>]o;s/fj'ef} .

tof]:t' sd{;+Gof;fTsd{of]uf] ljlziot] ..@..

>L eujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– sd{;+Gof; / sd{of]u oL b'j} k/d sNof0f ug{]jfnf 5g\, k/Gt' oL b'O{dWo] klg sd{;+Gof;eGbf sd{of]urflxF ;fwgdf ;'ud x'gfn] >]© 5 ..@..

1]oM ; lgTo;+Gof;L of] g å]l¨ g sfª\Iflt .

lgå{Gåf] lx dxfafxf] ;'v+ aGwfTk|d'Rot] ..#..

x] ch'{g  ¤ hf] k'?if g s;};Fu å]if ub{5 g s;}af6 cfsfª\Iff ub{5, Tof] sd{of]uL ;bf ;+Gof;L g} ;Demg of]Uo 5, lsgeg] /fuå]ifflb åGåaf6 /lxt k'?if ;'vk"j{s ;+;f/aGwgaf6 d'Qm eP/ hfG5 ..#..

;fª\Voof]uf} k[yUafnfM k|jblGt g kl08tfM .

PsdKofl:ytM ;Dou'eof]lj{Gbt] kmnd\ ..$..

pko'{Qm ;+Gof; / sd{of]unfO{ kl08thgx¿n] xf]Og, d"v{x¿n] rflxF k[ys\–k[ys\ kmn lbg]jfnf x'g\ eGb5g\, lsgeg] b'j}dWo] Psdf dfq klg ;Dos\ k|sf/n] l:yt k'?if b'j}sf] kmn¿k k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ub5 ..$..

oT;fª\Vo}M k|fKot] :yfg+ tBf]u}/lk uDot] .

Ps+ ;fª\Vo+ r of]u+ r oM kZolt ; kZolt ..%..

1fgof]uLx¿åf/f hf] k/dwfd k|fKt ul/G5, sd{of]uLx¿åf/f klg ToxL k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf/0f hf] k'?if 1fgof]u / sd{of]unfO{ kmn¿kdf Ps} b]Vt5, pxL oyfy{ b]Vt5 ..%..

;+Gof;:t' dxfafxf] b'MvdfKt'dof]utM .

of]uo'Qmf] d'lga|{é glr/]0fflwuR5lt ..^..

k/Gt' x] ch'{g  ¤ sd{of]uljgf ;+Gof; cyf{t\ dg, OlGb|o / z/L/åf/f x'g] u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿df stf{kgsf] Tofu k|fKt x'g sl7g 5, / eujT:j¿knfO{ dgg ug{] ePsf] sd{of]uL k/a|é k/dfTdfdf zL3| g} k'Ub5 ..^..

of]uo'Qmf] ljz'4fTdf ljlhtfTdf lht]lGb|oM .

;j{e"tfTde"tfTdf s'j{Ùlk g lnKot] ..&..

h;sf] dg cfkm\gf] jzdf 5, hf] lht]lGb|o Pjd\ cGtMs/0f ljz'4 ePsf] 5 / h;sf] cfTdf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] cfTd¿k k/dfTdf xf], o:tf] sd{of]uL sd{ ul//x]sf] a]nfdf klg lnKt x'Fb}g ..&..

g}j lsl~rTs/f]dLlt o'Qmf] dGo]t tŒjljt\ .

kZo~ð[0jG:k[zl~h3|ÙZgGuR5G:jk~à;g\ ..*..

k|nklGj;[hGu[íÙ'lGdiflÙldifÙlk .

OlGb|of0fLlGb|ofy]{if' jt{Gt Olt wf/og\ ..(..

tŒjnfO{ lrÙ] ePsf ;fª\Voof]uLn] t b]Vt} eP klg, ;'Gb} eP klg, :kz{ ub}{ eP klg, ;F'£b} eP klg, ef]hg ub}{ eP klg, af]Nb} eP klg, TofUb} eP klg, u|x0f ub{} eP klg tyf cfFvf v'Nn} /fv] klg jf aGb u/]sf] eP klg d}n] s]xL ul//x]sf] 5}g eÙ] efj lnPsf] x'G5 . To;}u/L p;n] s'/fsfgL ubf{, lj;h{g ubf{, u|x0f ubf{, cfFvfn] x]bf{ of cfFvf lrDnFbf klg ef}lts OlGb|ox¿ cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf ljifodf nflu/x]sf x'g] eP klg d oL ;a}af6 cnUu 5' eÙ] ljrf/ ub{5 ..*–(..

a|é0ofwfo sdf{l0f ;Í+ ToSTjf s/f]lt oM .

lnKot] g ; kfk]g kßkqldjfDe;f ..!)..

h'g k'?ifn] ;a} sd{x¿nfO{ k/dfTdfdf ck{0f u/]/ clg cf;lQm Tofu]/ sd{ ub{5, ;f] k'?if hndf eP/ klg sdnsf] kft cf]efgf] /x]em}F kfkaf6 cnUu /xG5 ..!)..

sfo]g dg;f a'4Øf s]jn}l/lGb|o}/lk .

of]lugM sd{ s'j{lGt ;Í+ ToSTjfTdz'4o] ..!!..

sd{of]uL JolQm ddTja'l4/lxt OlGb|o, dg, a'l4 / z/L/åf/f klg cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]/ s]jn cGtMs/0fsf] z'l4sf nflu sd{ ub{5 ..!!..

o'QmM sd{kmn+ ToSTjf zflGtdfKgf]lt g}l©sLd\ .

co'QmM sfdsf/]0f kmn] ;Qmf] lgaWot] ..!@..

sd{of]uL JolQm sd{x¿sf kmn Tofu u/]/ eujTk|flKt¿k zflGtdf k'Ub5 / ;sfd k'?if sfdgfsf k|]/0ffn] kmndf cf;Qm eP/ afFlwG5 ..!@..

;j{sdf{l0f dg;f ;+Go:of:t] ;'v+ jzL .

gjåf/] k'/] b]xL g}j s'j{Ù sf/og\ ..!#..

h;sf] cGtMs/0f jzdf 5, To:tf] ;fª\Voof]usf] cfr/0f ug]{ k'?if sd{ gu/Lsg / gu/fO{sg klg gjåf/o'Qm z/L/¿kL 3/df ;a} sd{x¿nfO{ dgaf6 Tofu]/ cfgGbk"j{s ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf l:yt /xG5 ..!#..

g st[{Tj+ g sdf{l0f nf]s:o ;[hlt k|e'M .

g sd{kmn;+of]u+ :jefj:t' k|jt{t] ..!$..

k/d]à/n] dg'iox¿df g t stf{kgsf], g sd{x¿sf] cyjf g sd{kmnsf ;+of]usf] g} /rgf ub{5g\, pgn] k|s[lt dfq Jojxf/df NofpF5g\ ..!$..

gfbQ] s:olrTkfk+ g r}j ;'s[t+ lje'M .

c1fg]gfj[t+ 1fg+ t]g d'èlGt hGtjM ..!%..

;j{JofkL k/d]à/n] klg g s;}sf kfksd{nfO{ g s;}sf z'esd{nfO{ g} u|x0f ub{5g\, lsGt' c1fgåf/f 1fg 9flsPsf] 5, To;}n] ;a} c1fgL dg'io df]lxt eO/x]sf 5g\ ..!%..

1fg]g t' tb1fg+ o]iff+ gflztdfTdgM .

t]iffdflbTojH1fg+ k|sfzolt tTk/d\ ..!^..

k/Gt' h;sf] Tof] c1fg k/dfTdfsf] tŒj1fgaf6 g¨ ul/Psf] 5, p;sf] To; 1fgn] ;"o{em{F ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfnfO{ k|sflzt ul/lbG5 ..!^..

tb\a'4o:tbfTdfg:tlÙ©f:tTk/fo0ffM .

uR5GTok'g/fj[lQ+ 1fglgw"{tsNdiffM ..!&..

ha a'l4 k/dtŒj k/dfTdfsf] cg'¿k x'G5, dg'iox¿sf] dg a'l4cg'¿k x'G5 / ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf dfq pgLx¿sf] dg–a'l4 lg/Gt/ PsfsLefjn] l:yt x'G5 . o:tf tTk/fo0f k'?if 1fgåf/f kfk/lxt eP/ ck'g/fj[lQ cyf{t\ k/dultdf k'Ub5g\ ..!&..

ljBfljgo;DkÙ] a|fé0f] ulj xl:tlg .

z'lg r}j àkfs] r kl08tfM ;dblz{gM ..!*..

tL 1fgLhg ljBf / ljgoo'Qm a|fé0f jf ufO{, xfQL, s's'/ / rf08fndf klg ;dfg b[l¨ /fVt5g\ ..!*..

Ox}j t}lh{tM ;uf]{ o]iff+ ;fDo] l:yt+ dgM .

lgbf]{if+ lx ;d+ a|é t:dfb\ a|él0f t] l:ytfM ..!(..

h;sf] dg ;defjdf l:yt 5, ltgn] o; hLljt cj:yfd} ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/ lht]sf 5g\, lsgls ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdf lgbf]{if Pjd\ ;d 5g\ / tL dflg; ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf l:yt 5g\ .

g k|Xio]lTk|o+ k|fKo gf]låh]Tk|fKo rflk|od\ .

l:y/a'l4/;Dd"9f] a|éljb\ a|él0f l:ytM ..@)..

hf] k'?if lk|o j:t' kfP/ xlif{t x'Fb}g, / clk|o j:t' kfpFbf plåUg x'Fb}g, Tof] l:y/a'l4, ;+zo/lxt, a|éj]Qf k'?if ;lRrbfgGb3g k/a|é k/dfTdfdf PsLefjn] lgTo l:yt /xG5 .

afè:kz]{ij;QmfTdf ljGbTofTdlg oT;'vd\ .

; a|éof]uo'QmfTdf ;'vdIfodZg't] ..@!..

aflx/sf ljifox¿df cf;lQm/lxt cGtMs/0fo'Qm ;fws cfTdfdf l:yt hf] Wofghlgt ;flŒjs cfgGb 5, To;}df k'Ub5 . o;kl5 ;lRrbfgGb3g k/a|é k/dfTdfsf] Wofg¿k of]udf cleÙefjdf l:yt eP/ ;f] k'?if cIfo cfgGbsf] cg'ej ub{5 ..@!..

o] lx ;+:kz{hf ef]uf b'Mvof]go Pj t] .

cfBGtjGtM sf}Gt]o g t]if' /dt] a'wM ..@@..

oL OlGb|o tyf ljifox¿sf ;+of]un] pTkÙ x'g] h]–hlt ef]u 5g\, ljifoL k'?ifx¿nfO{ oL ;'v¿kn] k|s6 x'G5g\ t/ klg b'Mvs} x]t' x'g\ / cflb–cGToo'Qm cyf{t\ clgTo 5g\ . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g ¤ a'l4dfg\ ljj]sL k'?if ltgdf /dfpFb}g ..@@..

zSgf]tLx}j oM ;f]9'+ k|fSz/L/ljdf]If0fft\ .

sfdj|mf]wf]b\ej+ j]u+ ; o'QmM ; ;'vL g/M ..@#..

hf] ;fws o; dg'ioz/L/df z/L/sf] gfz x'g'eGbf klxNo} sfd–j|mf]wn] pTkÙ x'g] j]unfO{ ;xg ug{df ;dy{ x'G5g\, ltg} k'?if of]uL x'g\, clg ltg} ;'vL x'g\ ..@#..

of]›GtM ;'vf]›Gt/f/fd:tyfGtHof]{lt/]j oM .

; of]uL a|élgjf{0f+ a|ée"tf]›lw uR5lt ..@$..

hf] k'?if cGt/fTdfb]lv g} ;'vL 5, cfTdfd} /d0f ub{5 tyf hf] 1fg ePsf] 5, pm ;lRrtfgGb3g k/a|é k/dfTdfsf ;fy PsLefjdf k'u]/ ;fª\Voof]uL zfGt a|édf k'Ub5 ..@$..

neGt] a|élgjf{0fd[ifoM IfL0fsNdiffM .

l5Ùå}wf otfTdfgM ;j{e"tlxt] /tfM ..@%..

h;sf ;a} kfk g¨ ePsf 5g\, h;sf ;a} ;+zo 1fgåf/f lgj[Q ePsf 5g\, hf] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf lxtdf /t 5g\ / h;sf lhltPsf dg lgZrnefjn] k/dfTdfdf l:yt 5g\, tL a|éj]Qf k'?if zfGt a|édf k'Ub5g\ ..@%..

sfdj|mf]wljo'Qmfgf+ otLgf+ otr]t;fd\ .

cletf] a|élgjf{0f+ jt{t] ljlbtfTdgfd\ ..@^..

sfdj|mf]wn] /lxt, lrQ lht]/ /x]sf, k/a|é k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ u/]sf 1fgL k'?ifsf nflu ;a}lt/af6 zfGt k/a|é k/dfTdf g} kl/k"0f{ x'G5g\ .

:kzf{Gs[Tjf alxaf{èf+áIf'á}jfGt/] e|'jf]M .

k|f0ffkfgf} ;df} s[Tjf gf;fEoGt/rfl/0ff} ..@&..

ot]lGb|odgf]a'l4d'{lgdf]{Ifk/fo0fM .

ljut]R5feoj|mf]wf] oM ;bf d'Qm Pj ;M ..@*..

aflx/sf ljifoef]ux¿sf] lrGtg gu/L ltgnfO{ aflx/} lgsfn]/ / g]qx¿sf b[l¨nfO{ e[s'6Lsf aLrdf l:yt u/]/ tyf gfl;sfdf ljr/0f ug]{ ePsf] k|f0f / ckfgjfo'nfO{ ;d u/]/, h;sf OlGb|ox¿, dg / a'l4 lhltPsf 5g\, o:tf hf] df]Ifk/fo0f d'lgx¿ OR5f, eo / j|mf]wb]lv /lxt ePsf x'G5g\, ltgL ;bf d'Qm g} x'g\ .

ef]Qmf/+ o1tk;f+ ;j{nf]sdx]à/d\ .

;'Xb+ ;j{e"tfgf+ 1fTjf df+ zflGtd[R5lt ..@(..

d]/f eQmx¿ dnfO{ ;a} o1 / tkx¿ ef]Ug] ePsf], ;Dk"0f{ nf]sx¿sf O{à/x¿sf] klg O{à/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ e"t–k|f0fLx¿sf] ;'Xb\ cyf{t\ :jfy{/lxt bofn' Pjd\ k|]dL eÙ] tŒj hfg]/ zflGtdf k'Ub5g\ .

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] sd{;+Gof;of]uf] gfd k~rdf]›WofoM ..%..

)))

 

 

ç

cy if©f]›WofoM ..^..

>L eujfg'jfr

cgfl>tM sd{kmn+ sfo{+ sd{ s/f]lt oM .

; ;+Gof;L r of]uL r g lg/lUgg{ rflj|moM ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– hf] k'?if sd{kmnsf] cf>o glnP/ ug{ of]Uo sd{ ub{5, Tof] ;+Gof;L / of]uL xf] clg s]jn clUgsf] Tofu ug]{jfnf ;+Gof;L xf]Og tyf s]jn lj|mofx¿sf] Tofu ug{]jfnf klg of]uL xf]Og ..!..

o+ ;+Gof;ldlt k|fx'of]{u+ t+ ljl4 kf08j .

g è;+Go:t;ËNkf] of]uL ejlt s~rg ..@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ h]nfO{ ;+Gof; o:tf] elgG5, To;}nfO{ ltdL of]u xf] eg]/ hfg, lsgeg] ;ËNkx¿sf] Tofu gug]{ s'g} klg JolQm of]uL x'Fb}g ..@..

cf??Iff]d'{g]of]{u+ sd{ sf/0fd'Rot] .

of]uf¿9:o t:o}j zdM sf/0fd'Rot] ..#..

of]udf cf¿9 x'g] OR5f ePsf dggzLn k'?ifsf nflu of]usf] k|flKtdf lgisfdefjn] sd{ ug'{nfO{ g} x]t' elgG5, / of]uf¿9 x'gf;fy To; of]uf¿9 JolQmsf] hf] ;j{;ËNkx¿sf] cefj 5, ToxL sNof0fnfO{ x]t' eg]/ elgG5 ..#..

obf lx g]lGb|ofy]{if' g sd{:jg'ifHht] .

;j{;ËNk;+Gof;L of]uf¿9:tbf]Rot] ..$..

;j{;ËNkx¿sf] TofuL k'?if h'g ;dodf g OlGb|ox¿sf ef]ux¿df g t sd{x¿df g} cf;Qm x'G5, p; ;dodf TofuL k'?ifnfO{ of]uf¿9 elgG5 ..$..

p4/]bfTdgfTdfg+ gfTdfgdj;fbo]t\ .

cfTd}j èfTdgf] aGw'/fTd}j l/k'/fTdgM ..%..

cfkm}Fn] cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/;d'b|af6 p4f/ u/, cfkm"nfO{ cwf]ultdf gv;fpm, lsgeg] dg'io cfkm" g} cfkm\gf] ldq xf] clg cfkm" g} cfkm\gf] zq' xf] ..%..

aGw'/fTdfTdg:t:o o]gfTd}jfTdgf lhtM .

cgfTdg:t' zq'Tj] jt]{tfTd}j zq'jt\ ..^..

h'g hLjfTdfn] dg / OlGb|o;lxt z/L/nfO{ lht]sf] x'G5, To; hLjfTdfsf] t Tof] cfkmF} ldq xf] / h;n] dg tyf OlGb|o;lxt z/L/ lht]sf] 5}g, p;sf nflu Tof] cfkm}F cfkm\gf nflu zq'sf ;dfg Jojxf/ ub{5 ..^..

lhtfTdgM k|zfGt:o k/dfTdf ;dflxtM .

zLtf]i0f;'vb'Mv]if' tyf dfgfkdfgof]M ..&..

hf8f]–udL{ tyf ;'v–b'Mvdf, dfg / ckdfgdf h;sf] cGtMs/0fsf j[lQx¿ elnefFtL zfGt 5g\, o:tf :jfwLg cfTdf ePsf k'?ifsf 1fgdf ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdf ;Dos\ k|sf/n] l:yt x'g'x'G5, cyf{t\ p;sf] 1fgdf k/dfTdfafx]s cGo s]xL x'Fb} x'Fb}g ..&..

1fglj1fgt[KtfTdf s"6:yf] ljlht]lGb|oM .

o'Qm OTo'Rot] of]uL ;dnf]¨fZdsf~rgM ..*..

h;sf] cGtMs/0f 1fglj1fgn] t[Kt 5, h;sf] l:ylt ljsf//lxt 5, h;sf OlGb|ox¿ elnefFtL lhltPsf 5g\ / h;sf nflu df6f], 9'Íf / ;'j0f{ ;dfg 5g\, Tof] of]uL o'Qm cyf{t\ eujTk|fKt xf], o:tf] elgG5 ..*..

;'XlGdqfo'{bf;LgdWo:yå]ioaGw'if' .

;fw'ijlk r kfk]if' ;da'l4lj{lziot] ..(..

;'Xb -:jfy{/lxt eP/ ;a}sf] enf] ug{]_, ldq, j}/L, pbf;Lg -kIfkft/lxt_, dWo:y -b'j}tkm{sf] enfO rfxg]_, å]io / aGw'u0fdf, wdf{Tdfx¿df / kfkLx¿df klg hf] ;dfgefj /fVg] ub{5, pm cToGt >]© 5 ..(..

of]uL o'~hLt ;ttdfTdfg+ /xl; l:ytM .

PsfsL otlrQfTdf lg/fzL/kl/u|xM ..!)..

dg / OlGb|o;lxt z/L/nfO{ jzdf /fVg], cfzf/lxt / ;ª\u|x/lxt of]uLn] PSn} PsfGt :yfgdf l:yt eP/ cfTdfnfO{ lg/Gt/ k/dfTdfdf nufpg" ..!)..

z'rf} b]z] k|lt©fKo l:y/df;gdfTdgM .

gfTo'lR5«t+ gfltgLr+ r}nflhgs'zf]Q/d\ ..!!..

z'4 e"lddf, h;dfly j|mdzM s'z, d[urd{ / j:q la5ØfOPsf] 5, hf] g Hofbf cUnf] 5 / g Hofbf xf]rf], o:tf] cfkm\gf] cf;gnfO{ l:y/ :yfkgf u/]/– ..!!..

tq}sfu|+ dgM s[Tjf otlrQ]lGb|olj|moM .

pkljZof;g] o'~HofBf]udfTdljz'4o] ..!@..

To; cf;gdfly a;]/ lrQ / OlGb|ox¿sf lj|mofx¿nfO{ jzdf /fv]/ dgnfO{ Psfu| u/]/ cGtMs/0fsf] z'l4sf nflu of]usf] cEof; ug"{ ..!@..

;d+ sfolz/f]u|Lj+ wf/oÙrn+ l:y/M .

;Dk|]Io gfl;sfu|+ :j+ lbzáfgjnf]sog\ ..!#..

sfof, lz/ / unfnfO{ ;dfg Pjd\ crn wf/0f u/]/ clg l:y/ eP/, cfkm\gf] gfl;sfsf] cu|efudf b[l¨ l:y/ u/]/ cGo lbzfx¿tkm{ gx]/L– ..!#..

k|zfGtfTdf ljuteLa|{érfl/j|t] l:ytM .

dgM ;+oDo dlRrQf] o'Qm cf;Lt dTk/M ..!$..

a|éro{ j|tdf l:yt, eo/lxt tyf elnefFtL zfGt cGtMs/0fo'Qm ;fjwfg of]uLn] dgnfO{ /f]s]/ ddf lrQ nufO{ d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ l:yt xf]cf];\ ..!$..

o'~hÙ]j+ ;bfTdfg+ of]uL lgotdfg;M .

zflGt+ lgjf{0fk/df+ dT;+:yfdlwuR5lt ..!%..

dgnfO{ jzdf /fv]sf] of]uLn] o;k|sf/ cfTdfnfO{ lg/Gt/ d k/d]à/sf] :j¿kdf nufO/x]/ ddf /xg] k/dfgGbsf] k/fsf©f¿k zflGtdf k'Ub5 ..!%..

gfToZgt:t' of]uf]›l:t g r}sfGtdgZgtM .

g rflt :jKgzLn:o hfu|tf] g}j rfh'{g ..!^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ of] of]u g t w]/} vfg]x¿df, g laNs'n} gvfg]x¿df, g w]/} ;'Tg]x¿df, g t ;bf hfuf /xg]x¿df g} l;4 x'G5 ..!^..

o'Qmfxf/ljxf/:o o'Qmr]¨:o sd{;' .

o'Qm:jKgfjaf]w:o of]uf] ejlt b'Mvxf ..!&..

b'Mvx¿nfO{ gfz ug{] ePsf] of]u t oyfof]Uo cfxf/–ljxf/ ug]{x¿sf], sd{x¿df oyfof]Uo r]¨f ug]{x¿sf] / oyfof]Uo ;'Tg] / hfUg]x¿sf] g} l;4 x'G5 ..!&..

obf ljlgot+ lrQdfTdGo]jfjlt©t] .

lgM:k[xM ;j{sfd]Eof] o'Qm OTo'Rot] tbf ..!*..

cToGt jzdf /fv]sf] lrQ h'g sfndf k/dfTdfd} k"0f{¿kdf l:yt eP/ hfG5, To; sfndf ;Dk"0f{ ef]ux¿af6 :k[xf/lxt k'?if of]uo'Qm xf], o:tf] elgG5 ..!*..

oyf bLkf] lgjft:yf] g]Ít] ;f]kdf :d[tf .

of]lugf] otlrQ:o o'~htf] of]udfTdgM ..!(..

h;k|sf/ jfo'/lxt :yfgdf l:yt bLks rnfodfg x'Fb}g, p;} k|sf/sf] pkdf k/dfTdfsf] Wofgdf nfu]sf] of]uLsf] ljlht lrQsf] af/]df eÙ ;lsG5 ..!(..

oqf]k/dt] lrQ+ lg?4+ of]u;]jof .

oq r}jfTdgfTdfg+ kZoÙfTdlg t'iolt ..@)..

;'vdfTolGts+ oQb\a'l4u|fèdtLlGb|od\ .

j]lQ oq g r}jfo+ l:ytánlt tŒjtM ..@!..

o+ nAWjf rfk/+ nfe+ dGot] gflws+ ttM .

ol:dlG:ytf] g b'Mv]g u'?0fflk ljrfNot] ..@@..

t+ ljBfb\ b'Mv;+of]uljof]u+ of]u;l~1td\ .

of]ufEof;åf/f dflg;sf] dg ef}lts, dfgl;s lj|mofaf6 k"0f{tof ;+oldt x'G5 . oxL cj:yfnfO{ ;dflw jf l;l4sf] cj:yf eGb5g\ . o;df dflg;n] z'4 dgn] cfkm}FnfO{ b]Vg ;Qm5, :jfb lng ;Qm5 / cfkm}Fdf cfglGbt x'g ;Qm5 . oxL g} k"0f{tfsf] cj:yf xf] . To; cfgGbdo l:yltdf pm cfkm\gf lbJo OlGb|ox¿åf/f c;Ld lbJo ;'vsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Qm5 . o;/L :yflkt ePsf] dflg; slxNo} klg ;Toaf6 8Ub}g . of] ;'v k|fKt ePkl5 p;nfO{ c¿ s'g} ;'vn] cfslif{t ug{ ;Qm}g . o:tf] l:yltdf cjl:yt x'g k'u]kl5 dflg; 7"nfeGbf 7"nf sl7gfOx¿df klg ljrlnt x'Fb}g . of] lgM;Gb]x ef}lts ;+;u{sf sf/0fn] pTkÙ ;d:t b'Mvx¿af6 x'g] jf:tljs d'lQm xf] ..@)–@# k"jf{4{ ..

; lgáo]g of]QmJof] of]uf]›lglj{00fr]t;f ..@#..

;ËNkk|ejfGsfdf+:ToSTjf ;jf{gz]iftM

dg;}j]lGb|ou|fd+ ljlgoDo ;dGttM ..@$..

dflg; b[9;ËNk lnP/ >4fk"j{s of]u cEof;df nfuf];\ / To; kyaf6 ljrlnt gxf]cf];\ . p;n] dgf]dfgLaf6 pTkÙ ;d:t OR5fx¿ klg lg/kjfb ¿kn] Tofu u/f];\ clg o; k|sf/ dgåf/f ;a}tkm{af6 OlGb|ox¿nfO{ lgoGq0f u/f];\ ..@# pQ/fw{–@$..

zg}M zg}?k/d]b\a'4Øf w[ltu[xLtof .

cfTd;+:y+ dgM s[Tjf g lsl~rblk lrGto]t\ ..@%..

la:tf/}la:tf/} cEof; ub}{ cfTdljàf;k"j{s a'l4sf dfWodaf6 j|mdzM ;dflwdf l:y/ x'g'kb{5 clg o;/L dgnfO{ cfTdfdf l:y/ ug'{kb{5, c¿ s]xL klg ;f]Rg'x'Fb}g ..@%..

otf] otf] lgá/lt dgá~rndl:y/d\ .

tt:ttf] lgoDo}tbfTdGo]j jz+ go]t\ ..@^..

dg cfkm\gf] r~rn / cl:y/ :jefjsf sf/0fn] htfhtf ljr/0f ug{ k'Ub5, To;nfO{ Totfaf6 tfg]/ cfkm\gf] jzdf Nofpg'kb{5 ..@^..

k|zfGtdg;+ è]g+ of]lug+ ;'vd'Qdd\ .

pk}lt zfGt/h;+ a|ée"tdsNdifd\ ..@&..

lsgeg] h;sf] dg k"0f{¿kdf zfGt 5, hf] kfkaf6 /lxt 5, / h;sf] /hf]u'0f zfGt ePsf] 5, o:tf] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|ésf ;fy PsLefj ePsf] of]uLnfO{ pQd cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 ..@&..

o'~hÙ]j+ ;bfTdfg+ of]uL ljutsNdifM .

;'v]g a|é;+:kz{dToGt+ ;'vdZg't] ..@*..

Tof] kfk/lxt of]uL o;k|sf/ lg/Gt/ cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfdf nufO/x]/ ;'vk"j{s k/a|é k/dfTdfsf] k|flKt¿k cgGt cfgGbsf] cg'ej ub{5 ..@*..

;j{e"t:ydfTdfg+ ;j{e"tflg rfTdlg .

O{Ift] of]uo'QmfTdf ;j{q ;dbz{gM ..@(..

;j{JofkL cgGt r]tgdf PsfsL efjn] l:ylt¿k of]uo'Qm cfTdf ePsf] tyf ;a}df ;defjn] b]Vg] of]uL cfTdfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df l:yt / ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿nfO{ cfTdfdf slNkt b]Vt5 ..@(..

of] df+ kZolt ;j{q ;j{+ r dlo kZolt .

t:ofx+ g k|0fZofld ; r d] g k|0fZolt ..#)..

hf] k'?if ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df ;a}sf] cfTd¿k d jf;'b]jnfO{ g} JofKt b]Vt5 / ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿nfO{ d jf;'b]jcGtu{t b]Vt5, p;sf nflu d cb[Zo x'ÙF / pm d]/f nflu klg cb[Zo x'Fb}g ..#)..

;j{e"tl:yt+ of] df+ ehTo]sTjdfl:ytM .

;j{yf jt{dfgf]›lk ; of]uL dlo jt{t] ..#!..

hf] k'?if PsLefjdf l:yt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df cfTd¿kn] l:yt d ;lRrbfgGb3g jf;'b]jnfO{ eHb5, Tof] of]uL ;a} k|sf/n] Jojxf/ ul//x] klg d}df Jojxf/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 ..#!..

cfTdf}kDo]g ;j{q ;d+ kZolt of]›h'{g .

;'v+ jf olb jf b'Mv+ ; of]uL k/df] dtM ..#@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ hf] of]uL cfkm"h:t} u/L ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df ;d b]Vt5, / ;'v cyjf b'MvnfO{ klg ;a}df ;d b]Vt5, Tof] of]uL k/d >]© dflgPsf] 5 ..#@..

ch'{g pjfr

of]›o+ of]u:Tjof k|f]QmM ;fDo]g dw';"bg .

Pt:ofx+ g kZofld r~rnTjflT:ylt+ l:y/fd\ ..##..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] dw';"bg ¤ hf] of] of]u xh'/n] ;defjn] eÙ'ePsf] 5, dg r~rn x'gfn] d o;sf] lgTo l:yltnfO{ b]lVtgF ..##..

r~rn+ lx dgM s[i0f k|dfly anjb\b[9d\ .

t:ofx+ lgu|x+ dGo] jfof]l/j ;'b'is/d\ ..#$..

lsgeg] x] s[i0f ¤ of] dg a8f] r~rn, k|dyg :jefjsf], Psbd b[9 / anjfg\ 5 . o;sf/0f d o;nfO{ jzdf ug'{ eg]sf] jfo'nfO{ /f]Sg'a/fa/ cToGt b'is/ dfGb5' .

>Leujfg'jfr

c;+zo+ dxfafxf] dgf] b'lg{u|x+ rnd\ .

cEof;]g t' sf}Gt]o j}/fUo]0f r u[èt] ..#%..

>L eujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] dxfafxf] ¤ lgM;Gb]x dg r~rn / sl7gtfn] jzdf x'G5 . k/Gt' x] s'GtLk'q ch'{g  ¤ of] cEof; / j}/fUoaf6 jzdf cfpFb5 ..#%..

c;+otfTdgf of]uf] b'ik|fk Olt d] dltM .

jZofTdgf t' ottf zSof]›jfKt'd'kfotM ..#^..

h;sf] dg lgoGq0fdf 5}g, To:tf] k'?ifåf/f of]u b'ik|fKo 5, / jzdf /flvPsf] dg ePsf k|oTgzLn k'?ifåf/f ;fwgaf6 Tof] k|fKt ug{ ;xh 5– of] d]/f] dt xf] ..#^..

ch'{g pjfr

coltM >4of]k]tf] of]ufRrlntdfg;M .

ck|fKo of]u;+l;l4+ sf+ ult+ s[i0f uR5lt ..#&..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] s[i0f ¤ hf] of]udf >4f /fVt5g\, lsGt' ;+odL 5}gg\ / o;sf sf/0f h;sf] dg cGtsfndf of]uaf6 ljrlnt ePsf] 5, o:tf ;fwsx¿ of]usf] l;l4nfO{ cyf{t\ eujt\;fIffTsf/;Dd k'Ug g;s]/ s'g ultdf k'Ub5g\ <..#&..

slRrÙf]eolje|¨lZ5Ùfe|ldj gZolt .

ck|lt©f] dxfafxf] ljd"9f] a|é0fM kly ..#*..

x] dxfafxf] ¤ s] Tof] eujt\k|flKtsf] dfu{df df]lxt clg cf>o/lxt k'?if l5ÙleÙ afbnsf em}F b'j}lt/af6 e|i6 eP/ g¨ t x'Fb}g <..#*..

PtGd] ;+zo+ s[i0f 5]Q'dx{:oz]iftM .

TjbGoM ;+zo:of:o 5]Qf g è'kkBt] ..#(..

x] >Ls[i0f ¤ d]/f] o; ;+zonfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kn] 5]bg ug{sf nflu tkfOF{ g} of]Uo x'g'x'G5, lsgeg] xh'/afx]s csf]{ o; ;+zonfO{ 5]bg ug{]jfnf e]6\g ;Dej 5}g ..#(..

>L eujfg'jfr

kfy{ g}j]x gfd'q ljgfz:t:o ljBt] .

g lx sNof0fs[Tsláb\b'u{lt+ tft uR5lt ..$)..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] kfy{ ¤ To; k'?ifsf] g t o; nf]sdf gfz x'G5 g t k/nf]sd} . lsgeg] x] Kof/] ¤ cfTdf]4f/sf nflu cyf{t\ eujt\k|flKtsf nflu sd{ ug{] sf]xL klg dg'io b'u{ltdf kb{}g ..$)..

k|fKo k'0os[tf+ nf]sfg'lifTjf zfàtLM ;dfM .

z'rLgf+ >Ldtf+ u]x] of]ue|¨f]›lehfot] ..$!..

of]ue|¨ k'?if k'0ojfg\x¿sf nf]sx¿df cyf{t\ :juf{lb pQd nf]sx¿df k'u]/, ToxfF w]/} jif{;Dd lgjf; u/]/ km]l/ z'4 cfr/0f ePsf] >Ldfg\ k'?ifx¿sf] 3/df hGd lnG5 .

cyjf of]lugfd]j s'n] ejlt wLdtfd\ .

Ptl4 b'n{et/+ nf]s] hGd obLb[zd\ ..$@..

cyjf j}/fUojfg\ Tof] k'?if tL nf]sx¿df guP/ 1fgjfg\ of]uLx¿s} s'ndf hGd lnG5 . k/Gt' o;k|sf/sf] of] h'g hGd xf], o; ;+;f/df lgM;Gb]x g} cToGt b'n{e 5 ..$@..

tq t+ a'l4;+of]u+ net] kf}j{b]lxsd\ .

ott] r ttf] e"oM ;+l;4f} s'?gGbg ..$#..

ToxfF klxnf] z/L/df ;ª\u|x ul/Psf] a'l4;+of]u cyf{t\ ;da'l4¿k of]usf ;+:sf/x¿ cgfof; g} k|fKt eOxfNb5 / x] s'?gGbg ¤ To;sf] k|efjn] pm km]l/ k/dfTdfsf] k|flKt¿k l;l4sf nflu klxn]eGbf cem a9L k|oTg ub{5 ..$#..

k"jf{Eof;]g t]g}j lîot] èjzf]›lk ;M .

lh1f;'/lk of]u:o zAba|éfltjt{t] ..$$..

pQm >Ldfg\x¿sf 3/df hGd lng k'u]sf] of]ue|¨ k'?if k/fwLg eP/ klg tL klxn]sf cEof;x¿n] g} lgM;Gb]x eujfg\sf tkm{ cfslif{t ul/G5, tyf ;da'l4¿k of]usf] lh1f;' klg j]bdf elgPsf ;sfd sd{x¿sf kmnx¿nfO{ gf£b5 ..$$..

k|oTgfBtdfg:t' of]uL ;+z'4lslNaifM .

cg]shGd;+l;4:ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..$%..

k/Gt' k|oTgk"j{s cEof; ug]{ of]uL t cl3Nnf cg]s hGdx¿sf ;+:sf/ann] o;} hGddf ;+l;4 eP/ ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 /lxt eO{ tTsfn g} k/dultdf k'Ub5 ..$%..

tkl:jEof]›lwsf] of]uL 1flgEof]›lk dtf]›lwsM .

sld{Eoáflwsf] of]uL t:dfBf]uL ejfh'{g ..$^..

of]uLx¿ tk:jLx¿eGbf >]© x'g\, zf:q1fgLx¿eGbf klg >]© dflgPsf 5g\ / ;sfd sd{ ug]{x¿eGbf klg of]uL g} >]© x'g\ . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL of]uL ag ..$^..

of]lugfdlk ;j]{iff+ db\ut]gfGt/fTdgf .

>4fjfGeht] of] df+ ; d] o'Qmtdf] dtM ..$&..

;Dk"0f{ of]uLx¿df klg hf] >4fjfg\ of]uL ddf clk{t eP/ cGt/fTdfaf6} dnfO{ lg/Gt/ eHb5, Tof] of]uL dnfO{ k/d >]© dfGo 5 ..$&..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] cfTd;+odof]uf] gfd if©f]›WofoM ..^..

)))

 

 

ç

cy ;Ktdf]›WofoM

>L eujfg'jfr

døof;QmdgfM kfy{ of]u+ o'~hGdbf>oM .

c;+zo+ ;du|+ df+ oyf 1f:ol; tR5[0f' ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] kfy{ ¤ cgGok|]dn] ddf cf;QmlrQ tyf cgGoefjn] d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ of]udf nfu]sf ltdL h; k|sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ lje"lt, an, P]àof{lb u'0fx¿n] o'Qm, ;a}sf cfTd¿k dnfO{ ;+zo/lxt hfÙ]5f}, Tof] ;'g ..!..

1fg+ t]›x+ ;lj1fgldb+ jIofDoz]iftM .

oH1fTjf g]x e"of]›GoH1ftJodjlziot] ..@..

d ltd|f nflu lj1fg;lxtsf] of] tŒj1fg ;Dk"0f{ of eg"Fnf, h'g hfg]kl5 ;+;f/df km]l/ c¿ s]xL klg hfÙ of]Uo z]if /xg]5}g ..@..

dg'iof0ff+ ;x;|]if' sláBtlt l;4o] .

ottfdlk l;4fgf+ sláGdf+ j]lQ tŒjtM ..#..

xhf/fF} dg'iox¿df s'g} Ps d]/f] k|flKtsf nflu oTg ub{5g\, clg tL oTg ug{] of]uLx¿df klg sf]xL Ps d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ dnfO{ tŒjaf6} cyf{t\ oyfy{¿kaf6 hfGb5g\ ..#..

e"ld/fkf]›gnf] jfo'M v+ dgf] a'l4/]j r .

cxËf/ OtLo+ d] leÙf k|s[lt/¨wf ..$..

ck/]oldt:TjGof+ k|s[lt+ ljl4 d] k/fd\ .

hLje"tf+ dxfafxf] oo]b+ wfo{t] hut\ ..%..

d]/L k|s[lt k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', cfsfz, dg, a'l4 / cxËf/– o;k|sf/ oL cf7 k|sf/n] ljeflht 5g\ . oL cf7 k|sf/sf e]bx¿ ePsL t ck/f cyf{t\ d]/L h8 k|s[lt x'g\ . clg x] dxfafxf] ¤ o;afx]s csf]{, h;af6 of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ wf/0f ul/Psf] x'G5, d]/L hLj¿kf k/f cyf{t\ r]tg k|s[lt 5g\ eg]/ a'em ..$–%..

PtBf]gLlg e"tflg ;jf{0fLTo'kwf/o .

cx+ s[T:g:o hutM k|ejM k|no:tyf ..^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL of] ;Dem ls ;Dk"0f{ e"t oL b'j} k|s[ltx¿af6} pTkÙ x'g] x'g\ / d ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] k|ej tyf k|no x'F, cyf{t\ ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] d"n sf/0f x'F ..^..

dQM k/t/+ gfGolTsl~rbl:t wg~ho .

dlo ;j{ldb+ k|f]t+ ;"q] dl0fu0ff Oj ..&..

x] wg~ho ¤ daf6 leÙ csf]{ s'g} klg k/d sf/0f 5}g . of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ dfnfdf df]tL u'FlyPh:t} ddf u'FlyPsf] 5 ..&..

/;f]›xdK;' sf}Gt]o k|efl:d zlz;"o{of]M .

k|0fjM ;j{j]b]if' zAbM v] kf}?if+ g[if' ..*..

x] ch'{g  ¤ d hndf /; x'F, rGb|df / ;"o{df k|sfz x'F ;Dk"0f{ j]bx¿df çsf/ x'F cfsfzdf zAb / k'?ifx¿df k'?ifTj x'F ..*..

k'0of] uGwM k[lyJof+ r t]háfl:d ljefj;f} .

hLjg+ ;j{e"t]if' tkáfl:d tkl:jif' ..(..

d k[YjLdf kljq uGw clg clUgdf t]h x'F tyf ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df d ltgLx¿sf] hLjg x'F / ;fy} tk:jLx¿df d tk x'F ..(..

aLh+ df+ ;j{e"tfgf+ ljl4 kfy{ ;gftgd\ .

a'l4a'{l4dtfdl:d t]h:t]hl:jgfdxd\ ..!)..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf] ;gftg aLh x'F eg]/ dnfO{ g} hfg . d a'l4dfg\x¿sf] a'l4 / t]h:jLx¿sf] t]h x'F ..!)..

an+ anjtf+ rfx+ sfd/fuljjlh{td\ .

wdf{lj?4f] e"t]if' sfdf]›l:d e/tif{e ..!!..

x] e/t>]© ¤ d anjfg\x¿sf cf;lQm clg sfdgfx¿n] /lxt an cyf{t\ ;fdYo{ x'F / ;a} e"tx¿df wd{sf cg's"n cyf{t\ zf:qsf cg's"n sfd x'F ..!!..

o] r}j ;flŒjsf efjf /fh;f:tfd;fá o] .

dQ Pj]lt tflGjl4 g Tjx+ t]if' t] dlo ..!@..

c¿ klg hf] ;Œju'0faf6 pTkÙ x'g]jfnf efj 5g\ / hf] /hf]u'0faf6 tyf tdf]u'0faf6 pTkÙ x'g] efj 5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ltdLn] daf6} x'g]jfnf x'g\ eg]/ hfg, k/Gt' jf:tjdf ltgdf d / ddf tL 5}gg\ ..!@..

lqleu'{0fdo}ef{j}/]leM ;j{ldb+ hut\ .

df]lxt+ gflehfgflt dfd]EoM k/dJood\ ..!#..

u'0fx¿sf sfo{¿k ;flŒjs, /fh; / tfd;– oL tLg} k|sf/sf efjx¿af6 of] ;f/f ;+;f/– k|f0fL;d'bfo df]lxt eO/x]sf] 5, o;sf/0f oL tLg} u'0fx¿af6 k/ d cljgfzLnfO{ lrGb}gg\ ..!#..

b}jL è]iff u'0fdoL dd dfof b'/Toof .

dfd]j o] k|kBGt] dfofd]tf+ t/lGt t] ..!$..

lsgls of] cnf}lss cyf{t\ clt cb\e't lqu'0fdoL d]/L dfof a8f] b':t/ -kf/ tg{ sl7g_ 5], k/Gt' hf] k'?if s]jn dnfO{ g} lg/Gt/ eHb5g\, ltgLx¿ o; dfofnfO{ pNnÎg ul/lbG5g\, cyf{t\ ;+;f/af6 t/L hfG5g\ ..!$..

g df+ b'is[ltgf] d"9fM k|kBGt] g/fwdfM .

dfoofkXt1fgf cf;'/+ efjdfl>tfM ..!%..

dfofåf/f h;sf] 1fg xfl/;s]sf] 5, To:tf] cf;'/–:jefjnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf dg'iox¿df gLr, b"lift sd ug{]jfnf d"9 dflg;x¿ dnfO{ eHb}gg\ ..!%..

rt'lj{wf ehGt] df+ hgfM ;'s[ltgf]›h'{g .

cftf]{ lh1f;'/yf{yL{ 1fgL r e/tif{e ..!^..

x] e/tj+zLx¿df >]i7 ch'{g  ¤ pQd sd{ ug{]jfnf cyf{yL{ -;f+;fl/s kbfy{x¿sf nflu eHg]x¿_, cft{ -;Ë6 lgjf/0fsf nflu eHg]x¿_, lh1f;' -dnfO{ oyfy{¿kn] hfÙ] OR5fn] eHg]x¿_ / 1fgL– o:tf rf/ k|sf/sf eQmhg dnfO{ eHb5g\ ..!^..

t]iff+ 1fgL lgToo'Qm PselQmlj{lziot] .

lk|of] lx 1flggf]›Toy{dx+ ; r dd lk|oM ..!&..

ltgLx¿dWo] ddf PsLefjn] l:yt cgGo k|]d elQm ePsf 1fgL eQm clt pQd x'g\, lsgeg] dnfO{ tŒjb]lv g} hfÙ] 1fgLsf nflu d cToGt lk|o x'F clg tL 1fgL d]/f nflu cToGt lk|o 5g\ ..!&..

pbf/fM ;j{ Pj}t] 1fgL TjfTd}j d] dtd\ .

cfl:ytM ; lx o'QmfTdf dfd]jfg'Qdf+ ultd\ ..!*..

oL ;a} pbf/ 5g\, k/Gt' 1fgL t ;fIfft\ d]/f :j¿k g} x'g\, o:tf] d]/f] dt 5, lsgeg] tL db\ut dg–a'l4 ePsf 1fgL eQm clt pQd ult:j¿k ddf g} /fd|f];Fu l:yt 5g\ ..!*..

ax"gf+ hGdgfdGt] 1fgjfGdf+ k|kBt] .

jf;'b]jM ;j{ldlt ; dxfTdf ;'b'n{eM ..!(..

w]/} hGdsf] cGTosf] hGddf -dg'io h'gL kfPsf_ tŒj1fg k|fKt k'?ifn] ;a}yf]s jf;'b]j g} x'g\ eÙ] k|sf/n] dnfO{ eHb5g\, To:tf dxfTdf cToGt b'n{e 5g\ ..!(..

sfd}:t}:t}X{t1fgfM k|kBGt]›Gob]jtfM .

t+ t+ lgoddf:yfo k|s[Tof lgotfM :jof ..@)..

tL–tL ef]ux¿sf sfdgfn] h;sf] 1fg k/flht eO;s]sf] 5, ltgLx¿ cfkm\gf] :jefjn] k|]l/t eP/ tL–tL lgodx¿ wf/0f u/]/ cGo b]jtfx¿nfO{ eHb5g\, cyf{t\ k'Hb5g\ ..@)..

of] of] of+ of+ tg'+ eQmM >4oflr{t'ldR5lt .

t:o t:ofrnf+ >4f+ tfd]j ljbwfDoxd\ ..@!..

hf]–hf] ;sfd eQm h'g–h'g b]jtfsf :j¿kx¿ >4fk"j{s k'Hg rfxG5g\, tL–tL eQmx¿sf] >4fnfO{ d ltg} b]jtfk|lt l:y/ ub{5' ..@!..

; tof >4of o'Qm:t:of/fwgdLxt] .

net] r ttM sfdfGdo}j ljlxtflGx tfg\ ..@@..

Tof] k'?if >4fn] o'Qm eP/ tL b]jtfsf] k"hg ub{5, clg tL b]jtfaf6 d}åf/f ljwfg ul/Psf tL OlR5t ef]ux¿nfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..@@..

cGtjQ' kmn+ t]iff+ tb\ejToNkd]w;fd\ .

b]jfGb]johf] oflGt db\eQmf oflGt dfdlk ..@#..

k/Gt' tL cNka'l4 ePsfx¿sf] Tof] kmn gfzjfg\ 5 tyf tL b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'Hg]x¿ b]jtfx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g] u5{g\ / d]/f eQm rfx] h;/L eh"g\, cGTodf ltgn] dnfO{ g} k|fKt ug{]5g\ ..@#..

cJoQm+ JolQmdfkÙ+ dGoGt] dfda'4oM .

k/+ efjdhfgGtf] ddfJoodg'Qdd\ ..@$..

dnfO{ /fd|f];Fu glrÙ] a'l4xLg dflg;x¿ d k/dk'?if >Ls[i0fnfO{ klxn] lg/fsf/ ePsf] / clxn] ;fsf/ ¿k wf/0f u/]/ cfPsf] eÙ] 7fGb5g\ . cNk1fgL ePsf sf/0fn] ltgLx¿ d]/f] k/dcljgfzL / ;jf]{Rr k|s[ltnfO{ a'em\g ;Qm}gg\ ..@$..

gfx+ k|sfzM ;j{:o of]udfof;dfj[tM .

d"9f]›o+ gflehfgflt nf]sf] dfdhdJood\ ..@%..

cfkm\gL of]udfofn] l5k]sf] x'gfn] d ;a}sf nflu k|ToIf x'ÙF, o;sf/0f oL c1fgL hg;d'bfo hGd/lxt cljgfzL k/d]à/ dnfO{ hfGb}gg\, cyf{t\ dnfO{ hGdg]–dg{] g} xf] eG7fG5g\ ..@%..

j]bfx+ ;dtLtflg jt{dfgflg rfh'{g .

eljiofl0f r e"tflg df+ t' j]b g ság ..@^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ klxn] lat]/ uPsf, jt{dfgdf l:yt tyf eljiodf x'g] ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ d hfGb5', t/ dnfO{ s'g} klg >4f–elQm/lxt k'?ifn] hfÙ ;Qm}gg\ ..@^..

OR5få]if;d'Ty]g åGådf]x]g ef/t .

;j{e"tflg ;Ddf]x+ ;u]{ oflGt k/Gtk ..@&..

x] e/tj+zL ch'{g  ¤ ;+;f/df OR5f / å]ifn] pTkÙ ;'v–b'Mvflb åGå¿k df]xn] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL cToGt c1fgtfdf kl//xG5g\ ..@&..

o]iff+ TjGtut+ kfk+ hgfgf+ k'0osd{0ffd\ .

t] åGådf]xlgd{'Qmf ehGt] df+ b[9j|tfM ..@*..

k/Gt' lgisfdefjn] >]© sd{x¿sf] cfr/0f ug{] ePsf h'g k'?ifsf kfk g¨ ePsf 5g\, tL /fuå]ifhlgt åGå¿k df]xaf6 d'Qm b[9lgZroL eQmn] dnfO{ ;a} k|sf/n] eHb5g\ ..@*..

h/fd/0fdf]Iffo dfdfl>To otlGt o] .

t] a|é tlåb'M s[T:gdWofTd+ sd{ rflvnd\ ..@(..

hf] d]/f] z/0fdf k/]/ h/f -hGd_ / d/0faf6 d'Qm x'gsf nflu oTg ub{5g\, tL k'?if To; a|énfO{, ;Dk"0f{ cWofTdnfO{, ;Dk"0f{ sd{nfO{ hfGb5g\ ..@(..

;flwe"tflwb}j+ df+ ;flwo1+ r o] ljb'M .

k|of0fsfn]›lk r df+ t] ljb'o'{Qmr]t;M ..#)..

h'g k'?ifn] clwe"t / clwb}j;lxt tyf clwo1;lxt ;a}sf cfTd¿k dnfO{ cGtsfndf klg hfGb5g\, tL o'QmlrQ ePsf k'?ifn] dnfO{ hfGb5g\, cyf{t\ dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..#)..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] 1fglj1fgof]uf] gfd ;Ktdf]›WofoM ..&..

)))

 

ç

cyf¨df]›WofoM ..*..

ch'{g pjfr

ls+ tb\a|é lsdWofTd+ ls+ sd{ k'?iff]Qd .

clwe"t+ r ls+ k|f]Qmdlwb}j+ lsd'Rot] ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] k'?iff]Qd ¤ a|é eg]sf] s] xf] < cWofTd s] xf] < sd{ s] xf] < clwe"t gfdn] s]nfO{ elgPsf] xf], clg clwb}j s;nfO{ eGb5g\ < ..!..

clwo1M sy+ sf]›q b]x]›l:dGdw';"bg .

k|of0fsfn] r sy+ 1]of]›l; lgotfTdleM ..@..

x] dw';"bg ¤ oxfF clwo1 sf] xf] < clg Tof] o; z/L/df s;/L /x]sf] 5 < clg o'QmlrQ ePsf k'?ifåf/f xh'/ cGtsfndf s'g k|sf/n] hflgg'x'G5 < ..@..

>Leujfg'jfr

cIf/+ a|é k/d+ :jefjf]›WofTdd'Rot] .

e"tefjf]b\ejs/f] lj;u{M sd{;l~1tM ..#..

eujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– k/d cIf/ -gfz gx'g]_ ‘a|é’ xf] . cfkm\gf] :j¿k cyf{t\ hLjfTdfnfO{ ‘cWofTd’ elgG5 . e"t -k|f0fL_x¿df efjx¿ pTkÙ ug]{jfnf h'g Tofu 5g\, ltgnfO{ ‘sd{’ gfdn] hflgG5 ..#..

clwe"t+ If/f] efjM k'?ifáflwb}jtd\ .

clwo1f]›xd]jfq b]x] b]xe[tf+ j/ ..$..

pTklQ–ljgfz wd{ ePsf ;a} kbfy{ clwe"t x'g\ . lx/0do k'?if clwb}j x'g\ . x] b]xwf/Lx¿dWo]sf >]i7 ch'{g  ¤ o; z/L/df d jf;'b]j g} cGtof{dL ¿kn] clwo1 x'F ..$..

cGtsfn] r dfd]j :d/Gd'STjf sn]j/d\ .

oM k|oflt ; db\efj+ oflt gf:Toq ;+zoM ..%..

h'g k'?ifn] cGtsfndf klg dnfO{ :d/0f ub{} z/L/ Tofu ub{5, pm d]/f] ;fIfft\ :j¿k aGb5– o;df s'g} klg ;+zo 5}g ..%..

o+ o+ jflk :d/Gefj+ TohToGt] sn]j/d\ .

t+ td]j}lt sf}Gt]o ;bf tb\efjefljtM ..^..

x] s'GtLk'q ch'{g  ¤ dg'ion] cGtsfndf h]–h] efjx¿sf] :d/0f ub}{ z/L/ Tofu ub{5, ltg}ltg}df pm k'Ub5, lsgls pm hLjge/ To;} efjn] efljt eO/x]sf] 5 ..^..

t:dfT;j]{if' sfn]if' dfdg':d/ o'Wo r .

døolk{tdgf]a'l4df{d]j}io:o;+zod\ ..&..

o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL hltv]/} klg lg/Gt/ d]/f] :d/0f u/ clg o'4 klg u/ . o;k|sf/ ddf clk{t ul/Psf] dg–a'l4n] o'Qm eP/ ltdL lgM;Gb]x d g} x'g]5f} ..&..

cEof;of]uo'Qm]g r]t;f gfGoufldgf

k/d+ k'?if+ lbJo+ oflt kfyf{g'lrGtog\ ..*..

x] kfy{ ¤ k/d]à/sf] Wofgsf] cEof;¿k of]un] o'Qm, cGoq st} gef}Ftfl/g] lrQn] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ul//xg] dg'io k/d k|sfz¿k lbJo k'?if cyf{t\ k/d]à/d} k'u]/ ldNb5 . lgod oxL xf] ..*..

slj+ k'/f0fdg'zfl;tf/–

d0ff]/0fLof+;dg':d/]BM .

;j{:o wftf/dlrGTo¿k–

dflbToj0f{+ td;M k/:tft\ ..(..

h'g k'?ifn] ;j{1, cgflb, ;a}sf lgoGtf -cGtof{dL ¿kn] ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ z'e tyf cz'e sd{sf cg';f/ zf;g ug'{x'g]_, ;"IdeGbf klg clt ;"Id, ;a}nfO{ wf/0f–kf]if0f ug'{x'g], clrGTo:j¿k, ;"o{sf ;dfg lgTo r]tg k|sfz¿k Pjd\ cljBfaf6 clt k/, z'4 ;lRrbfgGb3g k/d]à/sf] :d/0f ub{5=== ..(..

k|of0fsfn] dg;frn]g

eSTof o'Qmf] of]uan]g r}j .

e|'jf]d{Wo] k|f0fdfj]Zo ;Dos\–

; t+ k/+ k'?ifd'k}lt lbJod\ ..!)..

Tof] elQmo'Qm k'?if cGtsfndf klg of]uann] cfFlvef}Fsf dfemaf6 k|f0fnfO{ 7Ls tl/sfn] :yflkt u/]/ clg lgZrn dgn] :d/0f ub{}ub{} To; lbJo¿k k/dk'?if k/dfTdfd} ldNb5 ..!)..

obIf/+ j]bljbf] jblGt

ljzlGt oBtof] jLt/fufM .

olbR5Gtf] a|éro{+ r/lGt

tQ] kb+ ;ª\u|x]0f k|jIo] ..!!..

j]b hfÙ] ljåfg\ h'g ;lRrbfgGb3g¿k k/dkbnfO{ cljgfzL eGb5g\, cf;lQm/lxt oTgzLn ;+Gof;L dxfTdfhg h;df k|j]z ub{5g\ clg h'g k/dkbsf] rfxgf ug{] ePsf a|érf/L hgx¿ a|éro{sf] cfr/0f ub{5g\, To; k/dkbsf] af/]df d ltd|f nflu ;ª\If]kdf eÙ]5' ..!!..

;j{åf/fl0f ;+oDo dgf] Xlb lg?Wo r .

d"WGof{wfofTdgM k|f0fdfl:ytf] of]uwf/0ffd\ ..!@..

;a} OlGb|ox¿sf åf/nfO{ /f]s]/ cyf{t\ jf;gfx¿af6 cnu /x]/ dgnfO{ Xbodf l:yt u/]/ k|f0f cyf{t\ cGtMs/0fsf] Jofkf/nfO{ dl:tisdf lg/f]w u/]/, of]unfO{ lgTo wf/0f u/]/ ====..!@..

cf]ldTo]sfIf/+ a|é Jofx/Gdfdg':d/g\ .

oM k|oflt TohGb]x+ ; oflt k/df+ ultd\ ..!#..

h'g k'?ifn] Ps cIf/¿k a|é -‘ç’_ sf] pRrf/0f ub{} / o;sf] cy{:j¿k d lgu'{0f a|ésf] lrGtg ub}{ z/L/ Tofu ub{5, To; k'?ifn] k/dult k|fKt ub{5 ..!#..

cgGor]tfM ;tt+ of] df+ :d/lt lgTozM .

t:ofx+ ;'neM kfy{ lgToo'Qm:o of]lugM ..!$..

x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g k'?if ddf cgGolrQ eP/ ;bf lg/Gt/ d k'?iff]QdnfO{ :d/0f ub{5, To; lgTo–lg/Gt/ ddf o'Qm ePsf] of]uLsf nflu d ;'ne 5', cyf{t\ To;nfO{ d ;xh} k|fKt eOxfN5' ..!$..

dfd'k]To k'gh{Gd b'Mvfnodzfàtd\ .

gfKg'jlGt dxfTdfgM ;+l;l4+ k/df+ utfM ..!%..

k/d l;l4 k|fKt ePsf dxfTdfhgn] dnfO{ k|fKt u/]kl5 b'Mvx¿sf] 3/ Pjd\ If0feª\u'/ k'gh{Gd lnO/xg'kb{}g ..!%..

cfa|ée'jgfNnf]sfM k'g/fjlt{gf]›h'{g .

dfd'k]To t' sf}Gt]o k'gh{Gd g ljBt] ..!^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ a|énf]safx]s ;a} nf]s k'g/fjtL{ 5g\ . k/Gt' x] s'GtLk'q ¤ oL ;a} a|éflbsf nf]s sfnåf/f ;Lldt ePsf x'gfn] clgTo 5g\, t/ dnfO{ k|fKt u/]kl5 k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g, lsgls d sfnftLt x'F ...!^..

;x;|o'uko{Gtdxo{b\a|é0ff] ljb'M .

/flq+ o'u;x;|fGtf+ t]›xf]/fqljbf] hgfM ..!&..

a|éfsf] h'g Ps lbg xf], Tof] Ps xhf/ rt'o{'uL;Ddsf] cjlw xf] / /flqsf] klg Ps xhf/ rt'o'{u cjlw xf] eg]/ h'g k'?if tŒj hfGb5g\, tL of]uLhg sfnsf] tŒjnfO{ oyfy{ hfGb5g\ .!&...

cJoQmfb\JoQmoM ;jf{M k|ejGTox/fud] .

/fœofud] k|nLoGt] tq}jfJoQm;~1s] ..!*..

;Dk"0f{ r/fr/ e"tu0f -k|f0fLdfq_ a|éfsf] lbgsf] k|j]zsfndf cJoQmaf6 cyf{t\ a|éfsf] ;"Id z/L/af6 pTkÙ x'G5g\ / a|éfsf] /flqsf] k|j]zsfndf To; cJoQmgfds a|éfsf ;"Id z/L/df nLg x'g k'U5g\ ..!*..

e"tu|fdM ; Pjfo+ e"Tjf e"Tjf k|nLot] .

/fœofud]›jzM kfy{ k|ejTox/fud] ..!(..

x] kfy{ ¤ ltg} e"t;d'bfo pTkÙ eP/ k|s[ltsf] jzdf ePsf] /flqsf] k|j]zsfndf nLg x'G5g\ / lbgsf] k|j]zsfndf km]l/ pTkÙ x'G5g\ ..!(..

k/:t:dfQ' efjf]›Gof]›JoQmf]›JoQmfT;gftgM .

oM ; ;j]{if' e"t]if' gZoT;' g ljgZolt ..@)..

To; cJoQmaf6 klg clt k/ h'g csf]{ cyf{t\ ljnIf0f ;gftg cJoQmefj 5, Tof] k/d lbJo k'?if ;a} e"tx¿ g¨ x'Fbf klg g¨ x'Fb}g ..@)..

cJoQmf]›If/ OTo'Qm:tdfx'M k/df+ ultd\ .

o+ k|fKo g lgjt{Gt] t4fd k/d+ dd ..@!..

h'g cJoQm ‘cIf/’ gfdn] elgPsf] 5, ;f]xL cIf/ gfds cJoQmefjnfO{ k/dult elgG5 tyf h'g ;gftg cJoQmefjdf k'u]/ dg'io kmsL{ cfpFb}g, ;f]xL :yfg d]/f] k/dwfd xf] ..@!..

k'?ifM ; k/M kfy{ eSTof nEo:TjgGoof .

o:ofGtM:yflg e"tflg o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ ..@@..

x] kfy{ ¤ h'g k/dfTdfcGtu{t ;j{e"t 5, / h'g ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfn] of] ;d:t hut\ kl/k"0f{ 5, Tof] ;gftg cJoQm k/dk'?if t cgGo elQmn] dfq} k|fKt ug{ of]Uo 5 ..@@..

oq sfn] Tjgfj[lQdfj[lQ+ r}j of]lugM .

k|oftf oflGt t+ sfn+ jIofld e/tif{e ..@#..

x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g sfndf z/L/ Tofu]/ uPsf of]uLhg kmsL{ cfpg gkg]{ ultdf / h'g sfndf uPsfx¿ kmsL{ cfpg'kg{] ultdf k|fKt x'G5g\, tL b'j} sfn cyf{t\ dfu{x¿sf] af/]df eÙ]5' .

clUgHof]{lt/xM z'SnM if0df;f pQ/fo0fd\ .

tq k|oftf uR5lGt a|é a|éljbf] hgfM ..@$..

h'g dfu{df Hof]ltd{o clUg–cledfgL b]jtf 5g\, lbgsf cledfgL b]jtf 5g\, z'SnkIfsf cledfgL b]jtf 5g\ / pQ/fo0fsf 5 dlxgfx¿sf cledfgL b]jtf 5g\, To; dfu{df d/]/ uPsf a|éj]Qf of]uLhgx¿ pko'{Qm b]jtfx¿åf/f j|md};Fu nlug] x'gfn] a|édf k|fKt x'G5g\ .

w"df] /flq:tyf s[i0fM if0df;f blIf0ffogd\ .

tq rfGb|d;+ Hof]ltof]{uL k|fKo lgjt{t] ..@%..

h'g dfu{df w"dfledfgL b]jtf 5g\, /flq cledfgL b]jtf 5g\ tyf s[i0fkIfsf cledfgL b]jtf 5g\ clg blIf0ffogsf 5 dlxgfsf cledfgL b]jtf 5g\, To; dfu{df d/]/ uPsf ;sfd sd{ ug{] of]uLx¿ pko'{Qm b]jtfx¿åf/f j|md};Fu nluP/ rGb|dfsf] Hof]ltdf k|fKt x'G5g\ / :ju{df cfkm\gf z'esd{x¿sf] kmn ef]u]/ kmsL{ cfpFb5g\ ..@%..

z'Sns[i0f] utL è]t] hutM zfàt] dt] .

Psof ofTogfj[lQdGoofjt{t] k'gM ..@^..

lsgeg] hut\sf z'Sn / s[i0f cyf{t\ b]jofg / lkt[ofg dfu{ b'O{ k|sf/sf ;gftg dfu{ dflgPsf 5g\ . logdWo] Ps dfu{af6 uPsf] of]uL, h;n] kms{]/ cfO/xg'kb{}g, k/dult k|fKt ub{5 / csf]{ dfu{åf/f uPsf] rflxF kmsL{ k'gM cfpFb5, cyf{t\ pm hGd–d[To'df kb{5 ..@^..

g}t] ;[tL kfy{ hfgGof]uL d'èlt ság .

t:dfT;j]{if' sfn]if' of]uo'Qmf] ejfh'{g ..@&..

x] kfy{ ¤ o;k|sf/ oL b'j} dfu{x¿nfO{ tŒjb]lv hfg]/ s'g} klg of]uL df]lxt x'Fb}gg\ . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdLn] ;a} sfndf ;da'l4¿k of]un] o'Qm xf]pm, cyf{t\ lg/Gt/ dnfO{ k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;fwgf ul//x" ..@&..

j]b]if' o1]if' tkM;' r}j

bfg]if' oTk'0okmn+ k|lb¨d\ .

cTo]lt tT;j{ldb+ ljlbTjf

of]uL k/+ :yfgd'k}lt rfBd\ ..@*..

of]uL k'?ifn] o; /x:onfO{ tŒj}b]lv hfg]/ j]bx¿ k9]/ tyf o1, tk / bfg cflb u/]/ h'g k'0okmn kfOG5 eg]sf 5g\, tL ;a} lg:;Gb]x pNnÎg u/]/ hfG5g\ clg ;gftg k/dkbdf k'Ub5g\ ..@*..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] cIf/a|éof]uf] gfdf¨df]›WofoM ..*..

)))

 

ç

cy gjdf]›WofoM ..(..

>L eujfg'jfr

Ob+ t' t] u'ètd+ k|jIofDog;"oj] .

1fg+ lj1fg;lxt+ oH1fTjf df]Io;]›z'eft\ ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– ltdL bf]ifb[l¨/lxt eQmsf nflu of] k/d uf]kgLo lj1fg;lxt 1fgsf] ljifodf d k'gM 5n{Í x'g]u/L eg"Fnf, h'g s'/f hfg]/ ltdL b'Mv¿k ;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g]5f} ..!..

/fhljBf /fhu'è+ kljqldbd'Qdd\ .

k|ToIffjud+ wDo{+ ;';'v+ st'{dJood\ ..@..

lj1fg;lxtsf] of] 1fg ;a} ljBfx¿sf] /fhf, ;a} uf]kgLox¿sf] /fhf, clt kljq, clt pQd, k|ToIf kmn lbg], wd{o'Qm, ;fwgf ug{sf nflu a8f] ;'ud / cljgfzL 5 ..@..

c>2wfgfM k'?iff wd{:of:o k/Gtk .

ck|fKo df+ lgjt{Gt] d[To';+;f/jTd{lg ..#..

x] k/Gtk ¤ dfly plNnlvt wd{df >4fn] /lxt k'?if ddf ;dflxt geP/ d[To'¿k ;+;f/rj|mdf e|d0f ul//xG5g\ ..#..

dof ttldb+ ;j{+ hubJoQmd"lt{gf .

dT:yflg ;j{e"tflg g rfx+ t]ijjl:ytM ..$..

d]/f] cJoQm :j¿kaf6 of] ;a} ;+;f/ JofKt 5 . ;a} k|f0fLx¿n] ddf g} :yfg kfPsf 5g\, t/ d pgLx¿df l:yt 5}g -lsgls d cJoQm ¿kdf l:yt 5' ._ ..$..

g r dT:yflg e"tflg kZo d] of]ud}à/d\ .

e"te[Ù r e"t:yf] ddfTdf e"tefjgM ..%..

j:t'tM ;a} e"t -hLjfTdf_ klg ddf l:yt 5}gg\, d]/f] O{à/Lo of]uzlQm x]/, e"tx¿sf] wf/0f–kf]if0f ug]{ / e"tx¿nfO{ pTkÙ ug]{ d]/f] cfTdf klg jf:tjdf e"tx¿df l:yt 5}g -lsgls pgLx¿ d/0fzLn 5g\ ._..%..

oyfsfzl:ytf] lgTo+ jfo'M ;j{quf] dxfg\ .

tyf ;jf{l0f e"tflg dT:yfgLTo'kwf/o ..^..

h;/L cfsfzaf6 pTkÙ ;j{q ljr/0f ug{] dxfg\ jfo' ;bf cfsfzd} l:yt x'G5, To;} u/L d]/f] ;ËNkåf/f pTkÙ x'gfn] ;Dk"0f{ e"t d}df l:yt 5g\ eg]/ hfg ..^..

;j{e"tflg sf}Gt]o k|s[lt+ oflGt dfldsfd\ .

sNkIfo] k'g:tflg sNkfbf} lj;[hfDoxd\ ..&..

x] ch'{g  ¤ sNkx¿sf cGTodf ;a} e"t d]/f] k|s[ltdf k'Ub5g\, cyf{t\ k|s[ltdf nLg x'G5g\ / sNkx¿sf] ;'?df d ltgLx¿sf] k'gM /rgf ub{5' ..&..

k|s[lt+ :jfdj¨Eo lj;[hfld k'gMk'gM .

e"tu|fdldd+ s[T:gdjz+ k|s[t]j{zft\ ..*..

cfkm\gf] k|s[ltnfO{ cÍLsf/ u/]/ :jefjsf] ann] k/tGq ePsf oL ;Dk"0f{ e"t;d'bfonfO{ d k6s–k6s ltgsf] sd{cg';f/ /rgf ub{5' ..*..

g r df+ tflg sdf{l0f lgaWglGt wg~ho .

pbf;Lgjbf;Lgd;Qm+ t]if' sd{;' ..(..

x] ch'{g  ¤ sd{df cf;lQm/lxt / pbf;Lgem}F l:yt d k/dfTdfnfO{ tL sd{n] afFWb}gg\ ..(..

dofWoIf]0f k|s[ltM ;"ot] ;r/fr/d\ .

x]t'gfg]g sf}Gt]o hulåkl/jt{t] ..!)..

x] ch'{g ¤ d clw©ftfsf] cWof; -Ps j:t'df csf]{ j:t'sf] 1fg g} cWof; xf] . 8f]/L b]Vtf ;k{sf] efg cWof; xf] ._ af6 g} k|s[lt r/fr/;lxt ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] /rgf x'G5 / o; p2]Zon] g} of] ;+;f/rj|m 3'ld/x]sf] 5 ..!)..

cjhfglGt df+ d"9f dfg'ifL+ tg'dfl>td\ .

k/+ efjdhfgGtf] dd e"tdx]à/d\ ..!!..

d]/f k/defjx¿ ghfÙ] d"9x¿ dflg;x¿sf] z/L/ wf/0f ug]{ d ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf dxfg\ O{à/nfO{ t'R5 7fGb5g\ cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] of]udfofn] ;+;f/sf] p4f/sf nflu dg'io¿kdf ljr/0f ul//x]sf] d k/d]à/nfO{ ;fwf/0f dg'io dfGb5g\ ..!!..

df]3fzf df]3sdf{0ff] df]31fgf ljr]t;M .

/fIf;Ldf;'/L+ r}j k|s[lt+ df]lxgL+ l>tfM ..!@..

ltgLx¿ Joy{sf] cfzf, Joy{sf] sd{ / Joy{sf] 1fg ePsf ljlIfKtlrQ c1fgLhg /fIf;L, cf;'/L / df]lxgL k|s[ltnfO{ g} wf/0f ul//xG5g\ ..!@..

dxfTdfg:t' df+ kfy{ b}jL+ k|s[ltdfl>tfM .

ehGTogGodg;f] 1fTjf e"tflbdJood\ ..!#..

k/Gt' x] s'GtLk'q ¤ b}jL k|s[ltdf cfl>t dxfTdfhg dnfO{ ;a} e"tx¿sf ;gftg sf/0f Pjd\ gfz/lxt cIf/:j¿k x'F eÙ] hfg]/ cgGo dgn] o'Qm eP/ lg/Gt/ eHb5g\ ..!#..

;tt+ sLt{oGtf] df+ otGtá b[9j|tfM .

gd:oGtá df+ eSTof lgToo'Qmf pkf;t] ..!$..

tL b[9lgZroL eQmhg lg/Gt/ d]/} gfd / u'0fx¿sf] sLt{g ub}{ / dnfO{ k6sk6s k|0ffd ub}{ ;bf d]/} Wofgdf lnKt /x]/ cgGo k|]dn] d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5g\ ..!$..

1fgo1]g rfKoGo] ohGtf] dfd'kf;t] .

PsTj]g k[ySTj]g ax'wf ljàtf]d'vd\ ..!%..

csf{ 1fgof]uL d lgu'{0f–lg/fsf/ a|énfO{ 1fgo1åf/f cleÙefjn] k"hg ub}{ eP/ klg d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5g\ / c¿ dg'iox¿ w]/} k|sf/n] l:yt d lj/f6\:j¿k k/d]à/sf] k[ys\ efjn] pkf;gf ub{5g\ ..!%..

cx+ j|mt'/x+ o1M :jwfxdxdf}ifwd\ .

dGqf]›xdxd]jfHodxdlUg/x+ x'td\ ..!^..

j|mt' -xjg_ d x'F, o1 d x'F, :jwf klg d} x'F . cf}iflw d x'F dGq d x'F 3[t d x'F clUg d x'F / xjg¿k lj|mof klg d g} x'F ..!^..

lktfxd:o hutf] dftf wftf lktfdxM .

j]B+ kljqdf]Ëf/ CS;fd oh'/]j r ..!&..

o; ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] wf/s Pjd\ sd{x¿sf] kmn lbg]jfnf, lktf, dftf, lktfdx, hfÙ nfos, kljq çsf/ tyf CUj]b, ;fdj]b / oh'j{]b klg d g} x'F ..!&..

ulte{tf{ k|e'M ;fIfL lgjf;M z/0f+ ;'Xt\ .

k|ejM k|noM :yfg+ lgwfg+ aLhdJood\ ..!*..

k|flKtof]Uo k/dwfd, e/0fkf]if0f ug]{, ;a}sf :jfdL, z'e–cz'e x]g{], ;a}sf] jf;:yfg, z/0f lng nfos, k|To'ksf/sf] rfxgf g/fvL lxt ug{], ;a}sf] pTklQ–k|nosf] x]t', l:yltsf] cfwf/, lgwfg tyf cljgfzL sf/0f klg d g} x'F ..!*..

tkfDoxdx+ jif{+ lgu[ífDo'T;[hfld r .

cd[t+ r}j d[To'á ;b;Rrfxdh'{g ..!(..

d g} ;"o{¿kn] tfk lbG5', jiff{nfO{ cfsif{0f ub{5' / To;nfO{ a;f{pF5' . x] ch'{g  ¤ d g} cd[t / d[To' x'F, ;t\–c;t\ klg d g} x'F ..!(..

q}ljBf df+ ;f]dkfM k"tkfkf–

o1}l/¨\jf :ju{lt+ k|fy{oGt] .

t] k'0odf;fB ;'/]Gb|nf]s–

dZglGt lbJoflGblj b]jef]ufg\ ..@)..

tLgj6} j]bx¿df ljwfg ul/Psf ;sfd sd{x¿ ug{], ;f]d/; lkpg], kfk/lxt k'?ifx¿ dnfO{ o1x¿åf/f k'h]/ :ju{sf] k|flKt rfxG5g\ . tL k'?ifx¿ cfkm\gf k'0ox¿sf] kmn¿k :ju{nf]sdf k|fKt eP/ :ju{df lbJo b]jtfx¿sf ;fy ef]ux¿ ef]Ub5g\ ..@)..

t] t+ e'STjf :ju{nf]s+ ljzfn+–

IfL0f] k'0o] dTo{nf]s+ ljzlGt .

Pj+ qoLwd{dg'k|kÙf–

utfut+ sfdsfdf neGt] ..@!..

tL dflg;x¿ Tof] ljzfn :ju{nf]s ef]u]/ k'0o IfL0f ePkl5 d[To'nf]sdf kmsL{ cfpFb5g\ . o;k|sf/ :ju{sf ;fwg¿k tLg j]bx¿df elgPsf ;sfd sd{sf] cf>o lng] clg ef]ux¿sf] sfdgf ug{] k'?ifx¿ af/Daf/ cfpg]–hfg] ul//xG5g\ ..@!..

cgGofláGtoGtf] df+ o] hgfM ko'{kf;t] .

t]iff+ lgTofleo'Qmfgf+ of]uIf]d+ jxfDoxd\ ..@@..

hf] cgGok|]dL eQmhg d k/d]à/nfO{ lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub{} lgisfdefjn] eHb5g\ lgTo–lg/Gt/ d]/f] lrGtg ug{] tL k'?ifx¿sf] of]u–If]d d cfkm}F k|fKt ul/lbG5' . -eujt\:j¿ksf] k|flKtsf] gfd ‘of]u’ xf] / eujt\k|flKtsf nflu ul/g] ;fwgsf] /Iffsf] gfd ‘If]d’ xf] ._ ..@@..

o]›KoGob]jtf eQmf ohGt] >4oflGjtfM .

t]›lk dfd]j sf}Gt]o ohGToljlwk"j{sd\ ..@#..

x] ch'{g  ¤ hf] >4fo'Qm ;sfd eQm cGofGo b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'Hb5g\, tL klg d}nfO{ k'lh/x]sf x'G5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] u/]sf] Tof] k"hg ljlwk"j{s ePsf] x'Fb}g ..@#..

cx+ lx ;j{o1fgf+ ef]Qmf r k|e'/]j r .

g t' dfdlehfglGt tŒj]gftZRojlGt t] ..@$..

;Dk"0f{ o1x¿sf] ef]Qmf / :jfdL klg d g} x'F . t/ pgLx¿ d k/d]à/nfO{ tŒj}b]lv hfGb}gg\, o;}sf/0f tL :ju{af6 -k'0okmn l;l4Pkl5_ ktg x'G5g\ / k'gh{Gd kfpFb5g\ ..@$..

oflGt b]jj|tf b]jflGktúGoflGt lkt[j|tfM .

e"tflg oflGt e"t]Hof oflGt dBflhgf]›lk dfd\ ..@%..

b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'Hg]x¿ b]jtfx¿df k|fKt x'G5g\, lkt[x¿nfO{ k'Hg]x¿ lkt[nf]sdf k|fKt x'G5g\, e"tx¿nfO{ k'Hg]x¿ e"tx¿df k|fKt x'G5g\ / dnfO{ k"hg ug{] eQmx¿ d}df ldNb5g\ . o;sf/0f d]/f eQmx¿sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g ..@%..

kq+ k'ik+ kmn+ tf]o+ of] d] eSTof k|oR5lt .

tbx+ eSTo'kXtdZgfld k|otfTdgM ..@^..

h'g;'s} eQmn] klg d]/f nflu k|]dk"j{s kq, k'ik, kmn, hn cflb ck{0f ub{5g\ eg] tL z'4a'l4 lgisfd k|]dL eQmn] k|]dk"j{s ck{0f u/]sf tL kq–k'ikflb d ;u'0f¿kn] k|s6 eP/ k|Lltk"j{s vfg] u5{' ..@^..

oTs/f]lif obZgfl; oHh'xf]lif bbfl; ot\ .

oQk:ol; sf}Gt]o tTs'?ij dbk{0fd\ ..@&..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL h] sd{ ub{5f}, h] vfG5f}, h] xjg ub{5f}, h] bfg lbG5f} / h] tk ub{5f}, Tof] ;a d}df ck{0f u/ ..@&..

z'efz'ekmn}/]j+ df]Io;] sd{aGwg}M .

;+Gof;of]uo'QmfTdf ljd'Qmf] dfd'k}iol; ..@*..

o;k|sf/ h]df ;d:t sd{x¿ d eujfg\sf nflu ck{0f x'G5g\, o:tf ;+Gof;of]un] o'Qm lrQ ePsf ltdL z'e–cz'e kmn¿k sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g]5f} / ltgLx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ d}df k|fKt x'g]5f} ..@*..

;df]›x+ ;j{e"t]if' g d] å]iof]›l:t g lk|oM .

o] ehlGt t' df+ eSTof dlo t] t]if' rfKoxd\ ..@(..

d ;a} e"tx¿df ;defjn] JofKt 5', g sf]xL d]/f] clk|o 5, g sf]xL lk|o 5, t/ h'g eQmn] dnfO{ k|]dk"j{s eHb5, Tof] d}df x'g]5 / d klg p;}df k|ToIf k|s6 x'G5' ..@(..

clk r]T;'b'/frf/f] eht] dfdgGoefs\ .

;fw'/]j ; dGtJoM ;DoUJojl;tf] lx ;M ..#)..

s'g} JolQm clt b'/frf/L /x]5 eg] klg olb p;n] cgGoefjn] d]/f] eQm eP/ dnfO{ eHof] eg] Tof] klg ;fw' g} dfÙ of]Uo x'G5, lsgls pm oyfy{ lgZro ePsf] JolQm xf] . cyf{t\ To;n] k/d]à/nfO{ eHg'a/fa/ csf{] s]xL klg sfo{ 5}g eÙ] s'/f kSsfkSsL lgZro u/]sf] 5 ..#)..

lIfk|+ ejlt wdf{Tdf zàR5flGt+ lguR5lt .

sf}Gt]o k|lt hfgLlx g d] eQmM k|0fZolt ..#!..

Tof] eQm l56} g} wdf{Tdf eOxfN5 / lr/ k/d zflGtdf k'Ub5 . x] ch'{g  ¤ d]/f] eQm g¨ x'Fb}g eÙ] ;To ltdL lgZrok"j{s hfg ..#!..

df+ lx kfy{ Jokfl>To o]›lk :o'M kfkof]goM .

l:qof] j}Zof:tyf z"b|f:t]›lk oflGt k/f+ ultd\ ..#@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ :qL, j}Zo, z"b| tyf kfkof]lg rf08fn cflb hf];'s} eP klg tL d]/f] z/0fdf cfP eg] k/dult g} k|fKt ub{5g\ ..#@..

ls+ k'ga|f{é0ffM k'0of eQmf /fhif{o:tyf .

clgTod;'v+ nf]sldd+ k|fKo eh:j dfd\ ..##..

olt elg;s]kl5 s] eÙ afFsL /xØf] /, k'0ozLn a|fé0f tyf /fhlif{ eQmhgx¿ t d]/f] z/0fdf k/]kl5 :jtM k/dult k|fKt ul/xfNb5g\ . ltdLn] ;'v/lxt / If0feª\u'/ o; dg'io z/L/nfO{ kfPsf 5f}, lg/Gt/ d]/} ehg u/ ..##..

dGdgf ej db\eQmf] dBfhL df+ gd:s'? .

dfd]j}iol; o'STj}jdfTdfg+ dTk/fo0fM ..#$..

ddf dg nufpm, d]/f] eQm ag, d]/f] k"hg u/, dnfO{ g} k|0ffd u/ . o;k|sf/ cfTdfnfO{ ddf lgo'Qm u/]kl5 d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ ltdL d}df

;lDdlnt x'g]5f} ..#$..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] /fhljBf/fhu'èof]uf] gfd gjdf]›WofoM ..(..

)))

 

ç

cy bzdf]›WofoM ..!)..

>L eujfg'jfr

e"o Pj dxfafxf] ð[0f' d] k/d+ jrM .

oQ]›x+ k|Lodf0ffo jIofld lxtsfDoof ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] dxfafxf] ¤ ltdL d]/f k/d /x:o / k|efjo'Qm jrgx¿ ;'g . ltdLn] ddf cltzo k|]d/fVg] x'gfn] oL jrgx¿ d ltd|f] enfOsf OR5fn] eÙ nfu]sf] 5' ..!..

g d] ljb'M ;'/u0ffM k|ej+ g dxif{oM .

cxdflblx{ b]jfgf+ dxifL{0ff+ r ;j{zM ..@..

d]/f] pTklQsf] af/]df cyf{t\ nLnfåf/f k|s6 ePsf] s'/fsf] af/]df g b]jtfx¿ hfGb5g\ g t dxlif{hg g} hfGb5g\, lsgeg] ;a} k|sf/n] d b]jtfx¿ / dxlif{x¿sf] klg cflbsf/0f x'F ..@..

of] dfdhdgflb+ r j]lQ nf]sdx]à/d\ .

c;Dd"9M ; dTo]{if' ;j{kfk}M k|d'Rot] ..#..

h;n] dnfO{ chGdf cyf{t\ jf:tjdf hGd/lxt, cgflb Pjd\ nf]sx¿sf] dxfg\ O{à/–tŒjsf] ¿kdf hfGb5g\, dg'iox¿dWo]sf tL 1fgjfg\ k'?if ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ hfG5g\ ..#..

a'l41f{gd;Ddf]xM Ifdf ;To+ bdM zdM .

;'v+ b'Mv+ ejf]›efjf] eo+ rfeod]j r ..$..

a'l4, oyfy{ 1fg, c;Dd"9tf, Ifdf, ;To, OlGb|ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fVg', dgsf] lgu|x tyf ;'v–b'Mv, pTklQ–k|no Pjd\ eo ====..$..

clx+;f ;dtf t'l¨:tkf] bfg+ ozf]›ozM .

ejlGt efjf e"tfgf+ dQ Pj k[ylUjwfM ..%..

==== clx+;f, ;dtf, ;Gtf]if, tk, bfg, sLlt{–cksLlt{ cflb h:tf k|f0fLx¿sf gfgf k|sf/sf efj daf6} l;h{gf x'G5g\ ..%..

dxif{oM ;Kt k"j]{ rTjf/f] dgj:tyf .

db\efjf dg;f hftf o]iff+ nf]s OdfM k|hfM ..^..

;Ktlif{ -of]usf ;ft j|mlds e"ldsfx¿– z'e]R5f, ;'ljrf/0ff, tg'dfg;f, ;TjfklQ, c;+;lQm, kbfyf{efjgf / t'o{uf_, tLeGbf klg cl3sf rf/ ;gsflb -cGtMs/ rt'¨o– dg, a'l4, lrQ / cxËf/_, :jfoDe'j cflb rf}w dg' oL ddf efj ck{g]x¿ ;asf ;a d]/} ;ËNkn] pTkÙ ePsf x'g\ . ;+;f/sf ;Dk"0f{ k|hfx¿ ltg}sf x'g\ ..^..

Ptf+ lje"lt+ of]u+ r dd of] j]lQ tŒjtM .

;f]›ljsDk]g of]u]g o'Hot] gfq ;+zoM ..&..

h'g k'?ifn] d]/f oL k/d]à}o{¿k lje"ltnfO{ / of]uzlQmnfO{ tŒjb]lv hfGb5g\ ltgLx¿ g} lgZrn elQmof]un] o'Qm x'G5g\, o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g ..&..

cx+ ;j{:o k|ejf] dQM ;j+{ k|jt{t] .

Olt dTjf ehGt] df+ a'wf efj;dlGjtfM ..*..

d jf;'b]j g} ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] pTklQsf] sf/0f x'F . daf6} of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ r]¨f ub{5 . o;k|sf/ a'em]/ >4f / elQmn] o'Qm a'l4dfg\ eQmhg d k/d]à/nfO{ g} lg/Gt/ eHb5g\ ..*..

dlRrQf db\utk|f0ff af]woGtM k/:k/d\ .

syoGtá df+ lgTo+ t'iolGt r /dlGt r ..(..

lg/Gt/ d}df dg nufpg] / d}df k|f0fx¿sf] ck{0f ug{] eQmhgx¿ d]/f] elQmsf] JofVofåf/f cfk;df d]/f k|efjx¿sf] ljifodf rrf{ ub}{ clg u'0f tyf k|efj;lxt d]/f] syf eGb} lg/Gt/ ;Gt'¨ x'G5g\ / d jf;'b]jd} lg/Gt/ /d0f ub{5g\ ..(..

t]iff+ ;tto'Qmfgf+ ehtf+ k|Lltk"j{sd\ .

bbfld a'l4of]u+ t+ o]g dfd'koflGt t] ..!)..

lg/Gt/ d]/f] Wofg cflbdf nfu]sf / k|]dk"j{s eHg] tL eQmx¿nfO{ d Tof] tŒj1fg¿k of]u lbG5', h;af6 pgLx¿ d}df k|fKt x'G5g\ ..!)..

t]iffd]jfg'sDkfy{dxd1fgh+ tdM .

gfzofDofTdefj:yf] 1fgbLk]g ef:jtf ..!!..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ltgLx¿pk/ cg'u|x ug{sf nflu pgsf cGtMs/0fdf l:yt eP/ d :jod\ g} ltgsf c1fghlgt cGwsf/nfO{ k|sfzdo tŒj1fg¿k bLksåf/f g¨ ul/lbG5' ..!!..

ch'{g pjfr

k/+ a|é k/+ wfd kljq+ k/d+ ejfg\ .

k'?if+ zfàt+ lbJodflbb]jdh+ lje'd\ ..!@..

ch'{gn] eg]– tkfOF{ k/da|é, k/dwfd Pjd\ k/dkljq x'g'x''G5, lsgeg] xh'/nfO{ ;a} Clifu0fn] ;gftg, lbJok'?if tyf b]jx¿sf klg cflbb]j, chGdf / ;j{JofkL eGb5g\ ..!@..

cfx':Tjfd[ifoM ;j]{ b]jlif{gf{/b:tyf .

cl;tf] b]jnf] Jof;M :jo+ r}j a|jLlif d] ..!#..

To;}u/L b]jlif{ gf/b tyf cl;t / b]jn Clif tyf dxlif{ Jof; klg ;f]xL s'/f eGb5g\ . xh'/ cfkm}F klg d]/f nflu elg/xg'ePsf] 5 ..!#..

;j{d]tb[t+ dGo] oGdf+ jbl; s]zj .

g lx t] eujGJolQm+ ljb'b]{jf g bfgjfM ..!$..

x] s]zj ¤ d]/f lgldQ xh'/n] h]–hlt eÙ'x'G5, oL ;a} s'/f d ;To dfGb5' . x] eujg\ ¤ xh'/sf nLnfdo :j¿knfO{ g t bfgjx¿n] hfGb5g\ g t b]jtfx¿n] g} ..!$..

:jod]jfTdgfTdfg+ j]Ty Tj+ k'?iff]Qd .

e"tefjg e"t]z b]jb]j huTkt] ..!%..

x] e"tx¿nfO{ pTkÙ ug'{x'g] k|e' ¤ x] e"tx¿sf O{à/ ¤ x] b]jx¿sf b]j ¤ x] hut\sf :jfdL ¤ x] k'?iff]Qd ¤ xh'/ cfkm}Fn] cfkm"nfO{ hfÙ'x'G5 ..!%..

jQm'dx{:oz]if]0f lbJof èfTdlje"toM .

oflelj{e"ltlenf]{sflgdf+:Tj+ JofKo lt©l; ..!^..

o;sf/0f xh'/cfkmF} cfkm\gf tL lbJo lje"ltx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf eÙsf nflu ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 h'g lje"ltx¿åf/f xh'/ oL ;a} nf]sx¿nfO{ JofKt u/]/ l:yt x'g'x'G5 ..!^..

sy+ ljBfdx+ of]lu+:Tjf+ ;bf kl/lrGtog\ .

s]if' s]if' r efj]if' lrGTof]›l; eujGdof ..!&..

x] of]u]à/ ¤ d s'g k|sf/n] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ xh'/nfO{ hfgF" < clg x] eujg\ ¤ xh'/ s'g–s'g efjx¿df dåf/f lrGtg ug{ pko'Qm x'g'x'G5 < ..!&..

lj:t/]0ffTdgf] of]u+ lje"lt+ r hgfb{g .

e"oM syo t[lKtlx{ ð[0jtf] gfl:t d]›d[td\ ..!*..

x] hgfb{g ¤ cfkm\gf] of]uzlQm / lje"ltnfO{ km]l/ klg lj:tf/k"j{s eÙ'xf];\, lsgeg] xh'/sf cd[tdo jrgx¿ ;'Gbfv]l/ dnfO{ t[lKt x'Fb}g, ;'Ù] pTs07f /lx/xG5 ...!*..

>L eujfg'jfr

xGt] t] syloiofld lbJof èfTdlje"toM .

k|fwfGotM s'?>]© gf:ToGtf] lj:t/:o d] ..!(..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] s'?>]© ¤ ca d d]/f h'g lje"ltx¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] af/]df ltd|f lgldQ k|wfgtf lbP/ eÙ]5', lsgls d]/f] km}nfj6sf] cGTo 5}g ..!(..

cxdfTdf u'8fs]z ;j{e"tfzol:ytM .

cxdflbá dWo+ r e"tfgfdGt Pj r ..@)..

x] ch'{g  ¤ d ;a} e"tx¿sf Xbodf l:yt ;a}sf] cfTdf x'F . ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf] cflb, dWo / cGt klg d} x'F ..@)..

cflbTofgfdx+ lji0f'Hof]{ltiff+ /lj/+z'dfg\ .

d/Llrd{?tfdl:d gIfqf0ffdx+ zzL ..@!..

d clbltsf afî k'qx¿dWo] lji0f' x'F Hof]ltx¿df ls/0fo'Qm ;"o{ x'F . pgGrf; jfo'b]jtfx¿sf] t]h x'F gIfqx¿sf] clwklt rGb|df x'F ..@!..

j]bfgf+ ;fdj]bf]›l:d b]jfgfdl:d jf;jM .

OlGb|of0ff+ dgáfl:d e"tfgfdl:d r]tgf ..@@..

d j]bx¿df ;fdj]b x'F b]jx¿df OGb| x'F, OlGb|ox¿df d dg x'F / e"tx¿sf] r]tgf x'F ..@@..

?b|f0ff+ zË/áfl:d ljQ]zf] oIf/If;fd\ .

j;"gf+ kfjsáflZd d]?M lzvl/0ffdxd\ ..@#..

d Psfbz ?b|x¿df zË/ x'F / oIf tyf /fIf;x¿df wgsf :jfdL s'a]/ x'F . d cf7 j;'x¿dWo] clUg x'F / lzv/x¿df ;'d]? kj{t x'F ..@#..

k'/f]w;f+ r d'Vo+ df+ ljl4 kfy{ a[x:kltd\ .

;]gfgLgfdx+ :sGbM ;/;fdl:d ;fu/M ..@$..

k'/f]lxtx¿dWo]sf ;a}eGbf 7"nf a[x:klt eg]/ d}nfO{ hfg . x] kfy{ ¤ d ;]gfkltx¿df :sGb / hnfzox¿df ;d'b| x'F ..@$..

dxifL{0ff+ e[u'/x+ lu/fd:Do]sdIf/d\ .

o1fgf+ hko1f]›l:d :yfj/f0ff+ lxdfnoM ..@%..

d dxlif{x¿df e[u' / zAbx¿df çsf/ x'F . ;a} k|sf/sf o1x¿df hko1 / l:y/ /xg]x¿df lxdfno kxf8 x'F ..@%..

càTyM ;j{j[Iff0ff+ b]jifL{0ff+ r gf/bM .

uGwjf{0ff+ lrq/yM l;4fgf+ slknf] d'lgM ..@^..

d ;a} j[Ifx¿df kLkn j[If, b]jlif{x¿df gf/b d'lg, uGwj{x¿df lrq/y / l;4x¿dWo] slkn d'lg x'F ..@^..

pRr}M>j;dàfgf+ ljl4 dfdd[tf]b\ejd\ .

P]/fjt+ uh]Gb|f0ff+ g/f0ff+ r g/flwkd\ ..@&..

d 3f]8fx¿df cd[tsf ;fy pTkÙ ePsf] pRr}M>jf gfds 3f]8f, >]© xfQLx¿df P]/fjt gfds xfQL clg dg'iox¿df /fhf x'F eÙ] s'/f hfg ..@&..

cfo'wfgfdx+ jh|+ w]g"gfdl:d sfdw's\ .

k|hgáfl:d sGbk{M ;kf{0ffdl:d jf;'lsM ..@*..

d z:qx¿df jh| / ufO{x¿df sfdw]g' x'F . zf:qf]Qm /Lltn] ;Gtfgsf] pTklQsf lgldQ sfdb]j x'F / ;k{x¿dWo]df d ;k{/fh jf;'ls x'F ..@*..

cgGtáfl:d gfufgf+ j?0ff] ofb;fdxd\ .

lktú0ffdo{df rfl:d odM ;+odtfdxd\ ..@(..

d gfux¿df z]ifgfu / hnr/x¿sf clwklt j?0f b]jtf x'F clg lkt[x¿df co{df gfds lkt[ tyf zf;g ug]{x¿df od/fh x'F ..@(..

k|ëfbáfl:d b}Tofgf+ sfnM snotfdxd\ .

d[uf0ff+ r d[u]Gb|f]›x+ j}gt]oá klIf0ffd\ ..#)..

d b}Tox¿df k|x\nfb / u0fgf ug]{x¿df ;do x'F tyf kz'x¿df d[u/fh, l;+x clg kIfLx¿df d u?8 x'F ..#)..

kjgM kjtfdl:d /fdM z:qe[tfdxd\ .

emiff0ff+ ds/áfl:d ;|f]t;fdl:d hfìjL ..#!..

kljq ug]{x¿df d jfo' x'F / z:qwf/Lx¿dWo] d >L/fd x'F . hnr/x¿dWo] d uf]xL x'F / gbLx¿dWo] d >LefuL/yL uÍfhL x'F ..#!..

;uf{0ffdflb/Gtá dWo+ r}jfxdh'{g .

cWofTdljBf ljBfgf+ jfbM k|jbtfdxd\ ..#@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ;[l¨x¿sf] cflb / cGt tyf dWo klg d} x'F . d ljBfx¿df cWofTdljBf / k/:k/ ljjfb ug{]x¿sf] tŒj–lg0f{osf nflu ul/g] jfb x'F ..#@..

cIf/f0ffdsf/f]›l:d åGåM ;fdfl;s:o r .

cxd]jfIfoM sfnf] wftfx+ ljàtf]d'vM ..##..

d cIf/x¿df csf/ x'F / ;df;x¿df åGågfds ;df; x'F . cIfosfn cyf{t\ sfnsf] klg dxfsfn tyf ;a}lt/ d'v ePsf], lj/f6\:j¿k, ;a}nfO{ wf/0f–kf]if0f ug{]jfnf klg d} x'F ..##..

d[To'M ;j{x/áfxd'b\ejá eljiotfd\ .

sLlt{M >Ljf{Sr gf/L0ff+ :d[ltd]{wf w[ltM Ifdf ..#$..

d ;a}sf] gfz u/fpg] d[To' / pTkÙ x'g]x¿sf] pTklQ x]t' x'F tyf :qLx¿df sLlt{, >L, jfs\, :d[lt, d]wf, w[lt / Ifdf x'F ..#$..

a[xT;fd tyf ;fDgf+ ufoqL 5Gb;fdxd\ .

df;fgf+ dfu{zLiff]{›xd[t"gf+ s';'dfs/M ..#%..

tyf ufog ug{ of]Uo >'ltx¿df d a[xT;fd clg 5Gbx¿df ufoqL 5Gb x'F dlxgfx¿df dfu{zLif{ / Ct'x¿df j;Gt x'F ..#%..

B"t+ 5notfdl:d t]h:t]hl:jgfdxd\ .

hof]›l:d Joj;fof]›l:d ;Œj+ ;Œjjtfdxd\ ..#^..

d 5n ug]{x¿df h'jf / k|efjzfnL k'?ifx¿sf] k|efj x'F . d lhTg]x¿sf] ljho x'F, lgZro ug{]x¿sf] lgZro / ;flŒjs k'?ifx¿sf] ;flŒjs efj x'F ..#^..

j[i0fLgf+ jf;'b]jf]›l:d kf08jfgf+ wg~hoM .

d'gLgfdKox+ Jof;M sjLgfd'zgf sljM ..#&..

j[i0fL j+zLox¿df jf;'b]j cyf{t\ d :jod\ ltd|f] ;fyL, kf08jx¿df wg~ho cyf{t\ ltdL, d'lgx¿df j]bJof; / sljx¿df z'j|mfrfo{ slj klg d} x'F ..#&..

b08f] bdotfdl:d gLlt/l:d lhuLiftfd\ .

df}g+ r}jfl:d u'èfgf+ 1fg+ 1fgjtfdxd\ ..#*..

d bdg ug{]x¿sf] b08 cyf{t\ bdg ug]{ zlQm x'F, lhTg] OR5f ePsfx¿sf] gLlt x'F, u'Kt /fVg of]Uo efjx¿sf] /Ifs df}g x'F clg 1fgjfg\x¿sf] tŒj1fg klg d} x'F ..#*..

oRrflk ;j{e"tfgf+ aLh+ tbxdh'{g .

g tbl:t ljgf oT:ofGdof e"t+ r/fr/d\ ..#(..

clg x] ch'{g  ¤ hf] ;a} e"tx¿sf] pTklQsf] sf/0f 5, Tof] klg d g} x'F, lsgls daf6 /lxt r/ / cr/ s'g} klg e"t 5}g ..#(..

gfGtf]›l:t dd lbJofgf+ lje"tLgf+ k/Gtk .

Pif t"2]ztM k|f]Qmf] lje"t]lj{:t/f] dof ..$)..

x] k/Gtk ¤ d]/f lbJo lje"ltx¿sf] cGTo 5}g, d}n] cfkm\gf lje"ltx¿sf] of] lj:tf/ t ltd|f nflu ;ª\If]kdf eg]sf] x'F ..$)..

oBlåe"ltdT;Œj+ >Ldb"lh{td]j jf .

tQb]jfjuR5 Tj+ dd t]hf]+›z;Dejd\ ..$!..

hf]–hf] lje"lto'Qm cyf{t\ P]ào{o'Qm, sflGto'Qm Pjd\ zlQmo'Qm j:t' 5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ltdLn] d]/f] t]hsf] c+zs} cleJolQm x'g\ eÙ] hfg ..$!..

cyjf ax'g}t]g ls+ 1ft]g tjfh'{g .

lj¨Eofxldb+ s[T:gd]sf+z]g l:ytf] hut\ ..$@..

cyjf x] ch'{g  ¤ o;eGbf w]/} hfÙfn] ltdLnfO{ s] k|of]hg x'G5 / . d o; ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ cfkm\gf] of]uzlQmsf] Ps c+zdfqn] wf/0f u/]/ l:yt 5' ..$@..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] lje"ltof]uf] gfd bzdf]›WofoM ..!)..

)))

 

 

ç

cy}sfbzf]›WofoM ..!!..

ch'{g pjfr

dbg'u|xfo k/d+ u'èdWofTd;l~1td\ .

oŒjof]Qm+ jr:t]g df]xf]›o+ ljutf] dd ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– ddfly cg'u|x ug{sf nflu xh'/n] hf] k/d uf]kgLo cWofTd–ljifos jrg ug'{eof] -pkb]z lbg'eof]_, o;n] d]/f] of] c1fg -df]x_ g¨ ePsf] 5 ..!..

ejfKoof} lx e"tfgf+ >'tf} lj:t/zf] dof .

TjQM sdnkqfIf dfxfTDodlk rfJood\ ..@..

lsgls x] sdng]q ¤ d}n] ca xh'/af6 e"tx¿sf] pTklQ / k|no lj:tf/k"j{s ;'g]sf] 5', clg xh'/sf] cljgfzL dlxdf klg ;'g]sf] 5' ..@..

Pjd]tByfTy TjdfTdfg+ k/d]à/ .

b|¨'ldR5fld t] ¿kd}à/+ k'?iff]Qd ..#..

x] k/d]à/ ¤ xh'/n] cfkm"nfO{ h]–h:tf] eÙ'x'G5, of] 7Ls o:t} g} xf] . k/Gt' x] k'?iff]Qd ¤ xh'/sf] 1fg, P]ào{, zlQm, an, jLo{ clg t]hn] o'Qm P]à/–¿knfO{ d k|ToIf x]g{ rfxG5' ..#..

dGo;] olb tR5So+ dof b|¨'ldlt k|ef] .

of]u]à/ ttf] d] Tj+ bz{ofTdfgdJood\ ..$..

x] k|ef] ¤ olb d}n] xh'/sf] Tof] ¿k b]Vg kfpg ;Dej 5 eÙ] xh'/ 7fÙ'x'G5 eg] x] of]u]à/ ¤ Tof] cljgfzL :j¿ksf] bz{g u/fpg'xf];\ ..$..

>Leujfg'jfr

kZo d] kfy{ ¿kfl0f ztzf]›y ;x;|zM .

gfgfljwflg lbJoflg gfgfj0ff{s[tLlg r ..%..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– æx] kfy{ ¤ ca ltdL d]/f ;}s8f}F xhf/f}F k|sf/sf clg gfgf j0f{ tyf gfgf cfs[lto'Qm cnf}lss ¿kx¿ x]/ ..%..

kZoflbTofGj;"G?b|fglàgf} d?t:tyf .

ax"Gob[¨k"jf{l0f kZofáof{l0f ef/t ..^..

x] e/tj+zL ch'{g  ¤ ltdL ddf cflbTox¿ -cyf{t\ clbltsf åfbz k'qx¿_nfO{, cf7 j;'x¿nfO{, Psfbz ?b|x¿nfO{, b'j} clàgLs'df/nfO{ clg pgGrf; d?t\u0fx¿nfO{ x]/ . clg klxn] gb]v]sf c¿ klg w]/}w]/} cfZro{hgs ¿kx¿ x]/ ..^..

Ox}s:y+ huTs[T:g+ kZofB ;r/fr/d\ .

dd b]x] u'8fs]z oRrfGob\b|¨'ldR5l; ..&..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ca d]/f] o; z/L/df Ps 7fpFdf l:yt r/fr/;lxt ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ x]/ . clg c¿ klg h] x]g{ rfxG5f}, Tof] klg x]/ ..&..

g t' df+ zSo;] b|¨'dg]g}j :jrIf'iff .

lbJo+ bbfld t] rIf'M kZo d] of]ud}à/d\ ..*..

k/Gt' dnfO{ ltdL oL cfkm\gf k|fs[t g]qx¿åf/f x]g{df ;dy{ 5}gf} . o;sf/0f d ltdLnfO{ cnf}lss -lbJo_ rIf' lbG5', ltdL o;}sf] d2tn] d]/f] O{à/Lo of]uzlQmnfO{ x]/ ..*..

;~ho pjfr

Pjd'STjf ttf] /fhGdxfof]u]à/f] xl/M .

bz{ofdf; kfyf{o k/d+ ¿kd}à/d\ ..(..

;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ ¤ dxfof]u]à/ clg ;a} kfkx¿sf] gfz ug{] x'g'ePsf eujfg\n] o;k|sf/ eÙ'eof], To;kl5 ch'{gnfO{ k/d P]Zjo{o'Qm lbJo:j¿k b]vfpg'eof] ..(..

cg]sjSqgogdg]sfb\e'tbz{gd\ .

cg]slbJofe/0f+ lbJofg]sf]Btfo'wd\ ..!)..

cg]s d'v clg g]qx¿n] o'Qm, cg]s cb\e't bz{gx¿ x'g'ePsf, w]/}w]/} lbJo uxgfx¿n] ;lhg'ePsf tyf w]/} lsl;dsf lbJo c:qx¿ xftx¿df lng'ePsf== == ..!)..

lbJodfNofDa/w/+ lbJouGwfg'n]kgd\ .

;jf{áo{do+ b]jdgGt+ ljàtf]d'vd\ ..!!..

lbJo dfnf Pjd\ j:qx¿ wf/0f ug'{ePsf clg lbJo uGw z/L/el/ n]kg ug'{ePsf, ;a} k|sf/sf cfZro{x¿n] o'Qm, ;Ldf/lxt tyf ;a}lt/ d'v x'g'ePsf lj/f6\–:j¿k k/db]j k/d]à/nfO{ ch'{gn] b]v] ..!!..

lblj ;"o{;x;|:o ej]B'ukb'lTytf .

olb efM ;b[zL ;f :ofb\ef;:t:o dxfTdgM ..!@..

cfsfzdf xhf/ ;"o{ Ps;fy pbo x'Fbf pTkÙ hf] k|sfz x'G5, Tof] klg pQm ljà¿k k/dfTdfsf] k|sfzh:tf] sxfF x'G5 / <..!@..

tq}s:y+ huTs[T:g+ k|ljeQmdg]swf .

ckZo2]jb]j:o z/L/] kf08j:tbf ..!#..

kf08'k'q ch'{gn] To; ;dodf cg]s k|sf/n] ljeQm cyf{t\ k[ys\–k[ys\ ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ b]jx¿sf b]j >Ls[i0f eujfg\sf To; z/L/sf] Ps 7fpFdf l:yt b]v] ..!#..

ttM ; lj:doflj¨f] X¨/f]df wg~hoM .

k|0fDo lz/;f b]j+ s[tf~hln/efift ..!$.

To;kl5 tL cfZro{rlst / k'nlstz/L/ ch'{gn] k|sfzdo ljà¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ >4felQm;lxt lz/n] k|0ffd u/]/ xft hf]8\b} eg]– ..!$..

ch'{g pjfr

kZofld b]jf+:tj b]j b]x]

;jf{+:tyf e"tljz]if;Îfg\ .

a|éf0fdLz+ sdnf;g:y–

d[ifL+á ;jf{g'/uf+á lbJofg\ ..!%..

ch'{gn] eg]– æx] b]j ¤ d xh'/sf] z/L/df ;Dk"0f{ b]jx¿nfO{ tyf cg]s e"tx¿sf ;d'bfox¿nfO{, sdnsf] cf;gdf lj/flht a|éfnfO{, dxfb]jnfO{ clg ;Dk"0f{ Clifx¿nfO{ tyf lbJo ;k{x¿nfO{ b]Vt5' ..!%..

cg]safx"b/jSqg]q+–

kZofld Tjf+ ;j{tf]›gGt¿kd\ .

gfGt+ g dWo+ g k'g:tjflb+–

kZofld ljà]à/ ljà¿k ..!^..

x] ;Dk"0f{ ljàsf :jfdL ¤ xh'/nfO{ cg]s e'hf, k]6, d'v / g]qx¿n] o'Qm tyf ;a}lt/af6 cgGt ¿ko'Qm b]Vt5' . x] ljà¿k ¤ d xh'/sf] g cGTonfO{ b]V5', g dWonfO{ clg g t cflbnfO{ g} ..!^..

ls/Ll6g+ ulbg+ rlj|m0f+ r

t]hf]/flz+ ;j{tf] bLlKtdGtd\ .

kZofld Tjf+ b'lg{/LIo+ ;dGtf–

2LKtfgnfs{B'ltdk|d]od\ ..!&..

xh'/nfO{ d d's'6o'Qm, ubfo'Qm / rj|mo'Qm tyf ;a}lt/af6 k|sfzjfg\ t]hsf k'~h, k|Hjlnt clUg clg ;"o{sf ;dfg Hof]lto'Qm, sl7gtfn] dfq b]Vg ;lsg] of]Uo Pjd\ ;a}lt/af6 ck|d]o:j¿kdf b]Vt5' ..!&..

TjdIf/+ k/d+ j]lbtJo+–

Tjd:o ljà:o k/+ lgwfgd\ .

TjdJooM zfàtwd{uf]Ktf

;gftg:Tj+ k'?iff] dtf] d] ..!*..

xh'/ g} hfÙ of]Uo k/d cIf/ cyf{t\ k/a|é k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ g} o; hut\sf k/d cf>o x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ g} cgflb wd{sf /Ifs x'g'x'G5 / xh'/ g} cljgfzL ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5 . d]/f] dt o:tf] 5 ..!*..

cgflbdWofGtdgGtjLo{–

dgGtafx'+ zlz;"o{g]qd\ .

kZofld Tjf+ bLKtx'tfzjSq+–

:jt]h;f ljàldb+ tkGtd\ ..!(..

xh'/nfO{ d}n] cflb, cGTo / dWon] /lxt, cgGt ;fdYo{n] o'Qm, cgGt e'hfo'Qm, rGb|–;"o{¿k g]qo'Qm, k|Hjlnt clUg¿k d'v ePsf] / cfkm\gf] t]hn] o; hut\nfO{ ;GtKt ul//xg'ePsf] b]lv/x]sf] 5' ..!(..

Bfjfk[lyJof]l/bdGt/+ lx

JofKt+ Tjo}s]g lbzá ;jf{M ..

b[\¨\jfb\e't+ ¿kd'u|+ tj]b+–

nf]sqo+ k|Jolyt+ dxfTdg\ ..@)..

x] dxfTdg\ ¤ of] :ju{ / k[YjLsf aLrsf ;Dk"0f{ cfsfz tyf ;a} lbzfx¿ xh'/af6 dfq} kl/k"0f{ 5g\ . xh'/sf] o; cnf}lss clg eoË/ ¿knfO{ b]v]/ tLg} nf]s clt Joyfdf kl//x]sf 5g\ ..@)..

cdL lx Tjf+ ;'/;Îf ljzlGt

s]lrb\eLtfM k|f~hnof] u[0flGt ..

:j:tLTo'STjf dxlif{l;4;ÎfM

:t'jlGt Tjf+ :t'ltleM k'isnfleM ..@!..

ltg} b]jtfx¿sf ;d"x xh'/df k|j]z ub{5g\ / s]xL eoeLt eP/ xft hf]8\b} xh'/sf gfd / u'0fx¿sf] pRrf/0f ub{5g\ . dxlif{ / l;4x¿sf ;d'bfo æsNof0f xf];\ ¤Æ eGb} pQd–pQd :tf]qx¿åf/f xh'/sf] :t'lt ub{5g\ ..@!..

?b|flbTof j;jf] o] r ;fWof–

ljà]›làgf} d?táf]idkfá .

uGwj{oIff;'/l;4;Îf–

jLIfGt] Tjf+ ljl:dtfà}j ;j]{ ..@@..

P3f/ ?b| / afî cflbTo tyf cf7 j;', ;fWou0f, ljà]b]j, clàgLs'df/ tyf d?b\u0f clg lkt[x¿sf ;d'bfo tyf uGwj{, oIf, /fIf; Pjd\ l;4x¿sf ;d'bfo hlt 5g\ tL ;a} ljl:dt eP/ xh'/nfO{ x]b{5g\ ..@@..

¿k+ dxQ] ax'jSqg]q+–

dxfafxf] ax'afx"?kfbd\ .

ax"b/+ ax'b+¨«fs/fn+–

b[¨\jf nf]sfM k|Jolytf:tyfxd\ ..@#..

x] dxfafxf] ¤ xh'/sf olt w]/} d'v / cfFvfx¿, olt w]/} xftx¿, hÎf / uf]8fx¿, w]/} k]6x¿ / olt w]/} bfîfx¿sf sf/0f cToGt ljs/fn dxfg\ ¿knfO{ b]v]/ ;a}hgf Jofs'n eO/x]sf 5g\ . d klg Jofs'n eO/x]sf] 5' ..@#..

geM:k[z+ bLKtdg]sj0f{+–

JofQfgg+ bLKtljzfng]qd\ .

b[¨\jf lx Tjf+ k|JolytfGt/fTdf .

w[lt+ g ljGbfld zd+ r lji0ff] ..@$..

x] lji0ff] ¤ cfsfznfO{ :kz{ ug{], b]bLKodfg, cg]s j0f{x¿n] o'Qm tyf km}nfOPsf] d'v / k|sfzdfg ljzfn g]qx¿n] o'Qm xh'/nfO{ b]v]/ eoeLt cGtMs/0f ePsf] d w}o{ / zflGt kfpFlbgF ..@$..

b+¨«fs/fnflg r t] d'vflg

b[¨\j}j sfnfgn;lÙeflg .

lbzf] g hfg] g ne] r zd{

k|;Lb b]j]z hulÙjf; ..@%..

bfîfx¿sf sf/0f ljs/fn / k|nosfnsf] clUgsf ;dfg k|Hjlnt xh'/sf d'vx¿ b]v]/ d lbzfx¿ hflGbgF, ;'v klg kfpFlbgF . o;sf/0f x] b]j]z ¤ x] hulÙjf; ¤ xh'/ k|;Ù x'g'xf];\ ..@%..

cdL r Tjf+ w[t/f¨«:o k'qfM

;j]{ ;x}jfjlgkfn;Î}M .

eLidf] b|f]0fM ;"tk'q:tyf;f}

;xf:dbLo}/lk of]wd'Vo}M ..@^..

jSqfl0f t] Tj/df0ff ljzlGt

b+¨«fs/fnflg eofgsflg .

s]lrlånUgf bzgfGt/]if'

;Gb[ZoGt] r"l0f{t}?QdfÍ}M ..@&..

w[t/f¨«sf ;a} k'qx¿ /fhfx¿sf ;d'bfo;lxt xh'/d} k|j]z ul//x]sf 5g\ . eLidlktfdx, b|f]0ffrfo{ tyf tL s0f{ clg xfd|f] kIfsf klg k|wfg of]4fx¿ Ps–Ps u/L xh'/sf bfîfx¿sf sf/0f ljs/fn eofgs b]lvg] d'vx¿df a8f] j]usf ;fy bf}l8Fb} cfP/ k|j]z ul//x]sf 5g\ clg sltko t r"0f{ ePsf 6fpsf;lxt xh'/sf bfFtx¿sf aLrdf c8\lsPsf klg b]lvO/x]sf 5g\ ..@^–@&..

oyf gbLgf+ axjf]›Da'j]ufM

;d'b|d]jfled'vf b|jlGt .

tyf tjfdL g/nf]sjL/f–

ljzlGt jSqf0oleljHjnlGt ..@*..

h;/L gbLx¿sf kfgLsf ljzfn k|jfxx¿ :jfefljs ¿kdf ;d'b|lt/} bf}8]/ k:5g\, p;}u/L g/nf]ssf jL/x¿ klg xh'/sf k|Hjlnt d'vx¿df k|j]z ul//x]sf 5g\ ..@*..

oyf k|bLKt+ Hjng+ ktÍf–

ljzlGt gfzfo ;d[4j]ufM .

ty}j gfzfo ljzlGt nf]sf–

:tjflk jSqfl0f ;d[4j]ufM ..@(..

h;/L k'tnLx¿ df]xjz g¨ x'gsf nflu k|Hjlnt clUgdf clt j]un] p8]/ k|j]z ub{5g\, p;} u/L oL ;a}hgf cfkm\gf] gfzsf nflu xh'/sf d'vx¿df clt j]usf ;fy x'l/{P/ k|j]z ul//x]sf 5g\ ..@(..

n]lnè;] u|;dfgM ;dGtf–

Nnf]sfG;du|fGjbg}Hj{nb\leM .

t]hf]le/fk"o{ huT;du|+–

ef;:tjf]u|fM k|tklGt lji0ff] ..#)..

xh'/ tL ;Dk"0f{ nf]sx¿nfO{ k|Hjlnt d'vx¿åf/f u|f; ug'{x'Fb} ;a}lt/af6 k6sk6s rfl6/xg'ePsf] 5, x] lji0ff] ¤ xh'/sf] pu| k|sfzn] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ t]hanåf/f kl/k"0f{ u/]/ ttfO/x]sf] 5 ..#)..

cfVoflx d] sf] ejfg'u|¿kf]–

gdf]›:t' t] b]jj/ k|;Lb .

lj1ft'ldR5fld ejGtdfB+–

g lx k|hfgflk tj k|j[lQd\ ..#!..

o:tf] pu|¿kwf/L xh'/ sf] x'g'x'G5, dnfO{ eÙ'xf];\ . x] b]jx¿dWo]sf >]© ¤ xh'/nfO{ gd:sf/ 5 . xh'/ k|;Ù x'g'xf];\ . cflbk'?if xh'/nfO{ d ljz]if¿kn] hfÙ rfxG5', lsgeg] dnfO{ xh'/sf] k|j[lQsf af/] yfxf 5}g .#!..

>Leujfg'jfr

sfnf]›l:d nf]sIfos[Tk|j[4f]–

nf]sfG;dfxt'{ldx k|j[QM .

Ct]›lk Tjf+ g eljiolGt ;j]{

o]›jl:ytfM k|TogLs]if' of]wfM ..#@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– d dflg;x¿sf] gfz ug{sf nflu al9/x]sf] dxfsfn x'F . o; ;dodf d oL dflg;x¿sf] gfz ug{sf nflu k|j[Q ePsf] 5' o;sf/0f hf] k|ltkIfLx¿sf ;]gfdf l:yt of]4f JolQmx¿ 5g\ tL ;a} ltdL g/x] klg /xg]5}gg\ -cyf{t\ ltdLn] o'4 gu/] klg oL ;a}sf] gfz x'g] g} 5 ._ ..#@..

t:dfŒjd'lQ© ozf] ne:j

lhTjf zq"Ge'ª\Ij /fHo+ ;d[4d\ .

do}j}t] lgxtfM k"j{d]j

lgldQdfq+ ej ;Jo;flrg\ ..##..

ctPj ltdL p7 ¤ oz k|fKt u/ / zq'x¿nfO{ lht]/ wgwfGon] ;DkÙ /fHosf] ef]u u/ . oL ;a} z"/jL/ klxNo} dåf/f dfl/;lsPsf 5g\ . x] ;Jo;flrg\ ¤ ltdL t s]jn lgldQdfq ag ..##..

b|f]0f+ r eLid+ r hob|y+ r

s0f{+ tyfGofglk of]wjL/fg\ .

dof xtf+:Tj+ hlx df Joly©f–

o'Wo:j h]tfl; /0f] ;kTgfg\ ..#$..

b|f]0ffrfo{ / eLidlktfdx tyf hob|y clg s0f{ tyf c¿ klg w]/}w]/} dåf/f dfl/Psf z"/jL/ of]4fx¿nfO{ ltdLn] df/ . g8/fpm . lgM;Gb]x ltdLn] o'4df j}/Lx¿nfO{ lhTg]5f} . o;sf/0f o'4 u/ ..#$..

;~ho pjfr

PtR5«='Tjf jrg+ s]zj:o

s[tf~hlnj]{kdfgM ls/L6L .

gd:s[Tjf e"o Pjfx s[i0f+–

;ub\ub+ eLteLtM k|0fDo ..#%..

;~hon] eg]– s]zj eujfg\sf oL jrg ;'g]/ d's'6wf/L ch'{g n] xft hf]8/] sfFKt} gd:sf/ u/] . pgn] cToGt eoeLt eP/ k|0ffd ub}{ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf k|lt ubub eP/ eg]–..#%..

ch'{g pjfr

:yfg] XifLs]z tj k|sLTof{

huTk|XioTog'/Hot] r .

/Iff+l; eLtflg lbzf] b|jlGt

;j]{ gd:olGt r l;4;ÎfM ..#^..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] cGtof{dL ¤ xh'/sf] gfd, u'0f / k|efjsf] sLt{gn] hut\ clt xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5 . cg'/fu klg k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 . eoeLt /fIf;u0f cg]s lbzfx¿df eflu/x]sf 5g\ / clg ;a} l;4u0fx¿sf ;d'bfo gd:sf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ ..#^..

s:dfRr t] g gd]/GdxfTdg\

u/Lo;] a|é0ff]›Koflbsq]{ .

cgGt b]j]z hulÙjf;

TjdIf/+ ;b;QTk/+ ot\ ..#&..

x] dxfTdg\ ¤ a|éfsf klg cflbstf{ / ;a}eGbf 7"nf xh'/sf nflu s;/L gd:sf/ gug{] / < lsgls x] cgGt ¤ x] b]j]z ¤ x] hulÙjf; ¤ hf] ;t\, c;t\ / ltgaf6 cnUu} cIf/ cyf{t\ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|é 5, Tof] xh'/ g} x'g'x'G5 ..#&..

Tjdflbb]jM k'?ifM k'/f0f–

:Tjd:o ljà:o k/+ lgwfgd\ .

j]Qfl; j]B+ r k/+ r wfd

Tjof tt+ ljàdgGt¿k ..#*..

xh'/ cflbb]j clg ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ o; hut\sf k/d–cf>]o clg hfÙ]jfnf tyf hfÙ of]Uo tyf k/dwfd klg x'g'x'G5 . x] cgGt¿k ¤ xh'/af6} of] ;a} hut\ JofKt cyf{t\ kl/k"0f{ 5 ..#*..

jfo'o{df]›lUgj{?0fM zzfËM

k|hfklt:Tj+ k|lktfdxá .

gdf] gd:t]›:t' ;x;|s[TjM

k'gá e"of]›lk gdf] gd:t] ..#(..

xh'/ jfo', od/fh, clUg, j?0f, rGb|df, k|hfsf :jfdL a|éf / a|éfsf klg lktf x'g'x'G5 . xh'/nfO{ xhf/f}Fk6s gd:sf/, gd:sf/ 5 ¤ xh'/nfO{ km]l/ klg k6sk6s gd:sf/, gd:sf/ 5 ¤ ..#(..

gdM k'/:tfby k[©t:t]

gdf]›:t' t] ;j{t Pj ;j{ .

cgGtjLof{ldtljj|md:Tj+–

;j{+ ;dfKgf]lif ttf]›l; ;j{M ..$)..

x] cgGt ;fdYo{o'Qm ¤ xh'/nfO{ cufl8af6 / k5fl8af6 klg gd:sf/ 5 . x] ;jf{Tdg\ ¤ xh'/nfO{ ;a}lt/af6 g} gd:sf/ 5 . lsgls cgGt k/fj|mdzfnL xh'/ ;d:t ;+;f/df JofKt x'g'x'G5 . o;sf/0f xh'/ g} ;j{¿k x'g'x'G5 ..$)..

;v]lt dTjf k|;e+ ob'Qm+–

x] s[i0f x] ofbj x] ;v]lt .

chfgtf dlxdfg+ tj]b+–

dof k|dfbfTk|0fo]g jflk ..$!..

oRrfjxf;fy{d;Ts[tf]›l;

ljxf/zøof;gef]hg]if' .

Psf]›yjfKoRo't tT;dIf+–

tTIffdo] Tjfdxdk|d]od\ ..$@..

xh'/sf] o; k|efjnfO{ ghfg]sf] ePsfn] xh'/nfO{ d}n] d]/f ;fyL dfg]/ k|]dn] cyjf k|dfbn] klg x] s[i0f ¤ x] ofbj ¤ x] ;v] ¤ cflb o;k|sf/sf h];'s} klg ;f]rljrf/ gu/L x7ft\ eg]sf] 5' . x] cRo't ¤ xh'/nfO{ d}n] ljgf]bsf nflu ljxf/, zøof, cf;g / ef]hgflbdf PSn} cyjf ;fyLx¿sf ;fd'Ù] klg ckdflgt u/]sf] 5' . tL ;a} ck/fwsf nflu ck|d]o:j¿k cyf{t\ clrGTo k|efjzfnL xh'/;Fu d Ifdf dfUb5' ..$!–$@..

lktfl; nf]s:o r/fr/:o

Tjd:o k"Hoá u'?u{/Lofg\ .

g TjT;df]›:ToEolwsM s'tf]›Gof]–

nf]sqo]›Kok|ltdk|efj ..$#..

xh'/ o; r/fr/ hut\sf lktf / ;a}eGbf 7"nf u'? Pjd\ clt k"hgLo x'g'x'G5 . x] cg'kd k|efjzfnL ¤ tLg} nf]sdf klg xh'/sf ;dfg csf{] sf]xL 5}g, xh'/eGbf 7"nf] t s;/L x'g ;S5 / < ..$#..

t:dfTk|0fDo k|l0fwfo sfo+–

k|;fbo] TjfdxdLzdL8Ød\ .

lkt]j k'q:o ;v]j ;Vo'M

lk|oM lk|ofofx{l; b]j ;f]9'd\ ..$$..

ctPj x] k|ef] ¤ d d]/f] o; z/L/nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] r/0fx¿df lgj]lbt u/]/ k|0ffd ub}{ :t'ltof]Uo xh'/ O{à/nfO{ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ eÙfvflt/ k|fy{gf ub{5' . x] b]j ¤ h;/L lktfn] k'qsf], ;fyLn] ;fyLsf] / kltn] lk|otdf kTgLsf ck/fw ;xg ub{5g\, To;}u/L xh'/ klg d]/f ck/fwx¿ ;xg ug{ of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ..$$..

cb[¨k"j{+ Xliftf]›l:d b[¨\jf

eo]g r k|Jolyt+ dgf] d] .

tb]j d] bz{o b]j¿k+–

k|;Lb b]j]z hulÙjf; ..$%..

d}n] klxn] slxNo} gb]v]sf] xh'/sf] o; cfZro{do ¿knfO{ b]v]/ d xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' clg d]/f] dg eon] clt Jofs'n klg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f xh'/n] Tof] cfkm\gf] rt'e'{h lji0f'¿k g} dnfO{ b]vfOlbg'xf];\ . x] b]j]z ¤ x] hulÙjf; ¤ k|;Ù x'g'xf];\ ..$%..

ls/Ll6g+ ulbg+ rj|mx:t–

ldR5fld Tjf+ b|¨'dx+ ty}j .

t]g}j ¿k]0f rt'e'{h]g

;x;|afxf] ej ljàd"t]{ ..$^..

o;}u/L d xh'/nfO{ d's'6 wf/0f ug'{ePsf] tyf ubf / rj|m xftdf lng'ePsf] ¿kdf klg x]g{ rfxG5' . o;sf/0f x] ljà:j¿k ¤ x] dxfafxf] ¤ xh'/ To; rt'e'{h ¿kdf k|s6 x'g'xf];\ ..$^..

>Leujfg'jfr

dof k|;Ù]g tjfh'{g]b+–

¿k+ k/+ blz{tdfTdof]uft\ .

t]hf]do+ ljàdgGtdfB+

oGd] TjbGo]g g b[¨k"j{d\ ..$&..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g ¤ cfkm\gf] of]uzlQmsf] k|efjn] d}n] cg'u|xk"j{s of] d]/f] k/dt]hf]do, ;a}sf] cflb clg ;Ldf/lxt lj/f6\ ¿k ltdLnfO{ b]vfPsf] x'F h;nfO{ ltd|f cltl/Qm csf]{ s'g} s;n}] klxn] b]v]sf] lyPg ..$&..

g j]bo1fWoog}g{ bfg}–

g{ r lj|mofleg{ tkf]le?u|}M .

Pj+¿kM zSo cx+ g[nf]s]

b|¨'+ TjbGo]g s'?k|jL/ ..$*..

x] ch'{g ¤ dg'ionf]sdf o;k|sf/ ljà¿ksf] d g j]b / o1x¿sf] cWoogaf6, g bfgn], g lj|mofx¿af6 clg g t pu| tkx¿af6 g} ltd|f cltl/Qm c¿ s;}åf/f b]lvg ;S5' ..$*..

df t] Joyf df r ljd"9efjf]–

b[¨\jf ¿k+ 3f]/dLb[ª\dd]bd\ .

Jok]teLM k|LtdgfM k'g:Tj+–

tb]j d] ¿kldb+ k|kZo ..$(..

d]/f] o;k|sf/sf] ljs/fn ¿k b]v]/ ltdLdf Jofs'ntf x'g'kb}{g clg d"9efj klg x'g'x'Fb}g . ltdL eo/lxt / k|Llto'Qm dg lnP/ d]/f] zª\v–rj|m–ubf–kßo'Qm rt'e'{h ¿knfO{ km]l/ x]/ ..$(..

;~ho pjfr

OToh'{g+ jf;'b]j:tyf]STjf

:js+ ¿k+ bz{ofdf; e"oM .

cfàf;ofdf; r eLtd]g+–

e"Tjf k'gM ;f}Dojk'd{xfTdf ..%)..

;~hon] eg]– jf;'b]j eujfg\n] ch{'gsf k|lt o;k|sf/ eg]/ km]l/ p;}u/L cfkm\gf] rt'e'{h ¿k b]vfOlbg'eof] . To;kl5 dxfTdf s[i0fn] ;f}Dod"lt{ eP/ eoeLt ePsf oL ch'{g  nfO{ 9f8; lbg'eof] ..%)..

ch'{g pjfr

b[¨\j]b+ dfg'if+ ¿k+ tj ;f}Do+ hgfb{g .

ObfgLdl:d ;+j[QM ;r]tfM k|s[lt+ utM ..%!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] hgfb{g ¤ xh'/sf] of] clt zfGt dg'io¿knfO{ b]v]/ ca d l:y/lrQ ePsf] 5' / cfkm\gf] :jfefljs l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5' ..%!..

>Leujfg'jfr

;'b'b{z{ldb+ ¿k+ b[¨jfgl; oGdd .

b]jf cKo:o ¿k:o lgTo+ bz{gsfª\lIf0fM ..%@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– d]/f] of] h'g rt'e'{h ¿k ltdLn] b]v]sf 5f}, of] ;'b'b{z{ 5 cyf{t\ o;sf] bz{g w]/} b'n{e 5 . b]jtf klg ;bf o; ¿ksf] bz{gsf] cfsfª\Iff ul//xG5g\ ..%@..

gfx+ j]b}g{ tk;f g bfg]g g r]Hoof .

zSo Pj+ljwf] b|¨+' b[¨jfgl; df+ oyf ..%#..

h'g k|sf/n] ltdLn] dnfO{ b]v]sf 5f}, o;k|sf/sf] rt'e'{h ¿ko'Qm d g j]bx¿n], g tkn], g bfgn] / o1n] g} b]lvg ;Qm5' ..%#..

eSTof TjgGoof zSo cxd]j+ljwf]›h'{g .

1ft'+ b|¨'+ r tŒj]g k|j]¨' r k/Gtk ..%$..

k/Gt' x] k/Gtk ch'{g  ¤ cgGoelQmåf/f o;k|sf/ rt'e'{h o'Qm dnfO{ k|ToIf b]Vgsf nflu, tŒjb]lv g} hfÙsf nflu tyf k|j]z ug{sf nflu cyf{t\ PsfsLefjn] k'Ugsf nflu klg zSo 5' ..%$..

dTsd{s[GdTk/df] db\eQmM ;Íjlh{tM .

lgj}{/M ;j{e"t]if' oM ; dfd]lt kf08j ..%%..

x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g k'?if s]jn d]/} nflu ;Dk"0f{ st{Jo–sd{x¿ ub{5, d]/f] k/fo0f 5, d]/f] eQm 5, cf;lQm/lxt 5 clg ;Dk"0f{ e"tk|f0fLx¿k|lt j}/efjn] /lxt 5, ToxL cgGoelQmo'Qm k'?if dfq ddf ldNb5 ..%%..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] ljà¿kbz{gof]uf] gfd}sfbzf]›WofoM ..!!..

)))

 

ç

cy åfbzf]›WofoM ..!@..

ch'{g pjfr

Pj+ ;tto'Qmf o] eQmf:Tjf+ ko'{kf;t] .

o] rfKoIf/dJoQm+ t]iff+ s] of]uljQdfM ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– hf] cgGok|]dL eQmhg k"jf{]Qm k|sf/n] lg/Gt/ xh'/sf] ehg–Wofgdf nflu/x]/ xh'/ ;u'0f¿k k/d]à/nfO{ clg csf{ hf] s]jn cljgfzL ;lRrbfgGb3g lg/fsf/ a|énfO{ clt>]© efjn] eHb5g\, tL b'O{ k|sf/sf pk;sx¿df clt pQd of]uj]Qf s'g xf] < ..!..

>Leujfg'jfr

døofj]Zo dgf] o] df+ lgToo'Qmf pkf;t] .

>4of k/of]k]tf:t] d] o'Qmtdf dtfM ..@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– dgnfO{ ddf Psfu| u/]/ lg/Gt/ d]/f] ehg–Wofgdf nfu]sf hf] eQmhg cltzo >]© >4fn] o'Qm eP/ d ;u'0f¿k k/d]à/nfO{ eHb5g\, ltgnfO{ d of]uLx¿df clt pQd of]uL dfGb5' ..@..

o] TjIf/dlgb]{ZodJoQm+ ko'{kf;t] .

;j{qudlrGTo+ r s"6:ydrn+ w'|jd\ ..#..

;lÙoDo]lGb|ou|fd+ ;j{q ;da'4oM .

t] k|fKg'jlGt dfd]j ;j{e"tlxt] /tfM ..$..

h'g k'?ifn] OlGb|ox¿sf] ;d'bfonfO{ /fd|/L ;+oldt u/]/ dg–a'l4af6 cnUu, ;j{JofkL, csygLo:j¿k clg ;bf Ps/; /xg], lgTo, crn, lg/fsf/, cljgfzL, ;lRrbfgGb3g a|énfO{ lg/Gt/ PsfsLefjn] Wofg ub{} eHb5g\, tL ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf lxtdf /t clg ;a}df ;dfg efj ePsf of]uLhg klg d}df ldNb5g\ ..#–$..

Sn]zf]›lwst/:t]iffdJoQmf;Qmr]t;fd\ .

cJoQmf lx ultb'{Mv+ b]xjb\le/jfKot] ..%..

;lRrbfgGb3g lg/fsf/ a|édf cf;Qm lrQ ePsf k'?ifx¿sf ;fwgdf kl/>d Hofbf 5, lsgeg] b]xfledfgLx¿åf/f cJoQmljifos ult b'Mvk"j{s dfq k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 ..%..

o] t' ;jf{l0f sdf{l0f dlo ;Úo:o dTk/fM .

cgGo]g}j of]u]g df+ WofoGt pkf;t] ..^..

k/Gt' d]/f k/fo0f /xg] eQmhgx¿ ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ ddf ck{0f u/]/ d ;u'0f¿k k/d]à/nfO{ g} cgGo elQmof]un] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ eHb5g\ ..^..

t]iffdx+ ;d'4tf{ d[To';+;f/;fu/ft\ .

ejfld glr/fTkfy{ døofj]lztr]t;fd\ ..&..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ddf lrQ nufpg] tL k|]dL eQmx¿nfO{ d zL3| g} d[To'¿k ;+;f/–;d'b|af6 p4f/ ug{]jfnf 5' ..&..

døo]j dg cfwT:j dlo a'l4+ lgj]zo .

lgjl;iol; døo]j ct pmWj{+ g ;+zoM ..*..

d}df dg nufpm . d}df a'l4 nufpm . o;kl5 ltdL d}df lgjf; ug{]5f} . o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g ..*..

cy lrQ+ ;dfwft'+ g zSgf]lif dlo l:y/d\ .

cEof;of]u]g ttf] dfldR5fKt'+ wg~ho ..(..

olb ltdL dgnfO{ d}df crn :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;dy{ 5}gf} eg] x] ch'{g  ¤ cEof;¿k of]uåf/f ddf k|fKt x'gsf nflu OR5f u/ ..(..

cEof;]›Ko;dyf]{›l; dTsd{k/df] ej .

dby{dlk sdf{l0f s'j{lG;l4djfK:ol; ..!)..

olb ltdL pko{'Qm cEof;df klg c;dy{ 5f} eg] s]jn d]/f nflu sd{ ug{sf nflu k/fo0f xf]pm . o;k|sf/ d]/f lgldQ sd{x¿ ub}{ klg ltdL d]/f] k|flKt¿k l;l4d} k'Ug]5f} ..!)..

cy}tbKozQmf]›l; st'{+ dBf]udfl>tM .

;j{sd{kmnTofu+ ttM s'? otfTdjfg\ ..!!..

olb d]/f] k|flKt¿k of]udf cfl>t eP/ pko'{Qm ;fwgf ug{ klg ltdL c;dy{ 5f} eg]b]lv dg–a'l4 cflbdfly ljho k|fKt ug{]jfnf eP/ ;a} sd{x¿sf kmn Tofu u/ ..!!..

>]of] lx 1fgdEof;fH1fgf4Øfg+ ljlziot] .

WofgfTsd{kmnTofu:TofufR5flGt/gGt/d\ ..!@..

dd{ ga'emLsg ul/Psf cEof;eGbf 1fg >]© x'G5 . 1fgeGbf d k/d]à/sf] :j¿ksf] Wofg >]© x'G5 t/ WofgeGbf klg ;a} sd{x¿sf kmnsf] Tofu >]© xf], lsgls Tofun] tTsfn} k/d zflGt ldNb5 ..!@..

cå]¨f ;j{e"tfgf+ d}qM s?0f Pj r .

lgd{df] lg/xËf/M ;db'Mv;'vM IfdL ..!#..

;Gt'¨M ;tt+ of]uL otfTdf b[9lgáoM .

døolk{tdgf]a'l4of]{ db\eQmM ; d] lk|oM ..!$..

h'g k'?if ;a} e"tx¿df å]ifefj/lxt, :jfy{/lxt, ;a}sf] k|]dL / x]t'/lxt bofn' 5 tyf ddtf/lxt, cxËf//lxt, ;'vb'Mvx¿sf] k|flKtdf ;d / Ifdfjfg\ 5 cyf{t\ ck/fw ug]{x¿nfO{ klg ceo lbG5, tyf hf] of]uL lg/Gt/ ;Gt'¨ 5, dg–OlGb|ox¿;lxt z/L/nfO{ jzdf sfod u/]sf] 5 / ddf b[9lglZrt 5, ddf ck{0f u/]sf] dg–a'l4o'Qm Tof] d]/f] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..!#–!$..

o:dfÙf]låht] nf]sf] nf]sfÙf]låht] r oM .

xiff{dif{eof]å]u}d'{Qmf] oM ; r d] lk|oM ..!%..

h;sf sf/0f s'g} klg hLj på]udf k'Ub}gg\ / hf] :jod\ klg s'g} hLjsf sf/0f på]udf kb{}g clg hf] xif{, cdif{ -csf{sf] pÙlt b]v]/ ;Gtfk x'g'_, eo cf} på]uflbaf6 /lxt 5, ToxL eQm d]/f nflu lk|o 5 ..!%..

cgk]IfM z'lrb{If pbf;Lgf] utJoyM .

;jf{/Dekl/TofuL of] db\eQmM ; d] lk|oM ..!^..

h'g k'?if cfsfª\Iff/lxt, aflx/–leq}b]lv z'4, rt'/, kIfkft/lxt cf} b'Mvx¿af6 cnUu 5, ;a} cf/Dex¿sf] TofuL Tof] d]/f] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..!^..

of] g Xiolt g å]l¨ g zf]rlt g sfª\Iflt .

z'efz'ekl/TofuL elQmdfGoM ; d] lk|oM ..!&..

hf] g slxNo} xlif{t x'G5, g å]if u5{, g zf]s u5{, g sfdgf u5{ tyf hf] z'e / cz'e ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿sf] TofuL 5, Tof] elQmo'Qm k'?if d]/f nflu lk|o 5 ..!&..

;dM zqf} r ldq] r tyf dfgfkdfgof]M .

zLtf]i0f;'vb'Mv]if' ;dM ;Íljjlh{tM ..!*..

hf] zq'–ldqdf / dfg–ckdfgdf ;d 5 tyf hf8f], udL{ / ;'v–b'Mvflb åGåx¿df ;d 5, clg cf;lQmn] /lxt 5 == ==..!*..

t'NolgGbf:t'ltdf}{gL ;Gt'¨f] o]g s]glrt\ .

clgs]tM l:y/dlte{lQmdfGd] lk|of] g/M ..!(..

hf] lgGbf–:t'ltnfO{ ;dfg ;DemG5, dggzLn 5 / h'g;'s} k|sf/n] klg z/L/sf] lgaf{x x'g'df ;bf ;Gt'¨ 5, clg a:g] :yfgdf ddtf / cf;lQmn] /lxt 5, Tof] l:y/a'l4 elQmdfg\ k'?if dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..!(..

o] t' wDof{d[tldb+ oyf]Qm+ ko'{kf;t] .

>2wfgf dTk/df eQmf:t]›tLj d] lk|ofM ..@)..

hf] >4fo'Qm k'?if d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf wd{do cd[tnfO{ lgisfd k|efjn] ;]jg ub{5g\, tL eQm dnfO{ cltzo lk|o 5g\ ..@)..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] elQmof]uf]

gfd åfbzf]›WofoM ..!@..

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cy qof]bzf]›WofoM ..!#..

>Leujfg'jfr

Ob+ z/L/+ sf}Gt]o If]qldTolewLot] .

PtBf] j]lQ t+ k|fx'M If]q1 Olt tlåbM ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g  ¤ of] z/L/ ‘If]q’ gfdn] af]nfOG5 / o;nfO{ h;n] hfGb5 p;nfO{ ‘If]q1’ elgG5 eg]/ tŒj hfÙ] 1fgLhg eGb5g\ ..!..

If]q1+ rflk df+ ljl4 ;j{If]q]if' ef/t .

If]qIf]q1of]1f{g+ oQH1fg+ dt+ dd ..@..

x] ch'{g ¤ ltdL ;a} If]qx¿df If]q1 cyf{t\ hLjfTdf klg d}nfO{ hfg clg If]q–If]q1nfO{ cyf{t\ ljsf/;lxt k|s[lt / k'?ifnfO{ h'g tŒjn] hfÙ'k5{, Tof] 1fg xf] eÙ] d]/f] dt 5 ..@..

oTIf]q+ oRr ofb[Sr olåsfl/ otá ot\ .

; r of] oTk|efjá tT;df;]g d] ð[0f' ..#..

Tof] If]q h'g / h:tf] 5 tyf h'g ljsf/x¿n] o'Qm 5, clg h'g sf/0fn] h:tf] ePsf] 5, tyf Tof] If]q1 klg hf] / h:tf] k|efjo'St 5, Tof] ;a ;ª\If]kdf daf6 ;'g ..#..

Cliflea{x'wf uLt+ 5Gbf]lelj{ljw}M k[ys\ .

a|é;"qkb}á}j x]t'db\lelj{lglát}M .$..

of] If]q / If]q1sf] tŒj Clifx¿åf/f w]/} k|sf/n] elgPsf] 5 / ljljw j]bdGqx¿åf/f klg ljefuk"j{s elgPsf] 5 clg 7Ls7Ls;Fu lgZro ul/Psf o'lQmo'Qm a|é;"qsf kbx¿åf/f klg elgPsf] 5 ..$..

dxfe"tfGoxËf/f] a'l4/JoQmd]j r .

OlGb|ofl0f bz}s+ r k~r r]lGb|ouf]r/fM ..%..

kfFr dxfe"t, cxËf/, a'l4 / d"n k|s[lt klg tyf b; OlGb|ox¿, Ps dg cf} kfFr OlGb|ox¿sf ljifox¿ cyf{t\ zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /; clg uGw== ==..%..

OR5f å]ifM ;'v+ b'Mv+ ;Îftá]tgf w[ltM .

PtTIf]q+ ;df;]g ;ljsf/d'bfXtd\ ..^..

tyf OR5f, å]if, ;'v, b'Mv, :y"n b]xsf] lk08 r]tgf Pjd\ w[lt– o;k|sf/ ljsf/x¿;lxt o; If]qsf] af/]df ;ª\If]kdf elgof] ..^..

cdflgTjdblDeTjdlx+;f IfflGt/fh{jd\ .

cfrfof{]kf;g+ zf}r+ :y}o{dfTdljlgu|xM ..&..

>]©tfsf] cledfgsf] cefj, bDefr/0fsf] cefj, s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/n] g;tfpg', Ifdfefj, dg–jf0fL cflbsf] ;/ntf, >4f– elQm;lxt u'?sf] ;]jf, aflx/L–leqL z'l4, cGtMs/0fsf] l:y/tf clg dg–OlGb|ox¿;lxt z/L/sf] lgu|x==..&..

OlGb|ofy{]if' j}/fUodgxËf/ Pj r .

hGdd[To'h/fJoflwb'Mvbf]iffg'bz{gd\ ..*..

of] nf]s / k/nf]ssf ;Dk"0f{ ef]ux¿df cf;lQmsf] cefj clg cxËf/sf] klg cefj, hGd, d[To', a'9Øf}nL / /f]u cflbdf b'Mv cf} bf]ifx¿sf af/]df af/Daf/ ljrf/ ug'{ ==..*..

c;lQm/gleijÍM k'qbf/u[xflbif' .

lgTo+ r ;dlrQTjld¨flg¨f]kklQif' ..(..

k'q, :qL, 3/ cf} wg cflbdf cf;lQmsf] cefj, ddtf gx'g' tyf lk|o / clk|osf] k|flKtdf ;bf–;bf lrQ ;dfg /xg' ==..(..

dlo rfgGoof]u]g elQm/Jolerfl/0fL .

ljljQmb]z;]ljTjd/lth{g;+;lb ..!)..

d k/d]à/df cgGo of]uåf/f cJolerfl/0fL elQm tyf PsfGt / z'4 b]zdf /xg] :jefj cf} ljifof;Qm dg'iox¿sf] ;d'bfodf k|]d gx'g' ..!)..

cWofTd1fglgToTj+ tŒj1fgfy{bz{gd\ .

PtH1fgldlt k|f]Qmd1fg+ obtf]›Goyf ..!!..

cWofTd1fgdf lgTo l:ylt clg tŒj1fgsf] cy{¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ g} b]Vg'– of] ;a} 1fg xf] / hf] o;b]lv ljk/Lt 5 ToxL xf] c1fg, o:tf] elgPsf] 5 ..!!..

1]o+ oQTk|jIofld oH1fTjfd[tdZg't] .

cgflbdTk/+ a|é g ;QÙf;b'Rot] ..!@..

hf] hfÙsf nflu of]Uo 5, h'g s'/f hfg]/ dg'io k/dfgGbdf k'Ub5g\, Tof] ;a d /fd|/L eÙ]5' . Tof] cgflb k/da|énfO{ g ;t\ g} elgG5, g c;t\ g} ..!@..

;j{tM kfl0fkfb+ tT;j{tf]›lIflz/f]d'vd\ .

;j{tM >'ltdNnf]s] ;j{dfj[To lt©lt ..!#..

k/dfTdf ;a}lt/ xft–uf]8f ePsf], ;a}lt/ g]q, lz/ / d'v ePsf] tyf ;a}lt/ sfg ePsf] 5, lsgeg] Tof] ;+;f/df ;a}nfO{ JofKt u/]/ l:yt 5 ..!#..

;j{]lGb|ou'0ffef;+ ;j{]lGb|oljjlh{td\ .

c;Qm+ ;j{e[Rr}j lgu'{0f+ u'0fef]Q[m r ..!$..

Tof] ;Dk"0f{ OlGb|ox¿sf ljifox¿sf] hfgsf/ 5, t/ jf:tjdf ;a} OlGb|ox¿n] /lxt 5 clg cf;lQm/lxt eP/ klg ;a}sf] wf/0f–kf]if0f ug]{ / lgu'{0f eP/ klg u'0fx¿ ef]Ug] ub{5 ..!$..

alx/Gtá e"tfgfdr/+ r/d]j r .

;"IdTjfQblj1]o+ b"/:y+ rflGts] r tt\ ..!%..

Tof] ;a} r/fr/ e"tx¿sf aflx/–leq ;a}lt/ kl/k"0f{ 5 / r/–cr/ klg pxL xf] . clg Tof] ;"Id eP/ klg clj1]o 5 tyf clt ;dLkdf Pjd\ b"/tfdf klg pxL l:yt 5 ..!%..

cljeQm+ r e"t]if' ljeQmldj r l:ytd\ .

e"tet{[ r tH1]o+ u|l;i0f' k|elji0f' r ..!^..

k/dfTdf ljefu/lxt Ps¿kn] cfsfzsf em}F kl/k"0f{ eP/ klg r/fr/ ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df ljeQmem}F l:yt k|tLt x'G5 clg Tof] hfÙ of]Uo k/dfTdf lji0f'¿kn] e"tx¿nfO{ wf/0f–kf]if0f ug{]jfnf / ?b|¿kn] ;+xf/ ug{]jfnf tyf a|éf¿kn] ;a}nfO{ pTkÙ ug{]jfnf 5 ..!^..

Hof]ltiffdlk tHHof]lt:td;M k/d'Rot] .

1fg+ 1]o+ 1fguDo+ Xlb ;j{:o ljl©td\ ..!&..

k/a|é Hof]ltx¿sf] klg Hof]lt xf] / Tof] dfofaf6 cToGt k/ 5 elgG5 . k/dfTdf af]w:j¿k hfÙ of]Uo Pjd\ tŒj1fgn] k|fKt ug{ of]Uo 5, cf} ;a}sf Xbodf ljz]if¿kn] l:yt 5 ..!&..

Olt If]q+ tyf 1fg+ 1]o+ rf]Qm+ ;df;tM .

db\eQm Ptlå1fo db\efjfof]kkBt] ..!*..

o;k|sf/ If]q tyf 1fg / hfÙ nfos k/dfTdfsf] :j¿ksf] af/]df ;ª\If]kdf elgof] . d]/f eQmx¿ o;nfO{ tŒjaf6} a'em]/ d]/f] :j¿kdf ldNb5g\ ..!*..

k|s[lt+ k'?if+ r}j lj4ØgfbL pefjlk .

ljsf/f+á u'0ff+á}j ljl4 k|s[lt;Dejfg\ ..!(..

k|s[lt / k'?if oL b'j}nfO{ ltdLn] cgflb x'g\ eg]/ hfg . /fuå]ifflb ljsf/x¿nfO{ tyf lqu'0ffTds ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{x¿nfO{ klg k|s[ltaf6} pTkÙ x'g\ eg]/ hfg ..!(..

sfo{s/0fst{[Tj] x]t'M k|s[lt?Rot] .

k'?ifM ;'vb'Mvfgf+ ef]Q[mTj] x]t'?Rot] ..@)..

sfo{ -cfsfz, jfo', hn, clUg / k[YjL tyf zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /;, uGw cflbsf] gfd ‘sfo{’ xf]_ / s/0f -a'l4, cxËf/ / dg tyf >f]q, Tjrf, /;gf, g]q / 3|f0f Pjd\ jfs\, x:t, kfb, pk:y / u'bf oL t]îsf] gfd ‘s/0f’ xf]_ nfO{ pTkÙ ug'{sf] p2]Zo k|s[lt g} xf] elgG5 / hLjfTdfnfO{ ;'vb'Mvx¿sf] ef]Qmfkgdf cyf{t\ ef]Ugdf p2]Zo elgG5 ..@)..

k'?ifM k|s[lt:yf] lx e'ª\Qm] k|s[lthfGu'0ffg\ .

sf/0f+ u'0f;Íf]›:o ;b;Bf]lghGd;' ..@!..

k|s[ltd} l:yt k'?ifn] k|s[ltaf6 pTkÙ lqu'0ffTds kbfy{x¿nfO{ ef]Ub5 . oL u'0fx¿sf] ;Ít g} o; hLjfTdfn] c;n–v/fa of]lgx¿df hGd lng'sf] sf/0f xf] ..@!..

pkb|¨fg'dGtf r etf{ ef]Qmf dx]à/M .

k/dfTd]lt rfKo'Qmf] b]x]›l:dGk'?ifM k/M ..@@..

o; b]xdf l:yt of] cfTdf jf:tjdf k/dfTdf g} xf] . cfTdf ;fIfL x'gfsf sf/0f pkb|¨f, oyfy{ ;Ddlt lbg] x'gfn] cg'dGtf, ;a}nfO{ wf/0f–kf]if0f ug{] x'gfn] etf{, hLj¿kn] ef]Qmf, a|éf cflbsf] :jfdL x'gfn] dx]à/ clg z'4 ;lRrbfgGb3g x'g] x'gfn] k/dfTdf xf] eg]/ elgPsf] 5 ..@@..

o Pj+ j]lQ k'?if+ k|s[lt+ r u'0f}M ;x .

;j{yf jt{dfgf]›lk g ; e"of]›lehfot] ..@#..

o;k|sf/ k'?ifnfO{ / u'0fx¿;lxtsf] k|s[ltnfO{ h'g dg'ion] tŒjl;t hfGb5, pm ;a} k|sf/n] st{Josd{ ub{} eP/ klg k'gM hGdFb}g ..@#..

Wofg]gfTdlg kZolGt s]lrbfTdfgdfTdgf .

cGo] ;fª\Vo]g of]u]g sd{of]u]g rfk/] ..@$..

k/dfTdfnfO{ sltko dg'ion] z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4n] Wofgåf/f Xbodf b]Vt5g\, cGo sltkon] rflxF 1fgof]uåf/f / c¿ sltkon] rflxF sd{of]uåf/f k|fKt ub{5g\ ..@$..

cGo] Tj]jdhfgGtM >'TjfGo]Eo pkf;t] .

t]›lk rfltt/GTo]j d[To'+>'ltk/fo0ffM ..@%..

k/Gt' logLx¿afx]s c¿ cyf{t\ hf] dGba'l4 ePsf k'?if 5g\, ltgLx¿n] o;k|sf/ ghfÙ] x'gfn] c¿x¿af6 cyf{t\ tŒj hfÙ] k'?ifx¿af6 ;'g]/} tbg';f/ pkf;gf ub{5g\ . clg tL >j0fk/fo0f k'?if klg d[To'¿k ;+;f/–;fu/nfO{ lgM;Gb]x t/]/ hfG5g\ ..@%..

ofjT;~hfot] lsl~rT;Œj+ :yfj/hÍdd\ .

If]qIf]q1;+of]ufQlål4 e/tif{e ..@^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ hlt klg :yfj/–hÍd k|f0fL pTkÙ x'G5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ltdL If]q / If]q1sf] ;+of]uaf6 g} pTkÙ ePsf x'g\ eg]/ hfg ..@^..

;d+ ;j{]if' e"t]if' lt©Gt+ k/d]à/d\ .

ljgZoT:jljgZoGt+ oM kZolt ; kZolt ..@&..

h'g k'?ifn] g¨ eO/x]sf ;a} r/fr/ e"tx¿df k/d]à/nfO{ gfz/lxt cf} ;defjn] l:yt b]Vt5, p;}n] oyfy{ b]Vt5 ..@&..

;d+ kZolGx ;j{q ;djl:ytdLà/d\ .

g lxg:TofTdgfTdfg+ ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..@*..

lsgls h'g k'?ifn] ;a}df ;defjn] l:yt k/d]à/nfO{ ;dfg b]Vt} cfkm"åf/f cfkm}FnfO{ g¨ ub{}g, p;n] k/dult k|fKt ub{5 ..@*..

k|s[To}j r sdf{l0f lj|modf0fflg ;j{zM .

oM kZolt tyfTdfgdstf{/+ ; kZolt ..@(..

clg h'g k'?ifn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ ;a} k|sf/n] k|s[ltåf/f g} ul/Psf] b]Vt5 / cfTdfnfO{ cstf{ b]Vt5, p;}n] oyfy{ b]Vt5 ..@(..

obf e"tk[yUefjd]s:ydg'kZolt .

tt Pj r lj:tf/+ a|é ;DkBt] tbf ..#)..

h'g If0fdf o; k'?ifn] e"tx¿sf k[ys\–k[ys\ efjx¿nfO{ Ps k/dfTdfdf g} l:yt tyf ;f]xL k/dfTdfaf6} ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf] lj:tf/ ePsf] b]Vt5, To;} If0fdf pm ;lRrbfgGb3g a|édf ldNb5 ..#)..

cgflbTjflÙu'{0fTjfTk/dfTdfodJooM .

z/L/:yf]›lk sf}Gt]o g s/f]lt g lnKot] ..#!..

x] ch'{g  ¤ cgflb x'gfn] jf lgu'{0f x'gfn] g} of] cljgfzL k/dfTdf z/L/df l:yt eP/ klg jf:tjdf g s]xL ub{5 g t lnKt g} x'G5 ..#!..

oyf ;j{ut+ ;f}IDofbfsfz+ gf]klnKot] .

;j{qfjl:ytf] b]x] tyfTdf gf]klnKot] ..#@..

h;/L ;j{q JofKt cfsfz ;"Id x'gfsf sf/0fn] lnKt x'Fb}g, To;}u/L b]xdf ;j{q l:yt cfTdf klg lgu'{0f x'gfsf sf/0f b]xsf u'0fx¿df lnKt x'Fb}g ..#@..

oyf k|sfzoTo]sM s[T:g+ nf]sldd+ /ljM .

If]q+ If]qL tyf s[T:g+ k|sfzolt ef/t ..##..

x] ch'{g ¤ h;/L Ps} ;"o{n] o; ;Dk"0f{ a|éf08nfO{ k|sflzt ub{5, p;}u/L Ps} cfTdfn] ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ k|sflzt ub{5 ..#@..

If]qIf]q1of]/]jdGt/+ 1fgrIf'iff .

e"tk|s[ltdf]If+ r o] ljb'of{lGt t] k/d\ ..#$..

o;k|sf/ If]q / If]q1sf aLrsf] e]bnfO{ tyf sfo{;lxt k|s[ltaf6 d'Qm x'gsf nflu hf] k'?if 1fg–g]qx¿åf/f tŒj}b]lv hfGb5g\, tL dxfTdfhg k/da|é k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5g\ ..#$..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] If]qIf]q1ljefuof]uf] gfd qof]bzf]›WofoM ..!#..

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ç

cy rt'b{zf]›WofoM ..!$..

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k/+ e"oM k|jIofld 1fgfgf+ 1fgd'Qdd\ .

oH1fTjf d'goM ;j{] k/f+ l;l4ldtf] utfM ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– 1fgx¿df klg clt pQd To; k/d1fgsf] af/]df d km]l/ eÙ]5', h;nfO{ hfg]/ ;a} d'lghgn] o; ;+;f/af6 d'Qm eP/ k/d l;l4 kfP ..!..

Ob+ 1fgd'kfl>To dd ;fwDo{dfutfM .

;u{]›lk gf]khfoGt] k|no] g JoylGt r ..@..

o; 1fgnfO{ cf>o u/]/ cyf{t\ wf/0f u/]/ d]/f] :j¿kdf k|fKt ePsf k'?ifx¿ ;[l¨sf] cflbdf k'gM pTkÙ x'Fb}gg\ / k|nosfndf klg Jofs'n x'Fb}gg\ ..@..

dd of]lgd{xb\a|é tl:dGue{+ bwfDoxd\ .

;DejM ;j{e"tfgf+ ttf] ejlt ef/t ..#..

x] ch'{g  ¤ d]/f] dxt\–a|é¿k d"n k|s[lt ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf] of]lg xf], cyf{t\ uef{wfgsf] :yfg xf] . d To; of]lgdf r]tg ;d'bfo¿k ue{nfO{ :yfkgf ub{5' . To; h8–r]tgsf] ;+of]uaf6 ;a} e"tx¿sf] pTklQ x'G5 ..#..

;j{of]lgif' sf}Gt]o d"t{oM ;DejlGt ofM .

tf;f+ a|é dxBf]lg/x+ aLhk|bM lktf ..$..

x] ch'{g  ¤ gfgf k|sf/sf ;a} of]lgx¿df hlt d"lt{x¿ cyf{t\ z/L/wf/L k|f0fL pTkÙ x'G5g\, k|s[lt t tL ;a}sf] ue{wf/0f ug{] dftf xf], / d aLhsf] :yfkgf ug{]jfnf lktf x'F ..$..

;Œj+ /h:td Olt u'0ffM k|s[lt;DejfM .

lgaWglGt dxfafxf] b]x] b]lxgdJood\ ..%..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ;Œju'0f, /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f oL k|s[ltaf6 pTkÙ tLg} u'0fn] cljgfzL hLjfTdfnfO{ z/L/df afFWb5g\ ..%..

tq ;Œj+ lgd{nTjfTk|sfzsdgfdod\ .

;'v;Í]g aWgflt 1fg;Í]g rfg3 ..^..

x] lgikfk ¤ tL tLg} u'0fx¿df ;Œju'0f lgd{n x'gfsf sf/0f k|sfzdo / ljsf//lxt x'G5, To;n] hLjfTdfnfO{ ;'vsf] ;DaGwn] / 1fgsf] ;DaGwn] cyf{t\ ltgsf] cledfgn] afFWb5 . ..^..

/hf] /fufTds+ ljl4 t[i0ff;Í;d'b\ejd\ .

tlÙaWgflt sf}Gt]o sd{;Í]g b]lxgd\ ..&..

x] ch'{g  ¤ /fu¿knfO{ /hf]u'0fsf] sfdgf / cf;lQmaf6 pTkÙ x'g] xf] eÙ] hfg . To;n] o; hLjfTdfnfO{ sd{x¿sf] / ltgsf kmnsf] ;DaGwn] afFWb5 ..&..

td:Tj1fgh+ ljl4 df]xg+ ;j{b]lxgfd\ .

k|dfbfn:olgb|fle:tlÙaWgflt ef/t ..*..

x] ch'{g ¤ ;a} b]xfledfgLx¿nfO{ df]lxt ug]{ ePsf] tdf]u'0fnfO{ c1fgaf6 pTkÙ ePsf] xf] eÙ] hfg . To;n] o; hLjfTdfnfO{ k|dfb, cfn:o / lgb|fåf/f afFWb5 ..*..

;Œj+ ;'v] ;~holt /hM sd{l0f ef/t .

1fgdfj[To t' tdM k|dfb] ;~hoTo't ..(..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ;Œju'0fn] ;'vdf nufpFb5, /hf]u'0fn] sd{df tyf tdf]u'0fn] rflxF 1fgnfO{ 9fs]/ k|dfbdf klg nufpFb5 ..(..

/h:tdáflee"o ;Œj+ ejlt ef/t .

/hM ;Œj+ tdá}j tdM ;Œj+ /h:tyf ..!)..

x] ch'{g  ¤ /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fnfO{ bdg u/]/ ;Œju'0f, / ;Œju'0f / tdf]u'0fnfO{ bdg u/]/ /hf]u'0f clg To;} u/L ;Œju'0f / /hf]u'0fnfO{ bdg u/]/ tdf]u'0f a9\b5 ..!)..

;j{åf/]if' b]x]›l:dGk|sfz pkhfot] .

1fg+ obf tbf ljBflåj[4+ ;ŒjldTo't ..!!..

h'g ;dodf b]x tyf cGtMs/0f / OlGb|ox¿df r]tgtf / ljj]szlQm pTkÙ x'G5, To; ;dodf ;Œju'0f a9]sf] 5 eg]/ hfÙ'kb{5 ..!!..

nf]eM k|j[lQ/f/DeM sd{0ffdzdM :k[xf .

/h:o]tflg hfoGt] ljj[4] e/tif{e ..!@..

x] ch'{g ¤ /hf]u'0f a9\gfn] nf]e, k|j[lQ, :jfya{'l4af6 sd{x¿sf] ;sfdefjn] cf/De, czflGt / ljifoef]ux¿sf] nfn;f– oL ;a} pTkÙ x'G5g\ ..!@..

ck|sfzf]›k|j[lQá k|dfbf] df]x Pj r .

td:o]tflg hfoGt] ljj[4] s'?gGbg ..!#..

x] s'?gGbg ¤ tdf]u'0f a9\gfn] cGtMs/0f / OlGb|ox¿df ck|sfz, st{Jo–sd{x¿df ck|j[lQ / k|dfb cyf{t\ Joy{ r]¨f cf} lgb|flb cGtMs/0fsf df]lxgL j[lQx¿– oL ;a} pTkÙ x'G5g\ ..!#..

obf ;Œj] k|j[4] t' k|no+ oflt b]xe[t\ .

tbf]Qdljbf+ nf]sfgdnfGk|ltkBt] ..!$..

ha dg'iox¿ ;Œju'0fsf] j[l4df d[To'df k5{g\, ta tL pQd sd{ ug{] dflg;x¿ lgd{n lbJo :juf{lb nf]sx¿df k'Ug kfpF5g\ ..!$..

/hl; k|no+ uTjf sd{;lÍif' hfot] .

tyf k|nLg:tdl; d"9of]lgif' hfot] ..!%..

/hf]u'0f a9\bfsf avt d[To'df k¥of] eg] sd{x¿df cf;lQmo'Qm Tof] dg'io ¿kdf pTkÙ x'G5 . tdf]u'0f a9\bfsf ;dodf d/]sf] dg'io sL6, kz' cflb d"9of]lgx¿df pTkÙ x'G5 ..!%..

sd{0fM ;'s[t:ofx'M ;flŒjs+ lgd{n+ kmnd\ .

/h;:t' kmn+ b'Mvd1fg+ td;M kmnd\ ..!^..

;flŒjs cyf{t\ ;'v, 1fg / j}/fUo cflb lgd{n kmn >]© sd{sf] xf] elgPsf] 5, /fh; sd{sf] kmn b'Mv Pjd\ tfd; sd{sf] kmn c1fg x'G5 elgPsf] 5 ..!^..

;ŒjfT;~hfot] 1fg+ /h;f] nf]e Pj r .

k|dfbdf]xf} td;f] ejtf]›1fgd]j r ..!&..

;Œju'0faf6 1fg pTkÙ x'G5, /hf]u'0faf6 lg:;Gb]x nf]e tyf tdf]u'0faf6 k|dfb / df]x pTkÙ x'G5g\ clg c1fg klg x'G5 ..!&..

pmWj{+ uR5lGt ;Œj:yf dWo] lt©lGt /fh;fM .

h3Gou'0fj[lQ:yf cwf] uR5lGt tfd;fM ..!*..

;Œju'0fdf l:yt k'?ifx¿ :juf{lb pRr nf]sx¿tkm{ hfG5g\, /hf]u'0fdf l:yt /fh; k'?ifx¿ dWodf cyf{t\ dg'ionf]sd} /xG5g\ clg tdf]u'0fsf sfo{¿k lgb|f, k|dfb tyf cfn:oflbdf l:yt tfd; k'?ifx¿rflxF cwf]ultdf cyf{t\ sL6, kz' cflb gLr of]lgx¿df tyf g/sdf k'Ub5g\ ..!*..

gfGo+ u'0f]EoM stf{/+ obf b|¨fg'kZolt .

u'0f]Eoá k/+ j]lQ db\efj+ ;f]›lwuR5lt ..!(..

h'g ;dodf b|¨fn] tLg} u'0fx¿sf cltl/Qm cGo s;}nfO{ stf{sf] ¿kdf b]Vt}g clg tL tLg} u'0fx¿af6 cToGt cnUu /xg] ;lRrbfgGb3g:j¿k d k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒj}b]lv hfGb5, To; ;dodf pm d]/} :j¿kdf k'Ub5 ..!(..

u'0ffg]tfgtLTo qLGb]xL b]x;d'b\ejfg\ .

hGdd[To'h/fb'Mv}lj{d'Qmf]›d[tdZg't] ..@)..

z/L/sf] pTklQsf sf/0f:j¿k oL tLg} u'0fx¿nfO{ pNnÎg u/]/ of] k'?if hGd, d[To', j[4fj:yf / ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ k/dfgGbdf k'Ub5 ..@)..

ch'{g pjfr

s}ln{Í}:qLGu'0ffg]tfgtLtf] ejlt k|ef] .

lsdfrf/M sy+ r}tf+:qLGu'0ffgltjt{t] ..@!..

ch'{g n] eg]– oL tLg} u'0fx¿b]lv ctLt -k/sf]_ k'?if s'g–s'g nIf0fx¿n] o'Qm x'G5 cf} s'g k|sf/sf cfr/0fx¿ ePsf] x'G5 tyf x] k|ef] ¤ dg'io s'g pkfon] oL tLg} u'0fx¿eGbf ctLtdf x'G5 <..@!..

>Leujfg'jfr

k|sfz+ r k|j[lQ+ r df]xd]j r kf08j .

g å]l¨ ;Dk|j[Qflg g lgj[Qflg sfª\Iflt ..@@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– x] ch'{g ¤ h'g k'?if ;Œju'0fsf sfo{¿k k|sfznfO{ clg /hf]u'0fsf sfo{¿k k|j[lQnfO{ tyf tdf]u'0fsf sfo{¿k df]xnfO{ klg g t k|j[Q x'gfn] ltg;Fu å]if ub{5 g t lgj[Q x'gfn] ltgsf] cfsfª\Iff ub{5 ..@@..

pbf;Lgjbf;Lgf] u'0f}of{] g ljrfNot] .

u'0ff jt{Gt OTo]j of]›jlt¨lt g]Ít] ..@#..

h;nfO{ ;fIfLsf ;dfg l:yt ePsf u'0fx¿åf/f ljrlnt ug{ ;lsFb}g / u'0f}u'0fdf /xG5, o:tf] 7flgPsf] JolQm ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf PsLefjn] l:yt /xG5 Pjd\ To; l:yltaf6 slxNo} klg ljrlnt x'Fb}g ..@#..

;db'Mv;'vM :j:yM ;dnf]¨fZdsf~rgM .

t'Nolk|oflk|of] wL/:t'NolgGbfTd;+:t'ltM ..@$..

hf] lg/Gt/ cfTdefjdf l:yt, b'Mv–;'vnfO{ ;dfg ;Demg], df6f]–9'Íf / ;'gdf ;dfg efj /fVg], 1fgL, lk|o–clk|onfO{ Ps;dfg dfÙ] / cfkm\gf] lgGbf–:t'ltdf klg ;dfg efj /fVg] x'G5 ==..@$..

dfgfkdfgof]:t'No:t'Nof] ldqfl/kIfof]M .

;jf{/Dekl/TofuL u'0fftLtM ; pRot] ..@%..

hf] dfg / ckdfgdf ;d 5, ldq / j}/Lsf kIfdf klg ;d 5 Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ cf/Dedf stf{kgsf] cledfgn] /lxt 5, To; k'?ifnfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 ..@%..

df+ r of]›Jolerf/]0f elQmof]u]g ;]jt] .

; u'0ffG;dtLTo}tfGa|ée"ofo sNkt] ..@^..

clg hf] k'?if cJolerf/L elQmof]uåf/f dnfO{ lg/Gt/ eHb5, pm klg oL tLg} u'0fx¿nfO{ /fd|/L gf3]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|édf k'Ugsf nflu of]Uo aGb5 ..@^..

a|é0ff] lx k|lt©fxdd[t:ofJoo:o r .

zfàt:o r wd{:o ;'v:o}sflGts:o r ..@&..

lsgeg] To; cljgfzL k/a|ésf], cd[tsf] tyf lgTosd{sf] clg cv08 Ps/; cfgGbsf] cf>odf d 5' ..@&..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] u'0fqoljefuof]uf] gfd rt'b{zf]›WofoM ..!$..

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ç

cy k~rbzf]›WofoM ..!%..

>Leujfg'jfr

pmWj{d"ndwMzfvdàTy+ k|fx'/Jood\ .

5Gbf+l; o:o k0ff{lg o:t+ j]b ; j]bljt\ ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– cflbk'?if k/d]à/¿k d"nsf / a|éf¿k d'Vo zfvf ePsf h'g ;+;f/¿k kLkn j[IfnfO{ cljgfzL eGb5g\, tyf j]b h;sf kft elgPsf 5g\ . To; ;+;f/¿k j[IfnfO{ h'g k'?ifn] d"n;lxt tŒj}b]lv hfGb5, p;}n] j]bsf] tfTko{nfO{ a'em\b5 ..!..

cwáf]Wj{+ k|;[tf:t:o zfvf

u'0fk|j[4f ljifok|jfnfM .

cwá d"nfGog';Gttflg

sdf{g'aGwLlg dg'ionf]s] ..@..

To; ;+;f/j[Ifsf tLg} u'0f–¿k hnåf/f a9]sf Pjd\ ljifo–ef]u¿k sf]lknfo'Qm b]j, dg'io / lto{s\ cflb of]lg¿k zfvfx¿ tn / dfly ;j{q km}lnPsf 5g\ tyf dg'ionf]sdf sd{x¿sf cg';f/ afFWg] ePsf cxd\efj–ddtf clg jf;gf¿kL h/fx¿ klg tn / dfly ;a} nf]sx¿df JofKt eO/x]sf 5g\ ..@..

g ¿kd:o]x tyf]knEot]

gfGtf] g rflbg{ r ;Dk|lt©f .

càTyd]g+ ;'lj¿9d"n–

d;Íz:q]0f b[9]g l5Œjf ..#..

o; ;+;f/j[Ifsf] :j¿k h:tf] elgPsf] 5 To:t} oxfF ljrf/sfndf kfOFb}g, lsgls g o;sf] cflb 5, g t cGTo 5 . g t o;sf] 7Ls k|sf/sf] l:ylt g} 5 . o;sf/0f cxd\, ddtf / jf;gf¿k clt b[9 h/fx¿ ePsf] ;+;f/¿k o; kLknsf] ¿vnfO{ b[9 j}/fUo¿k z:qåf/f sf6]/ == ==..#..

ttM kb+ tTkl/dflu{tJo+

ol:dGutf g lgjt{lGt e"oM .

td]j rfB+ k'?if+ k|kB]

otM k|j[lQM k|;[tf k'/f0fL ..$..

pg} k/dkb¿k k/dk/d]à/nfO{ /fd|f];Fu vf]Hg'kb{5 . h;df uPsf k'?ifx¿ km]l/ kms{]/ o; ;+;f/df cfpFb}gg\ / h'g k/d]à/af6 o; k'/ftg ;+;f/j[Ifsf] k|j[lQ lj:tf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5, d To;} cflbk'?if gf/fo0fsf] z/0fdf 5' == ==..$..

lgdf{gdf]xf lht;Íbf]iff

cWofTdlgTof ljlgj[QsfdfM .

åGå}lj{d'QmfM ;'vb'Mv;~1}–

u{R5GTod"9fM kbdJoo+ tt\ ..%..

h;sf] dfg / df]x g¨ ePsf] 5, h;n] cf;lQm¿k bf]ifnfO{ lht]sf] 5, h;sf] k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf lgTo l:ylt 5 / h;sf sfdgfx¿ k"0f{¿kn] g¨ ePsf 5g\ tL ;'v–b'Mvgfds åGåx¿af6 ljd'Qm 1fgLhg pg} cljgfzL k/dkbdf k'Ub5g\ ..%..

g tb\ef;ot] ;"of{] g zzfËf] g kfjsM .

ob\uTjf g lgjt{Gt] t4fd k/d+ dd ..^..

h'g k/dkbdf k'u]kl5 dg'iox¿ kms{]/ o; ;+;f/df cfpFb}gg\, pQm :jod\k|sfz k/dkbnfO{ g ;"o{n] k|sflzt ug{ ;S5g\, g rGb|df / g t clUgn] g} . d]/f] k/dwfd ToxL xf] ..^..

dd}jf+zf] hLjnf]s] hLje"tM ;gftgM .

dgM if©fgLlGb|ofl0f k|s[lt:yflg sif{lt ..&..

o; b]xdf /x]sf] of] ;gftg hLjfTdf d]/} c+z xf] / oxL hLjfTdfn] k|s[ltdf l:yt dg clg kfFr} OlGb|ox¿nfO{ cfsif{0f ub{5 ..&..

z/L/+ objfKgf]lt oRrfKo'Tj|mfdtLà/M .

u[xLTj}tflg ;+oflt jfo'u{Gwflgjfzoft\ ..*..

jfo'n] uGwsf] :yfgaf6 uGwnfO{ h;/L u|x0f u/]/ nUb5, To;} u/L b]xflbsf] :jfdL hLjfTdf klg h'g z/L/nfO{ Tofu ub{5, To;af6 dg;lxt OlGb|ox¿nfO{ u|x0f u/]/ km]l/ h'g z/L/df k'Ub5, p;}df hfG5 ..*..

>f]q+ rIf'M :kz{g+ r /;g+ 3|f0fd]j r .

clw©fo dgáfo+ ljifofg'k;]jt] ..(..

of] hLjfTdf >f]q -sfg_, rIf' / Tjrfdf tyf /;gf, 3|f0f / dgdf cf>o u/]/ cyf{t\ oL ;a}sf ;xf/fn] g} ljifox¿sf] ;]jg ub{5 ..(..

pTj|mfdGt+ l:yt+ jflk e'~hfg+ jf u'0fflGjtd\ .

ljd"9f gfg'kZolGt kZolGt 1fgrIf'ifM ..!)..

z/L/nfO{ 5f8]/ hfFb} u/]sfx¿nfO{ cyjf z/L/df l:yt ePsfx¿nfO{ cyjf ljifox¿ ef]lu/x]sfx¿nfO{ o; k|sf/sf tLg} u'0fx¿n] o'Qm x'g] eP/ klg c1fgLhg hfGb}gg\ . s]jn 1fg¿k g]q ePsf ljj]szLn 1fgLn] dfq tŒj}b]lv a'em\b5g\ ..!)..

otGtf] of]lugá}g+ kZoGTofTdGojl:ytd\ .

otGtf]›Kos[tfTdfgf] g}g+ kZoGTor]t;M ..!!..

oTg ug{] of]uLhgn] klg cfkm\gf] Xbodf l:yt o; cfTdfnfO{ tŒj}b]lv hfGb5g\, t/ h;n] cfkm\gf] cGtMs/0fnfO{ z'4 kf/]sf] 5}g, To:tf c1fgLhgn] t oTg ul//x] klg o; cfTdfnfO{ lrGb}gg\ ..!!..

obflbTout+ t]hf] hub\ef;ot]›lvnd\ .

oRrGb|dl; oRRffUgf} tQ]hf] ljl4 dfdsd\ ..!@..

;"o{df l:yt h'g t]hn] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ k|sflzt ub{5 tyf h'g t]h rGb|dfdf 5 / h'g clUgdf 5, To;nfO{ klg d]/} t]h xf] eg]/ hfg ..!@..

ufdfljZo r e"tflg wf/ofDoxdf]h;f .

k'i0ffld rf}ifwLM ;jf{M ;f]df] e"Tjf /;fTdsM ..!#..

d cfkm}F k[YjLdf k|j]z u/]/ cfkm\gf] zlQmn] ;a} e"tx¿nfO{ wf/0f ub{5' clg /;:j¿k cyf{t\ cd[tdo rGb|df eP/ ;Dk"0f{ cf}iflwx¿nfO{ cyf{t\ jg:kltx¿nfO{ k'¨ kfb{5' ..!#..

cx+ j}àfg/f] e"Tjf k|fl0fgf+ b]xdfl>tM .

k|f0ffkfg;dfo'QmM krfDoÙ+ rt'lj{wd\ ..!$..

d cfkm}F ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf z/L/df l:yt /xg] k|f0f / ckfgn] ;+o'Qm j}àfg/ clUg¿k eP/ rf/ k|sf/sf cÙnfO{ -eIo, ef]Ho, n]xØ / rf]ioM rkfP/ vfOg] eIo, lglng] ef]Ho, rf6\g] n]xØ / r'l;g] rf]io_ krfpFb5' ...!$..

;j{:o rfx+ Xlb ;lÙlj¨f]–

dQM :d[lt1f{gdkf]xg+ r .

j]b}á ;j{}/xd]j j]Bf]–

j]bfGts[å]bljb]j rfxd\ ..!%..

d cfkm}F ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf Xbodf cGtof{dL ¿kn] l:yt 5' . daf6} :d[lt, 1fg / ckf]xg -ljrf/åf/f a'l4df a;]sf] ;+zo–ljko{o cflb bf]ifx¿nfO{ x6fpg]nfO{ ckf]xg elgG5_ x'G5 . ;a} j]bx¿åf/f d g} hflgg of]Uo 5' tyf j]bfGtsf stf{ / j]bx¿sf] hfgsf/ klg d cfkmF} g} x'F ..!%..

åfljdf} k'?iff} nf]s] If/áfIf/ Pj r .

If/M ;jf{l0f e"tflg s"6:yf]›If/ pRot] ..!^..

o; ;+;f/df gfzjfg\ / cljgfzL u/L oL b'O{ k|sf/sf k'?if 5g\ . logLx¿dWo] ;Dk"0f{ e"tk|f0fLx¿sf z/L/nfO{ gfzjfg\ / hLjfTdfnfO{ cljgfzL 5g\ elgG5 ..!^..

pQdM k'?if:TjGoM k/dfTd]To'bfXtM .

of] nf]sqodfljZo laeTo{Joo O{à/M ..!&..

oL b'j}eGbf pQd k'?if t cs{} 5, hf] tLg nf]sx¿df k|j]z u/]/ ;a}sf] wf/0f–kf]if0f ub{5 . p;nfO{ cljgfzL k/d]à/ cf} k/dfTdf eg]/ elgPsf] 5 ..!&..

o:dfTIf/dtLtf]›xdIf/fblk rf]QdM .

ctf]l:d nf]s] j]b] r k|lytM k'?iff]QdM ..!*..

d gfzjfg\ h8ju{–If]qaf6 ;j{yf ctLt -k/_ 5', clg cljgfzL hLjfTdfeGbf klg pQd x'F, o;sf/0f d nf]sdf / j]bdf klg k'?iff]Qd gfdn] k|l;4 5' ..!*..

of] dfd]jd;Dd"9f] hfgflt k'?iff]Qdd\ .

; ;j{ljb\ehlt df+ ;j{efj]g ef/t ..!(..

x] ef/t ¤ h'g 1fgL k'?if dnfO{ o;k|sf/ tŒj}b]lv k'?iff]Qd eg]/ lrGb5g\, tL ;j{1 k'?if ;a} k|sf/n] lg/Gt/ d jf;'b]j k/d]à/nfO{ g} eHb5g\ ..!(..

Olt u'ètd+ zf:qldbd'Qm+ dofg3 .

Ptb\a'b\Wjf a'l4dfG:ofTs[ts[Toá ef/t ..@)..

x] lgikfk ch'{g  ¤ o;k|sf/ of] clt /x:oo'Qm uf]kgLo zf:q dåf/f elgPsf] xf] . o;nfO{ tŒj}b]lv hfg]kl5 dg'io 1fgjfg\ Pjd\ s[tfy{ x'G5g\ .@)..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] k'?iff]Qdof]uf] gfd k~rbzf]›WofoM ..!%..

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ç

cy iff]8zf]›WofoM ..!^..

>Leujfg'jfr

ceo+ ;Œj;+z'l41f{gof]uJojl:yltM .

bfg+ bdá o1á :jfWofo:tk cfh{jd\ ..!..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– eosf] ;j{yf cefj, cGtMs/0fsf] k"0f{ lgd{ntf, tŒj1fgsf nflu Wofgof]udf lg/Gt/ b[9 l:ylt cf} ;flŒjs bfg, OlGb|ox¿sf] bdg, eujfg\, b]jtf / u'?hgx¿sf] k"hf tyf clUgxf]q cflb pQd sd{x¿sf] cfr/0f Pjd\ j]b–zf:qx¿sf] k7gkf7g tyf eujfg\sf gfd / u'0fx¿sf] sLt{g, :jwd{kfngsf nflu s¨;xg / z/L/ tyf OlGb|ox¿;lxt cGtMs/0fsf] ;/ntf === == ....

clx+;f ;Todj|mf]w:TofuM zflGt/k}z'gd\ .

bof e"t]ijnf]n'KTj+ dfb{j+ îL/rfknd\ ..@..

dg, jf0fL / z/L/n] s'g} k|sf/n] klg s;}nfO{ s¨ glbg', oyfy{ / lk|o efif0f, cfkm"nfO{ cksf/ ug]{x¿k|lt klg j|mf]w gx'g', sd{x¿df stf{kgsf] cledfgsf] Tofu, cGtMs/0fsf] pk/lt cyf{t\ lrQsf] r~rntfsf] cefj, s;}sf] klg lgGbflb gug{', ;a} e"t k|f0fLx¿df x]t'/lxt bof, OlGb|ox¿sf] ljifox¿sf ;fy ;+of]u eP/ klg ltgdf cf;lQm gx'g', sf]dntf, nf]s / zf:qlj?4 cfr/0fdf nHhf clg Joy{ r]¨fx¿sf] cefj == == ..@..

t]hM Ifdf w[ltM zf}rdb|f]xf] gfltdflgtf .

ejlGt ;Dkb+ b}jLdlehft:o ef/t ..#..

x] ch'{g  ¤ t]h, Ifdf, w}o{, aflx/L z'l4 Pjd\ s;}df klg zq'efj gx'g' / cfkm}Fdf k"Hotfsf] cledfgsf] cefj cflb b}jL ;DkbfnfO{ lnP/ pTkÙ ePsf k'?ifsf nIf0f x'g\ ..#..

bDef] bkf{]›ledfgá j|mf]wM kf?iod]j r .

c1fg+ rflehft:o kfy{ ;Dkbdf;'/Ld\ ..$..

x] kfy{ ¤ bDe, 3dG8 / cledfg tyf j|mf]w, s7f]/tf, c1fg cflb cf;'/L ;DkbfnfO{ lnP/ pTkÙ ePsf k'?ifsf nIf0fx¿ x'g\ ..$..

b}jL ;Dklådf]Iffo lgaGwfof;'/L dtf .

df z'rM ;Dkb+ b}jLdlehftf]›l; kf08j ..%..

b}jL ;Dkbf d'lQmsf nflu / cf;'/L ;Dkbf aGwgsf nflu dflgG5g\ . o;sf/0f x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL zf]s gu/, lsgls ltdL b}jL ;Dkbf lnP/ pTkÙ ePsf 5f} ..%..

åf} e"t;uf{} nf]s]›l:dGb}j cf;'/ Pj r .

b}jf] lj:t/zM k|f]Qm cf;'/+ kfy{ d] ð[0f' ..^..

x] ch'{g  ¤ o; nf]sdf e"tx¿sf] ;[l¨ cyf{t\ dg'io;d'bfo b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ M Ps b}jL k|s[lt ePsf / csf{ cf;'/L k|s[lt ePsf . ltgLx¿dWo] b}jL k|s[lt ePsfsf] af/]df t lj:tf/k"j{s elgof], ca ltdL cf;'/L k|s[lt ePsf dg'io;d'bfosf] af/]df klg lj:tf/k"j{s daf6 ;'g ..^..

k|j[lQ+ r lgj[lQ+ r hgf g ljb'/f;'/fM .

g zf}r+ gflk rfrf/f] g ;To+ t]if' ljBt] ..&..

c;'/ :jefj ePsf dg'io k|j[lQ / lgj[lQ b'j} u'0fnfO{ lrGb}gg\ . o;sf/0f ltgdf g aflx/L–leqL z'4tf 5 g >]© cfr/0f 5, clg g t ;Toefif0f g} x'G5 ..&..

c;Todk|lt©+ t] hubfx'/gLà/d\ .

ck/:k/;De"t+ lsdGoTsfdx}t'sd\ ..*..

cf;'/L k|s[lt ePsf tL dg'iox¿ hut\ cf>o/lxt, ;j{yf c;To / O{à/ljgf :jtM s]jn :qL–k'?ifsf] ;+of]un] pTkÙ xf] eGb5g\ . pgLx¿ eG7fG5g\– sfd g} o;sf] sf/0f xf], o;afx]s c¿ s] 5 / <..*..

Ptf+ b[l¨dj¨Eo g¨fTdfgf]›Nka'4oM .

k|ejGTo'u|sdf{0fM Ifofo hutf]›lxtfM ..(..

o; ldYof 1fgnfO{ cjnDag u/]/ h;sf] :jefj g¨ ePsf] 5 tyf h;sf] a'l4 dGb 5, ;a}sf] cksf/ ug{] Tof] j|m"/sdL{ dg'io s]jn hut\sf] gfzsf nflu dfq ;dy{ x'G5 ..(..

sfddfl>To b'ik"/+ bDedfgdbflGjtfM .

df]xfb\u[xLTjf;b\u|fxfGk|jt{Gt]›z'lrj|tfM ..!)..

Tof] bDe, dfg / dbn] o'Qm dg'io s'g} tl/sfn] klg k"0f{ gx'g] sfdgfx¿sf] cf>o lnP/, c1fgn] ldYof l;4fGtnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ clg e|¨ cfr/0fx¿nfO{ wf/0f u/]/ ;+;f/df ljr/0f ub{5 ..!)..

lrGtfdkl/d]of+ r k|nofGtfd'kfl>tfM .

sfdf]kef]uk/df Ptfjlblt lglátfM ..!!..

clg Tof] JolQm d[To'ko{Gt /xg] lsl;dsf c;ª\Vo lrGtfx¿sf] cf>o lng], ljifoef]ux¿ ef]Ugdf tTk/ /xg] / ‘olt g} ;'v xf]’ eÙ] dfÙ] vfnsf] x'G5 ..!!..

cfzfkfzzt}a{4fM sfdj|mf]wk/fo0ffM .

O{xGt] sfdef]ufy{dGofo]gfy{;~rofg\ ..!@..

cfzfsf ;}s8f}F kmfF;Lx¿n] afFlwPsf] Tof] dg'io sfd–j|mf]wsf] k/fo0f eP/ ljifoef]ux¿sf nflu cGofok"j{s wgflb kbfy{x¿sf] ;ª\u|x ug{] r]¨f ub{5 ..!@..

ObdB dof nAwldd+ k|fK:o] dgf]/yd\ .

Obd:tLbdlk d] eljiolt k'gw{gd\ ..!#..

d}n] cfh olt k|fKt u/F], ca of] dgf]/y k|fKt ug{]5' clg d]/f] ;fydf olt wg 5, ca km]l/ klg o:t} u/L wg sdfpg ;Sg]5' eg]/ pm ;f]Rt5 ..!#..

c;f} dof xtM zq'x{lgio] rfk/fglk .

O{à/f]›xdx+ ef]uL l;4f]›x+ anjfG;'vL ..!$..

Tof] zq' dåf/f dfl/of], ca c¿ tL zq'x¿nfO{ klg d dfg]{5' . d O{à/ x'F P]ào{ ef]u ug]{ x'F . d ;a} l;l4x¿n] o'Qm 5' / anjfg\ tyf ;'vL 5' .!$..

cf9Øf]›lehgjfgl:d sf]›Gof]›l:t ;b[zf] dof .

oIo] bf:ofld df]lbio OTo1fgljdf]lxtfM ..!%..

cg]slrQlje|fGtf df]xhfn;dfj[tfM .

k|;QmfM sfdef]u]if' ktlGt g/s]›z'rf} ..!^..

d Psbd wgL 5', d]/f w]/}hgf a8]a8] kl/jf/hg, cfkmGt–O¨ldq 5g\ . da/fa/ c¿ sf] 5 / < d o1 u¿Fnf, bfg lbpmFnf / cfdf]bk|df]b u¿Fnf . o;k|sf/ c1fgn] df]lxt /xg] tyf cg]s k|sf/n] e|ldt lrQ ePsf df]x¿k hfnn] ;dfj[t clg ljifoef]ux¿df cToGt cf;Qm c;'/x¿ 7"nf] / ckljq g/sdf v:t5g\ .!%–!^..

cfTd;DefljtfM :tAwf wgdfgdbflGjtfM .

ohGt] gfdo1}:t] bDe]gfljlwk"j{sd\ ..!&..

cfkm}FnfO{ >]© dfÙ] tL 3dG8L k'?ifn] wg / dfgsf] dbn] o'Qm eP/ s]jn gfddfqsf o1åf/f kfv08k"j{s zf:qljlw/lxt ohg ub{5g\ ..!&..

cxËf/+ an+ bk{ sfd+ j|mf]w+ r ;+l>tfM .

dfdfTdk/b]x]if' k|låifGtf]›Eo;"osfM ..!*..

tL cxËf/, an, 3dG8, sfdgf / j|mf]w cflbsf k/fo0f clg c¿sf] lgGbf ug{] k'?if cfkm\gf] / csf{sf] z/L/df l:yt cGtof{dL d;Fu å]if ug{] vfnsf x'G5g\ ..!*..

tfgx+ låiftM j|m"/fG;+;f/]if' g/fwdfg\ .

lIfkfDoh;|dz'efgf;'/Lij]j of]lgif' ..!(..

å]if ug{] ePsf tL kfkfrf/L / j|m"/sdL{ g/fwdx¿nfO{ d o; ;+;f/df k6sk6s cf;'/L of]lgx¿d} /flvlbG5' ..!(..

cf;'/L+ of]lgdfkÙf d"9f hGdlg hGdlg .

dfdk|fKo}j sf}Gt]o ttf] ofGTowdf+ ultd\ ..@)..

x] ch'{g  ¤ tL d"9x¿ ddf ;dflxt x'g gkfP/ g} hGd–hGd cf;'/L of]lgdf kb{5g\ . clg tL  To;eGbf klg cem gLr ultdf kb{5g\ cyf{t\ 3f]/ g/sx¿df kb{5g\ ..@)..

lqljw+ g/s:o]b+ åf/+ gfzgdfTdgM .

sfdM j|mf]w:tyf nf]e:t:dfb]tTqo+ Toh]t\ ..@!..

sfd, j|mf]w tyf nf]e oL tLg k|sf/sf g/ssf åf/x¿ cfTdfnfO{ gfz ug{]jfnf cyf{t\ cfTdfnfO{ cwf]ultdf nUg]jfnf 5g\ . ctPj oL tLg}nfO{ Toflulbg'kb{5 ..@!..

Pt}lj{d'QmM sf}Gt]o tdf]åf/}l:qleg{/M .

cfr/TofTdgM >]o:ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..@@..

x] ch'{g  ¤ g/ssf oL tLg} åf/x¿af6 d'Qm k'?if cfkm\gf] sNof0fsf] cfr/0f ub{5 . o;af6 p;n] k/dult cyjf dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..@@..

oM zf:qljlwd'T;[Ho jt{t] sfdsf/tM .

g ; l;l4djfKgf]lt g ;'v+ g k/f+ ultd\ ..@#..

h'g k'?ifn] zf:qljlwnfO{ Tofu]/ cfkm\gf] OR5fn] dgf]dfgL cfr/0f ub{5, pm g l;l4df k'U5, g t p;n] k/dult / ;'v g} kfpg ;S5 ..@#..

t:dfR5f:q+ k|df0f+ t] sfof{sfo{Jojl:ytf} .

1fTjf zf:qljwfgf]Qm+ sd{ st'{ldxfx{l; ..@$..

o;af6 a'em, ltd|f nflu st{Jo / cst{Josf] Joj:yfdf zf:q g} k|df0f xf] . ltdL zf:qljlwn] lgot sd{ ug{ dfq of]Uo 5f} eÙ] klg a'em ..@$..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] b}jf;'/;Dklefuof]uf] gfd iff]8zf]›WofoM ..!^..

)))

 

ç

cy ;Ktbzf]›WofoM ..!&..

ch'{g pjfr

o] zf:qljlwd'T;[Ho ohGt] >4oflGjtfM .

t]iff+ lg©f t' sf s[i0f ;Œjdfxf] /h:tdM ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] s[i0f ¤ h'g dg'ion] zf:qljlw Tofu]/ >4fn] o'Qm eP/ b]jflbsf] k"hg ub{5, p;sf] l:yltrflxF s:tf] x'G5 < ;flŒjsL x'G5 ls /fh;L cyjf tfd;L < ..!..

>Leujfg'jfr

lqljwf ejlt >4f b]lxgf+ ;f :jefjhf .

;flŒjsL /fh;L r}j tfd;L r]lt tf+ ð[0f' ..@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– dg'iox¿sf] zf:qLo ;+:sf/x¿n] /lxt s]jn :jefjn] pTkÙ tL >4f ;flŒjsL, /fh;L / tfd;L oL tLg} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . ltdL o;af/]df klg daf6 ;'g ..@..

;Œjfg'¿kf ;j{:o >4f ejlt ef/t .

>4fdof]›o+ k'?iff] of] oR5«4M ; Pj ;M ..#..

x] ef/t ¤ ;a} dg'iox¿sf] >4f pgLx¿sf] cGtMs/0fs} cg'¿k x'G5 . k'?if >4fdo 5, o;sf/0f hf] k'?if h:tf] >4fo'Qm 5, pm cfkm F} klg ToxL xf] ..#..

ohGt] ;flŒjsf b]jfGoIf/Iff+l; /fh;fM .

k|]tfGe"tu0ff+áfGo] ohGt] tfd;f hgfM ..$..

;flŒjs k'?if b]jx¿nfO{ k'Hb5, /fh; k'?if oIf / /fIf;x¿nfO{ tyf cGo hf] tfd; dg'io 5g\ tL k|]t / e"tu0fnfO{ k'Hb5g\ ..$..

czf:qljlxt+ 3f]/+ tKot] o] tkf] hgfM .

bDefxËf/;+o'QmfM sfd/fuanflGjtfM ..%..

h'g dg'io zf:qljlw/lxt s]jn dgMslNkt 3f]/ tk:of ub{5g\ tyf bDe / cxËf/n] o'Qm Pjd\ sfdgf, cf;lQm / ansf] cledfgn] klg o'Qm 5g\ == ==..%..

sz{oGtM z/L/:y+ e"tu|fddr]t;M .

df+ r}jfGtMz/L/:y+ tflGj4Øf;'/lgáofg\ ..^..

hf] z/L/¿kn] l:yt e"t;d'bfonfO{ clg cGtMs/0fdf l:yt d k/dfTdfnfO{ klg b'a{n kfg]{ u5{g\, tL c1fgLx¿nfO{ ltdL c;'/ :jefjsf x'g\ eg]/ hfg ..^..

cfxf/:Tjlk ;j{:o lqljwf] ejlt lk|oM .

o1:tk:tyf bfg+ t]iff+ e]bldd+ ð[0f' ..&..

ef]hg klg ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf k|s[ltsf cg';f/ tLg k|sf/sf lk|o x'G5g\ . To;}u/L o1, tk / bfg klg tLg–tLg k|sf/s} x'G5g\ . ltgsf oL k[ys\–k[ys\ e]bx¿sf af/]df ltdL daf6 ;'g ..&..

cfo'M;Œjanf/f]Uo;'vk|Lltljjw{gfM .

/:ofM l:gUwfM l:y/f XBf–cfxf/fM ;flŒjslk|ofM ..*..

cfo', a'l4, an, cf/f]Uo, ;'v / k|Llt a9fpg] lsl;dsf, /;o'Qm, lrNnf / l:y/ /xg] lsl;dsf tyf :jefj}n] dgnfO{ lk|o cfxf/ ;flŒjs k'?ifsf nflu lk|o x'G5g\ ..*..

s6\jDnnj0ffTo'i0ftLI0f¿IfljbflxgM .

cfxf/f /fh;:o]¨f b'Mvzf]sfdok|bfM ..(..

cldnf, tLtf, g'lgnf, Psbd tftf, rlvnf, ?vf, kf]Ng] tyf b'Mv, lrGtf clg /f]ux¿nfO{ pTkÙ u/fpg] lsl;dsf cfxf/ ug{] kbfy{ /fh; k'?ifsf nflu lk|o x'G5g\ ..(..

oftofd+ ut/;+ k"lt ko'{lift+ r ot\ .

plR5¨dlk rfd]Wo+ ef]hg+ tfd;lk|od\ ..!)..

h'g ef]hg cfwf kfs]sf], /;/lxt, b'u{Gwo'Qm, af;L / plR5¨ -h'7f]_ 5 tyf h'g ckljq klg 5, Tof] ef]hg tfd; k'?ifsf nflu lk|o x'G5 ..!)..

ckmnfsfª\lIfleo{1f] ljlwb[¨f] o OHot] .

o¨Jod]j]lt dgM ;dfwfo ; ;flŒjsM ..!!..

zf:qljlwn] lgot, o1 ug'{ g} st{Jo xf] eÙ] k|sf/n] dgnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]/, kmn grfxg] lsl;dsf k'?ifx¿åf/f h] ul/G5, Tof] ;flŒjs xf] ..!!..

cle;Gwfo t' kmn+ bDefy{dlk r}j ot\ .

OHot] e/t>]© t+ o1+ ljl4 /fh;d\ ..!@..

k/Gt' x] ch'{g  ¤ s]jn bDefr/0fsf nflu cyjf kmnnfO{ klg b[l¨df /fv]/ h'g o1 ul/G5, To; o1nfO{ ltdL /fh;L xf] eÙ] a'em ..!@..

ljlwxLgd;[¨fÙ+ dGqxLgdblIf0fd\ .

>4flj/lxt+ o1+ tfd;+ kl/rIft] ..!#..

zf:qljlwn] xLg, cÙbfg/lxt, ljgfdGq, ljgfblIf0ff / ljgf>4f ul/g] o1nfO{ tfd; o1 elgG5 ..!#..

b]jlåhu'?k|f1k"hg+ zf}rdfh{jd\ .

a|éro{dlx+;f r zf/L/+ tk pRot] ..!$..

b]jtf, a|fé0f, u'? -oxfF ‘u'?’ zAbn] dftf, lktf, cfrfo{, j[4 Pjd\ cfkm"eGbf h'g;'s} lsl;dn] 7"nf 5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ a'em\g'k5{_ / 1fgLhgx¿sf] k"hg, kljqtf, ;/ntf, a|éro{ cf} clx+;fnfO{ z/L/;DaGwL tk elgG5 ..!$..

cg'å]us/+ jfSo+ ;To+ lk|olxt+ r ot\ .

:jfWofofEo;g+ r}j jfª\do+ tk pRot] ..!%..

på]u gug{], lk|o / lxtsf/s Pjd\ oyfy{ efif0f -dg clg OlGb|ox¿åf/f h:tf] cg'ej ul/G5, 7Ls To:t} af]Ng'nfO{ ‘oyfy{ efif0f’ elgG5_ h'g 5, tyf j]bzf:qx¿sf] k7gsf] Pjd\ k/d]à/sf] gfd–hksf] h'g cEof; 5, To;}nfO{ jf0fL;DaGwL tk elgG5 ..!%..

dgMk|;fbM ;f}DoTj+ df}gdfTdljlgu|xM .

efj;+z'l4l/To]tQkf] dfg;d'Rot] ..!^..

dgsf] k|;Ùtf, zfGtefj, eujlRrGtg ug{] :jefj, dgsf] lgu|x tyf cGtMs/0fsf efjx¿sf] elnefFtL kljqtf cflbnfO{ dg;DaGwL tk x'g\ elgG5 ..!^..

>4of k/of tKt+ tk:tlTqljw+ g/}M .

ckmnfsfª\lIfleo'{Qm}M ;flŒjs+ kl/rIft] ..!&..

kmnsf] rfxgf gug{] of]uL k'?ifx¿åf/f k/d >4fn] ul/Psf dfly plNnlvt tLg k|sf/sf tknfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..!&..

;Tsf/dfgk"hfy{+ tkf] bDe]g r}j ot\ .

lj|mot] tlbx k|f]Qm+ /fh;+ rndw|'jd\ ..!*..

h'g tk ;Tsf/, dfg / k"hfsf nflu tyf cGo s'g} :jfy{sf nflu klg :jefjn] of kfv08n] ul/G5, Tof] clglZrt Pjd\ Ifl0fs kmn lbg] tknfO{ oxfF /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..!*..

d"9u|fx]0ffTdgf] oTkL8of lj|mot] tkM .

k/:of]T;fbgfy{+ jf tQfd;d'bfXtd\ ..!(..

h'g tk d"9tfk"j{s x7n], dg, jf0fL / z/L/sf] kL8f;lxt cyjf c¿sf] clg¨ ug{sf nflu ul/G5, Tof] tk tfd; elgG5 ..!(..

bftJoldlt o2fg+ bLot]›g'ksfl/0f] .

b]z] sfn] r kfq] r t2fg+ ;flŒjs+ :d[td\ ..@)..

bfg lbg' g} st{Jo xf] eÙ] efjn] h'g bfg b]z, sfn / kfq k|fKt x'Fbf clg pksf/ gug]{x¿nfO{ lbOG5, To; bfgnfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 . -h'g b]z–sfn–kl/l:yltdf h'g j:t'sf] cefj x'G5, To;} j:t'åf/f k|f0fLx¿sf] ;]jf ug'{ of]Uo dflgG5 . ef]sf], cgfy, b'MvL, /f]uL, c;dy{ tyf leIf' cflbnfO{ cÙ, j:q, cf}iflw Pjd\ h'g j:t'sf] h;nfO{ cefj 5, To;} j:t'åf/f ;]jf ug'{nfO{ of]Uo kfq dflgG5 . o:t} >]i7 cfr/0f ePsf ljåfg\ a|fé0fhg wg cflb ;a} k|sf/sf kbfy{x¿åf/f ;]jf ug{sf nflu of]Uo kfq x'g\ elgG5 ._ ..@)..

oQ' k|To'ksf/fy{+ kmnd'l2Zo jf k'gM .

bLot] r kl/lSn¨+ t2fg+ /fh;+ :d[td\ ..@!..

h'g bfg Sn]zk"j{s tyf k|To'ksf/sf] k|of]hgn] cyjf kmnnfO{ b[l¨df /fv]/ lbOG5, Tof] bfg /fh; xf] elgPsf] 5 ..@!..

cb]zsfn] o2fgdkfq]Eoá bLot] .

c;Ts[tdj1ft+ tQfd;d'bfXtd\ ..@@..

h'g bfg ;Tsf/a]u/ cyjf lt/:sf/k"j{s cof]Uo b]z–sfndf / s'kfqsf k|lt lbOG5, Tof] bfg tfd; xf] elgPsf] 5 ..@@..

ç tT;lblt lgb{]zf] a|é0fl:qljwM :d[tM .

a|fé0ff:t]g j]bfá o1fá ljlxtfM k'/f ..@#..

ç, tt\ / ;t\ oL tLg k|sf/sf gfd ;lRrbfgGb3g a|ésf gfd x'g\ elgPsf] 5 . log}af6 ;[l¨sf] cflbsfndf a|fé0f, j]b tyf o1flb /lrP ..@#..

t:dfbf]ldTo'bfXTo o1bfgtkMlj|mofM .

k|jt{Gt] ljwfgf]QmfM ;tt+ a|éjflbgfd\ ..@$..

o;sf/0f j]b–dGqx¿sf] pRrf/0f ug{] >]i7 k'?ifx¿sf zf:qljlwn] lgot o1, bfg / tk¿k lj|mofx¿ ;bf k/dfTdfsf] gfd ‘ç’sf] pRrf/0f u/]/ dfq cf/De x'G5g\ ..@$..

tlbTogle;Gwfo kmn+ o1tkMlj|mofM .

bfglj|mofá ljljwfM lj|moGt] df]Ifsfª\lIfleM ..@%..

tt\ cyf{t\ ‘tt\’ gfdn] elgg] k/dfTdfs} of] ;a}yf]s xf] eÙ] efjn] kmnsf] rfxgf g/fvL gfgf k|sf/sf o1, tk¿k lj|mofx¿ tyf bfg¿k lj|mofx¿ sNof0fsf] OR5f ePsf k'?ifx¿n] ub{5g\ ..@%..

;b\efj] ;fw'efj] r ;lbTo]tTk|o'Hot] .

k|z:t] sd{l0f tyf ;R5AbM kfy{ o'Hot] ..@^..

o;/L k/dfTdfsf] gfd ‘;t\’nfO{ ;Toefjdf / >]©efjdf k|of]u ul/G5 . clg x] kfy{ ¤ pQd sd{df klg ‘;t\’ zAbsf] k|of]u ul/G5 ..@^..

o1] tkl; bfg] r l:yltM ;lblt rf]Rot] .

sd{ r}j tbyL{o+ ;lbTo]jflewLot] ..@&..

clg o1, tk tyf bfgdf hf] l:yt x'G5, Tof] klg ‘;t\’ eg]/} slxG5 . To; k/fdfTdfsf nflu ul/Psf sd{ lgZrok"j{s ‘;t\’ g} xf] eg]/ slxG5 ..@&..

c>4of x't+ bQ+ tk:tKt+ s[t+ r ot\ .

c;lbTo'Rot] kfy{ g r tTk|]To gf] Ox ..@*..

x] ch'{g  ¤ >4fa]u/ ul/Psf] xjg, lbOPsf] bfg Pjd\ ul/Psf] tk:of / c¿ h]hlt ul/Psf z'esd{ x'G5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ‘c;t\’ eg]/ slxG5 . o;sf/0f tL g t o; nf]sdf nfebfos x'G5g\ g t d/]kl5sf nflu g} ..@*..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] >4fqoljefuof]uf] gfd ;Ktbzf]›WofoM ..!&..

)))

 

ç

cyf¨fbzf]›WofoM ..!*..

ch'{g pjfr

;+Gof;:o dxfafxf] tŒjldR5fld j]lbt'd\ .

Tofu:o r XifLs]z k[ySs]lzlgif"bg ..!..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] dxfafxf] ¤ x] cGtofdL{ ¤ x] jf;'b]j ¤ d ;+Gof; / Tofusf tŒjx¿nfO{ k[ys\–k[ys\ ¿kdf hfÙ rfxG5' ..!..

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sfDofgf+ sd{0ff+ Gof;+ ;+Gof;+ sjof] ljb'M .

;j{sd{kmnTofu+ k|fx':Tofu+ ljrIf0ffM ..@..

>Leujfg\n] eÙ'eof]– w]/} kl08thg;d]t sfDo sd{sf] TofunfO{ ;+Gof; xf] eg]/ a'em\b5g\ . clg c¿ sltko ljrf/s'zn k'?ifx¿ ;a} sd{x¿sf] kmnsf] TofunfO{ Tofu eGb5g\ ..@..

TofHo+ bf]ifjlbTo]s] sd{ k|fx'd{gLlif0fM

o1bfgtkMsd{ g TofHoldlt rfk/] ..#..

sltko ljåfg\ s] eGb5g\ eg] ;d:t sd{x¿ bf]ifo'Qm 5g\, o;sf/0f TofHo 5g\ . c¿ ljåfg\x¿ o1, bfg / tk¿k sd{x¿nfO{ TofUg' of]Uo 5}g eGb5g\ ..#..

lgáo+ ð[0f' d] tq Tofu] e/t;Qd .

Tofuf] lx k'?ifJof3| lqljwM ;Dk|sLlt{tM ..$..

x] k'?if>]© ch'{g ¤ ;+Gof; / Tofu oL b'j}df klxn] Tofusf] ljifodf ltdL d]/f] lgZro ;'g, lsgls Tofu ;flŒjs, /fh; / tfd; e]bn] tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ elgPsf] 5 ..$..

o1bfgtkMsd{ g TofHo+ sfo{d]j tt\ .

o1f] bfg+ tká}j kfjgflg dgLlif0ffd\ ..%..

o1, bfg / tk¿k sd{x¿ Tofu ug{ of]Uo 5}gg\, a? oL t cjZo} st{Jo x'g\ . lsgls o1, bfg / tk oL tLg} sd{n] a'l4dfg\ k'?ifx¿nfO{ kljq ub{5g\ ..%..

PtfGolk t' sdf{l0f ;Í+ ToSTjf kmnflg r .

st{JofgLlt d] kfy{ lglát+ dtd'Qdd\ ..^..

o;sf/0f x] kfy{ ¤ oL o1, bfg / tk¿k sd{x¿ tyf c¿ klg ;Dk"0f{ st{Josd{x¿ cf;lQm / kmnx¿sf] Tofu u/]/ cjZo ug'{kb{5 . of] d}n] lgZro u/]sf] pQd dt xf] ..^..

lgot:o t' ;+Gof;M sd{0ff] gf]kkBt] .

df]xfQ:o kl/Tofu:tfd;M kl/sLlt{tM ..&..

-lglif4 / sfDo sd{x¿ Tofu ug'{ plrt g} 5_ k/Gt' lgot sd{x¿ Tofu ug'{ plrt 5}g . o;sf/0f df]xsf sf/0f ltgLx¿sf] Tofu ug'{nfO{ rflxF td; Tofu elgPsf] 5 ..&..

b'MvldTo]j oTsd{ sfoSn]zeofŒoh]t\ .

; s[Tjf /fh;+ Tofu+ g}j Tofukmn+ ne]t\ ..*..

h]hlt sd{ 5g\, tL ;a} b'Mv¿k x'g\ eÙ] a'em]/ olb sf]xL zf/Ll/s Sn]zsf] eon] st{Josd{x¿nfO{ Tofu ub{5 eg] p;n] To:tf] /fh; Tofu u/]/ s'g} k|sf/n] klg Tofusf kmn kfpFb}g ..*..

sfo{ldTo]j oTsd{ lgot+ lj|mot]›h'{g .

;Í+ ToSTjf kmn+ r}j ; TofuM ;flŒjsf] dtM ..(..

x] ch'{g  ¤ h'g Tofu zf:qljlxt sd{ ug'{ st{Jo xf] eÙ] efjn] cf;lQm / kmnsf] Tofu u/]/ ul/Psf] x'G5, To;}nfO{ ;flŒjs Tofu dflgPsf] 5 ..(..

g å]¨Øs'zn+ sd{ s'zn] gfg'ifHht] .

TofuL ;Œj;dflj¨f] d]wfjL l5Ù;+zoM ..!)..

h'g dg'io cs'zn sd{;Fu å]if ub{}g / s'zn sd{df cf;Qm x'Fb}g, Tof] z'4 ;Œju'0fn] o'Qm k'?if ;+zo/lxt, a'l4dfg\ Pjd\ ;Rrf TofuL xf] ..!)..

g lx b]xe[tf zSo+ ToQm'+ sdf{0oz]iftM .

o:t' sd{kmnTofuL ; TofuLTolewLot] ..!!..

z/L/wf/L s'g} klg dg'ioåf/f ;Dk"0f{tfdf ;a} sd{x¿sf] Tofu ug{ ;lsFb}g, o;}n] hf] sd{kmnsf] TofuL 5, pxL TofuL xf] eg]/ atfOPsf] 5 ..!!..

clg¨ld¨+ ld>+ r lqljw+ sd{0fM kmnd\ .

ejToToflugf+ k|]To g t' ;+Gofl;gf+ Sjlrt\ ..!@..

sd{kmnsf] Tofu gug]{ dg'io dl/;s]kl5 p;sf sd{x¿sf c;n, v/fa / ldl>t u/L tLg k|sf/sf kmn cjZo x'G5g\ t/ sd{kmnsf] Tofu ug{] dg'iox¿sf sd{x¿sf] kmn s'g} klg sfndf x'Fb}g ..!@..

k~r}tflg dxfafxf] sf/0fflg lgaf]w d] .

;fª\Vo] s[tfGt] k|f]Qmflg l;4o] ;j{sd{0ffd\ ..!#..

x] dxfafxf] ¤ ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿sf l;l4sf kfFr x]t'x¿ -sf/0f jf k|of]hg_ ;fª\Vozf:q -sd{x¿sf] cGTo ug{sf nflu pkfo atfpg] zf:q_df elgPsf] 5, ltgLx¿nfO{ ltdL daf6 /fd|f];Fu a'em ..!#..

clw©fg+ tyf stf{ s/0f+ r k[ylUjwd\ .

ljljwfá k[ySr]¨f b}j+ r}jfq k~rdd\ ..!$..

sd{x¿sf] l;l4df x]t'x¿ clw©fg -h;sf] cf8df sd{ ul/G5_, stf{, leÙleÙ k|sf/sf s/0f -h'g OlGb|o jf ;fwgåf/f sd{ ul/G5_ / gfgf k|sf/sf cnu–cnu r]¨fx¿ x'g\ . kfFrf}F x]t' b}j -;+:sf/_ xf] ..!$..

z/L/jfª\dgf]leo{Tsd{ k|f/et] g/M .

Goføo+ jf ljk/Lt+ jf k~r}t] t:o x]tjM ..!%..

dg'ion] dg, jf0fL / z/L/n] zf:qfg's"n cyjf ljk/Lt h]–hlt sd{ ub{5, ltgsf sf/0f log} kfFr x'g\ ..!%..

tq}j+ ;lt stf{/dfTdfg+ s]jn+ t' oM .

kZoTos[ta'l4TjfÙ ; kZolt b'd{ltM ..!^..

o:tf] eP/ klg hf] dg'io cz'4a'l4 x'gfsf sf/0f To; ljifodf cyf{t\ sd{x¿ x'g'df s]jn z'4:j¿k cfTdfnfO{ stf{ ;DemG5, To; dlnga'l4 c1fgLn] oyfy{ a'em\b}g ..!^..

o:o gfxª\s[tf] efjf] a'l4o{:o g lnKot] .

xTjflk ; OdfFNnf]sfÙ xlGt g lgaWot] ..!&..

h'g k'?ifsf] cGtMs/0fdf ‘d stf{ x'F’ eÙ] efj 5}g, tyf h;sf] a'l4 ;f+;fl/s kbfy{x¿df / sd{x¿df lnKt x'Fb}g, To; k'?ifn] oL ;a} nf]sx¿nfO{ dfbf{ klg jf:tjdf g t dfb{5, g kfkn] afFlwPs} x'G5 ..!&..

1fg+ 1]o+ kl/1ftf lqljwf sd{rf]bgf .

s/0f+ sd{ st{]lt lqljwM sd{;ª\u|xM ..!*..

1ftf, 1fg / 1]o oL tLg k|sf/sf sd{k|]/0ff clg stf{, s/0f tyf lj|mof oL tLg k|sf/sf sd{;ª\u|x x'g\ ..!*..

1fg+ sd{ r stf{ r lqw}j u'0fe]btM .

k|f]Rot] u'0f;ª\Vofg] oyfjR5[0f' tfGolk ..!(..

1fg, sd{ tyf stf{ klg u'0fx¿sf e]bn] ;fª\Vozf:qdf tLg–tLg k|sf/s} x'G5g\ elgPsf] 5, ltgLx¿sf] af/]df klg ltdL daf6 oyfjt\ ;'g ..!(..

;j{e"t]if' o]g}s+ efjdJoodLIft] ..

cljeQm+ ljeQm]if' tH1fg+ ljl4 ;flŒjsd\ ..@)..

h'g 1fgaf6 dg'ion] ;a} k[ys\–k[ys\ e"tx¿df Ps cljgfzL k/dfTdefjnfO{ ljefu/lxt ;defjn] l:yt b]Vt5, To; 1fgnfO{ ltdL ;flŒjs xf] eÙ] a'em ..@)..

k[ySTj]g t' oH1fg+ gfgfefjfGk[ylUjwfg\ .

j]lQ ;j{]if' e"t]if' tH1fg+ ljl4 /fh;d\ ..@!..

h'g 1fgåf/f dg'ion] ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿df leÙleÙ k|sf/sf cg]sf}F efjx¿nfO{ a]Unfa]Un} hfGb5, To; 1fgnfO{ ltdL /fh; xf] eg]/ a'em ..@!..

oQ' s[T:gjb]sl:dGsfo{] ;Qmdx}t'sd\ .

ctŒjfy{jbNk+ r tQfd;d'bfXtd\ ..@@..

t/ h'g 1fg Psdfq z/L/df ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf cf;Qm 5, tyf hf] o'lQm/lxt, tflŒjs cy{/lxt clg t'R5 5, To;nfO{ tfd; elgPsf] 5 ..@@..

lgot+ ;Í/lxtd/fuå]iftM s[td\ .

ckmnk|]K;'gf sd{ oQT;flŒjsd'Rot] ..@#..

h'g sd{ zf:qljlwaf6 lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] / stf{kgsf] cledfgn] /lxt 5, tyf kmn grfxg] k'?ifåf/f /fuå]ifa]u/ ul/Psf] 5, To;nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..@#..

oQ' sfd]K;'gf sd{ ;fxËf/]0f jf k'gM .

lj|mot] ax'nfof;+ tb|fh;d'bfXtd\ ..@$..

t/ h'g sd{ w]/} kl/>dn] o'Qm x'G5 tyf ef]ux¿sf] rfxgf ug{] k'?ifåf/f of cxËf/o'Qm k'?ifåf/f ul/G5, To; sd{nfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..@$..

cg'aGw+ Ifo+ lx+;fdgj]Io r kf}?ifd\ .

df]xfbf/Eot] sd{ oQQfd;d'Rot] ..@%..

h'g sd{ kl/0ffd, xflg, lx+;f / ;fdYo{nfO{ ljrf/ gu/L s]jn c1fg -df]x_jz cf/De ul/G5, To;nfO{ tfd; elgG5 ..@%..

d'Qm;Íf]›gx+jfbL w[To'T;fx;dlGjtM .

l;4Øl;4Øf]lg{lj{sf/M stf{ ;flŒjs pRot] ..@^..

h'g stf{ ;Í/lxt, cxËf/sf jrg gaf]Ng], w}o{ clg pT;fxn] o'Qm tyf sfo{ l;4 x'g' jf gx'g'df xif{–zf]sflb ljsf/x¿af6 ;j{yf /lxt 5, To; stf{nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..@^..

/fuL sd{kmnk|]K;'n'{Awf] lx+;fTdsf]›z'lrM .

xif{zf]sflGjtM stf{ /fh;M kl/sLlt{tM ..@&..

hf] stf{ cf;lQmn] o'Qm, sd{x¿sf kmn rfxg] / nf]eL 5, tyf c¿x¿nfO{ s¨ lbg] :jefjsf], cz'4frf/L / xif{–zf]sdf lnKt 5, To;nfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..@&..

co'QmM k|fs[tM :tAwM z7f] g}is[ltsf]›n;M .

ljiffbL bL3{;"qL r stf{ tfd; pRot] ..@*..

h'g stf{ co'Qm, lzIffn] /lxt, 3dG8L, w"t{ / c¿sf] hLljsfsf] gfz ug]{ tyf zf]s ug]{, cN5L / bL3{;"qL -sfd nDAofpg]_ 5, To;nfO{ tfd; elgG5 ..@*..

a'4]e{]b+ w[t]á}j u'0ftl:qljw+ ð[0f' .

k|f]Rodfgdz]if]0f k[ySTj]g wg~ho ..@(..

a'l4 / w[ltsf klg u'0fcg';f/ tLg k|sf/sf e]b 5g\ . x] wg~ho ¤ ca d oL e]bx¿sf] af/]df ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf ljefuk"j{s eÙ nfu]sf] 5', ;'g ..@(..

k|j[lQ+ r lgj[lQ+ r sfof{sfo{] eofeo] .

aGw+ df]If+ r of j]lQ a'l4M ;f kfy{ ;flŒjsL ..#)..

x] kfy{ ¤ h'g a'l4 k|j[lQdfu{ / lgj[lQdfu{nfO{, st{Jo / cst{JonfO{, eo / ceonfO{ tyf aGwg / df]IfnfO{ oyfy{ hfGb5, ToxL a'l4 ;flŒjsL xf] ..#)..

oof wd{dwd{+ r sfo{+ rfsfo{d]j r .

coyfjTk|hfgflt a'l4M ;f kfy{ /fh;L ..#!..

x] kfy{ ¤ dg'io h'g a'l4åf/f wd{ / cwd{nfO{ tyf st{Jo / cst{JonfO{ klg oyfy{ hfGb}g, Tof] a'l4 /fh;L xf] ..#!..

cwd{+ wd{ldlt of dGot] td;fj[tf .

;jf{yf{lGjk/Ltf+á a'l4M ;f kfy{ tfd;L ..#@..

x] ch'{g ¤ h'g tdf]u'0fn] 3]l/Psf] a'l4n] cwd{nfO{ klg of] wd{ xf] eÙ] dfGb5 / o:t} k|sf/n] cGo ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{x¿nfO{ klg ljk/Lt dfGb5, ToxL a'l4 tfd;L xf] ..#@..

w[Tof oof wf/ot] dgMk|f0f]lGb|olj|mofM .

of]u]gfJolerfl/0of w[ltM ;f kfy{ ;flŒjsL ..##..

x] kfy{ ¤ h'g cJolerfl/0fL wf/0fzlQmn] dg'io Wofgof]uåf/f dg, k|f0f / OlGb|ox¿sf lj|mofx¿nfO{ wf/0f ub{5, ToxL w[lt ;flŒjsL xf] ..##..

oof t' wd{sfdfyf{Gw[Tof wf/ot]›h'{g .

k|;Í]g kmnfsfª\IfL w[ltM ;f kfy{ /fh;L ..#$..

k/Gt' x] k[yfk'q ch'{g  ¤ kmnsf] OR5f /fVg] dg'io h'g wf/0fzlQmåf/f cToGt cf;lQmk"j{s wd{, cy{ / sfdx¿sf] wf/0f ub{5, Tof] wf/0fzlQm /fh;L xf] ..#$..

oof :jKg+ eo+ zf]s+ ljiffb+ dbd]j r .

g ljd'~rlt b'd{]wf w[ltM ;f kfy{ tfd;L ..#%..

x] kfy{ ¤ b'¨ a'l4 ePsf] dg'io h'g wf/0fzlQmåf/f lgb|f, eo, lrGtf / b'MvnfO{ tyf pGdQtfnfO{ klg 5f8\b}g -cyf{t\ wf/0f ul//xG5_ Tof] wf/0fzlQm tfd;L xf] ..#%..

;'v+ lTjbfgL+ lqljw+ ð[0f' d] e/tif{e .

cEof;fb|dt] oq b'MvfGt+ r lguR5lt ..#^..

oQbu|] ljifldj kl/0ffd]›d[tf]kdd\ .

tT;'v+ ;flŒjs+ k|f]QmdfTda'l4k|;fbhd\ ..#&..

x] e/t>]© ¤ ca tLg k|sf/sf ;'vsf] af/]df klg ltdL daf6 ;'g . h'g ;'vdf ;fws dg'io ehg, Wofg / ;]jflbsf cEof;n] /d0f ub{5 / h'gaf6 b'Mvx¿sf] cGTo x'G5, Tof] To:tf] ;'v xf], h'g cf/Desfndf ljift'No k|tLt eP klg kl/0ffddf cd[tt'No x'G5 . o;sf/0f Tof] k/dfTdljifos a'l4sf] k|;fbaf6 pTkÙ x'g] ;'vnfO{ ;flŒjs elgPsf] 5 .#^–#&..

ljifo]lGb|o;+of]ufBQbu|]›d[tf]kdd\ .

kl/0ffd] ljifldj tT;'v+ /fh;+ :d[td\ ..#*..

h'g ;'v ljifo / OlGb|ox¿sf] ;+of]un] x'G5, Tof] klxn] cyf{t\ ef]usfndf cd[tt'No k|tLt x'g] eP/ klg kl/0ffddf ljift'No 5 . o;sf/0f To; ;'vnfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..#*..

obu|] rfg'aGw] r ;'v+ df]xgdfTdgM .

lgb|fn:o k|dfbf]Ty+ tQfd;d'bfXtd\ ..#(..

h'g ;'v ef]usfndf tyf kl/0ffddf klg cfTdfnfO{ df]lxt ug]{ lsl;dsf] 5, lgb|f, cfn:o / k|dfbaf6 pTkÙ To; ;'vnfO{ tfd; elgPsf] 5 ..#(..

g tbl:t k[lyJof+ jf lblj b]j]if' jf k'gM .

;Œj+ k|s[lth}d'{Qm+ ob]leM :oflTqleu'{0f}M ..$)..

k[YjLdf, cfsfzdf jf b]jtfx¿df tyf logLx¿afx]s cGoq st} klg k|s[ltaf6 pTkÙ oL tLg} u'0fx¿af6 /lxt o:tf] s'g} klg ;Œj 5}g ..$)..

a|fé0fIflqoljzf+ z"b|f0ff+ r k/Gtk .

sdf{l0f k|ljeQmflg :jefjk|ej}u'{0f}M ..$!..

x] k/Gtk ¤ a|fé0f, Iflqo / j}Zox¿sf tyf z"b|x¿sf sd{x¿ :jefjaf6 pTkÙ u'0fx¿åf/f ljeQm ul/Psf 5g\ ..$!..

zdf] bd:tkM zf}r+ IfflGt/fh{jd]j r .

1fg+ lj1fgdfl:tSo+ a|ésd{ :jefjhd\ ..$@..

cGtMs/0fnfO{ lgu|x ug{', OlGb|ox¿sf] bdg ug{', wd{kfngsf nflu s¨ ;xg', aflx/–leqb]lv z'4 /xg', csf{sf ck/fwx¿nfO{ Ifdf ug{', dg, OlGb|o / z/L/nfO{ ;/n /fVg',, j]b, zf:q, O{à/ / k/nf]s cflbdf >4f /fVg', j]bzf:qx¿sf] cWoog–cWofkg ug'{ / k/dfTdfsf tŒjx¿sf] cg'ej ug'{ oL ;a} a|fé0fsf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ ..$@..

zf}o{+ t]hf] w[ltbf{Io+ o'4] rfKoknfogd\ .

bfgdLà/efjá Iffq+ sd{ :jefjhd\ ..$#..

z"/jL/tf, t]h, w}o{, rt'/tf clg o'4af6 gefUg', bfg lbg' / :jfdLefj oL ;a} Iflqox¿sf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ ..$#..

s[lifuf}/Iojfl0fHo+ j}Zosd{ :jefjhd\ .

kl/rof{Tds+ sd{ z"b|:oflk :jefjhd\ ..$$..

v]tL, uf]kfng / j|mo–ljj|mo¿k ;To Jojxf/ oL j}Zosf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ . tyf ;a} j0f{x¿sf] ;]jf ug'{ z"b|sf] klg :jfefljs sd{ xf] ..$$..

:j] :j] sd{0ole/tM ;+l;l4+ net] g/M .

:jsd{lg/tM l;l4+ oyf ljGblt tR5[0f' ..$%..

cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf :jfefljs sd{x¿df tTk/tfn] nfu]sf] dg'io eujTk|flKt¿k k/d l;l4df k'Ub5 . cfkm\gf :jfefljs sd{df nfu]sf] dg'io h'g k|sf/n] sd{ u/]/ k/d l;l4df k'Ub5, Tof] ljlw ca ltdL ;'g ..$%..

otM k|j[lQe"{tfgf+ o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ .

:jsd{0ff tdEoRo{ l;l4+ ljGblt dfgjM ..$^..

h'g k/d]à/af6 ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ ePsf] 5 / h;n] of] ;d:t hut\ JofKt 5, pg} k/d]à/sf cfkm\gf :jfefljs sd{x¿åf/f k"hf u/]/ dg'io k/d l;l4df k'Ub5 ..$^..

>]ofG:jwdf{] lju'0fM k/wdf{T:jg'l©tft\ .

:jefjlgot+ sd{ s'j{ÙfKgf]lt lslNaifd\ ..$&..

/fd|f] k|sf/n] cfr/0f ul/Psf] csf{sf] wd{eGbf u'0f/lxt eP klg cfkm\g} wd{ >]© xf], lsgls :jefjn] lgot ul/Psf] :jwd{¿k sd{ ul//x]sf] dg'io kfkdf kb}{g ..$&..

;xh+ sd{ sf}Gt]o ;bf]ifdlk g Toh]t\ .

;jf{/Def lx bf]if]0f w"d]gflUgl/jfj[tfM ..$*..

ctPj x] s'GtLk'q ¤ bf]ifo'Qm eP/ klg ;xh sd{nfO{ TofUgx'Fb}g, lsgls h;/L clUgdf w'jfF x'G5, To;}u/L k|To]s sd{ s'g} g s'g} bf]ifn] o'Qm x'G5 ..$*..

c;Qma'l4M ;j{q lhtfTdf ljut:k[xM .

g}isDo{l;l4+ k/df+ ;+Gof;]gflwuR5lt ..$(..

;j{q cf;lQm/lxt a'l4 ePsf], :k[xf/lxt / cGtMs/0fnfO{ lht]sf] k'?if ;fª\Voof]uåf/f k/d g}isDo{l;l4df k'Ub5 ..$(..

l;l4+ k|fKtf] oyf a|é tyfKgf]lt lgaf]w d] .

;df;]g}j sf}Gt]o lg©f 1fg:o of k/f ..%)..

l;l4df h'g k|sf/n] k'u]kl5 dg'io a|édf k'Ub5, To; k|sf/nfO{ x] s'GtLk'q ¤ ltdL ;ª\If]kd} eP klg daf6 a'em ..%)..

a'b\Wof ljz'4of o'Qmf] w[TofTdfg+ lgoDo r .

zAbfbLlGjifof+:ToSTjf /fuå]iff} Jo'b:o r ..%!..

ljljQm;]jL n£jfzL otjfSsfodfg;M .

Wofgof]uk/f] lgTo+ j}/fUo+ ;d'kfl>tM ..%@..

cxËf/+ an+ bk{+ sfd+ j|mf]w+ kl/u|xd\ .

ljd'Ro lgd{dM zfGtf] a|ée"ofo sNkt] ..%#..

ljz'4 a'l4n] o'Qm tyf xNsf, ;flŒjs / lgoldt ef]hg ug{], zAbflb ljifox¿sf] Tofu u/]/ PsfGt clg z'4 b]zsf] ;]jg ug{], ;flŒjs wf/0fzlQmåf/f cGtMs/0f / OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ;+od u/]/ dg, jf0fL / z/L/nfO{ jzdf lng], /fuå]ifnfO{ ;j{yf g¨ u/]/ 7Ls k|sf/n] b[9 j}/fUosf] cf>o lng] tyf cxËf/, an, 3dG8, sfd, j|mf]w / kl/u|xsf] Tofu u/]/ lg/Gt/ Wofgof]usf] k/fo0f /xg], ddtf/lxt / zflGto'Qm k'?if ;lRrbfgGb3g a|édf cleÙefjn] l:yt x'g] kfq x'G5 ..%!–%#..

a|ée"tM k|;ÙfTdf g zf]rlt g sfª\Iflt .

;dM ;j{]if' e"t]if' db\elQm+ net] k/fd\ ..%$..

clg Tof] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|édf PsLefjn] l:yt, k|;Ù lrQ ePsf] of]uL g t s;}sf nflu zf]s ub{5 / g t s;}sf] cfsfª\Iff g} ub{5 ..%$..

eSTof dfdlehfgflt ofjfGoáfl:d tŒjtM .

ttf] df+ tŒjtf] 1fTjf ljzt] tbgGt/d\ ..%%..

To; k/felQmåf/f pm d k/dfTdfnfO{, d h] x'F / hlt x'F, pm tŒjb]lv 7Ls h:tfsf] t:t} hfGb5 clg ;f]xL elQmn] dnfO{ tŒjb]lv g} lrg]/ tTsfn} ddf k|lj¨ x'G5 ..%%..

;j{sdf{0olk ;bf s'jf{0ff] db\Jokf>oM .

dTk|;fbfbjfKgf]lt zfàt+ kbdJood\ ..%^..

d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf] sd{of]uL t ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ ;bf ul//x]/ klg d]/f] s[kfn] ;gftg cljgfzL k/dkbdf k'Ub5 ..%^..

r]t;f ;j{sdf{l0f dlo ;+Go:o dTk/M .

a'l4of]ud'kfl>To dlRrQM ;tt+ ej ..%&..

;a} sd{x¿nfO{ dgaf6} ddf ck{0f u/]/ tyf ;da'l4¿k of]unfO{ cjnDag u/]/ d]/f] k/fo0f ag clg lrQ lg/Gt/ d}df /fv ..%&..

dlRrQM ;j{b'uf{l0f dTk|;fbfQl/iol; .

cy r]ŒjdxËf/fÙ >f]iol; ljgª\Iol; ..%*..

pko'Q{m k|sf/n] ddf lrQ lbg] eP/ ltdL d]/f] s[kfn] ;d:t ;Ë6x¿af6 cgfof;} kf/ ug{]5f} . olb cxËf/sf sf/0f d]/f jrgx¿nfO{ ;'g]gf} eg] t g¨ x'g]5f} -cyf{t\ k/dfy{af6 e|¨ x'g]5f}_ ..%*..

obxËf/dfl>To g of]T:o Olt dGo;] .

ldYo}if Joj;fo:t] k|s[lt:Tjf+ lgof]Iolt ..%(..

‘d o'4 ulb{gF’ eg]/ ltdL h'g cxËf/sf] cf>o lnP/ 7flg/x]sf 5f}, of] lgZro g} ltd|f] ldYof xf] lsgeg] ltd|f] :jefjn] ltdLnfO{ hah{:tL o'4df nufpg]5 ..%(..

:jefjh]g sf}Gt]o lga4M :j]g sd{0ff .

st'{+ g]R5l; oGdf]xfTsl/io:ojzf]›lk tt\ ..^)..

x] s'GtLk'q ¤ ltdL h'g sd{ df]xsf sf/0f ug{ rfxÙf}, To;nfO{ klg cfkm\gf k"j{s[t :jfefljs sd{n] afFlwPsf x'gfn] k/jz eP/ ug]{5f} ..^)..

O{à/M ;j{e"tfgf+ X2]z]›h'{g lt©lt .

e|fdoG;j{e"tflg oGqf¿9flg dfoof ..^!..

x] ch'{g  ¤ z/L/¿k oGqdf cf¿9 ePsf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿nfO{ cGtofdL{ k/d]à/n] cfkm\gf dfofn] ltgsf sd{sf cg';f/ e|d0f u/fpFb} ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf Xbodf l:yt 5g\ ..^!..

td]j z/0f+ uR5 ;j{efj]g ef/t .

tTk|;fbfTk/f+ zflGt+ :yfg+ k|fK:ol; zfàtd\ ..^@..

x] ef/t ¤ ltdL ;a} k|sf/n] pg} k/d]à/sf] z/0fdf hfpm . pg} k/dfTdfsf] s[kfn] ltdL k/d zflGt tyf ;gftg k/dwfddf k'Ug]5f} ..^@..

Olt t] 1fgdfVoft+ u'èfb\u'èt/+ dof .

ljd[Zo}tbz]if]0f oy]R5l; tyf s'? ..^#..

o;k|sf/ of] uf]kgLoeGbf klg clt uf]kgLo 1fg d}n] ltdLnfO{ elglbPF . ca ltdL o; /x:oo'Qm 1fgnfO{ k"0f{tof 7Ls7Ls;Fu ljrf/ u/ clg h:tf] rfxG5f} To:t} u/ ..^#..

;j{u'ètd+ e"oM ð[0f' d] k/d+ jrM .

O¨f]›l; d] b[9ldlt ttf] jIofld t] lxtd\ ..^$..

d]/f k/d /x:oo'Qm clg ;Dk"0f{ uf]kgLox¿eGbf klg clt uf]kgLo jrgx¿ ltdL km]l/ klg ;'g . ltdL d]/f cltzo lk|o xf}, o;sf/0f oL k/d lxtsf/s jrg d ltdLnfO{ eÙ]5' ..^$..

dGdgf ej db\eQmf] dBfhL df+ gd:s'? .

dfd]j}iol; ;To+ t] k|lthfg] lk|of]›l; d] ..^%..

x] ch'{g  ¤ ltdL ddf dg nufpF5f}, d]/f] eQm ag, d]/f] k"hg ug{] ag / dnfO{ k|0ffd u/ . o;f] ugf{n] ltdL d}df ldlnt x'g]5f}, of] d ltdLnfO{ ;To k|lt1f ub{5', lsgls ltdL d]/f cToGt lk|o xf} ..^%..

;j{wdf{Gkl/ToHo dfd]s+ z/0f+ j|h .

cx+ Tjf ;j{kfk]Eof] df]Ifloiofld df z'rM ..^^..

;Dk"0f{ wd{x¿nfO{ cyf{t\ ;Dk"0f{ st{Josd{x¿nfO{ ddf ck{]/ ltdL s]jn Ps ;j{zlQmdfg\ ;jf{wf/ k/d]à/ d]/} z/0fdf cfpm . d ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 d'Qm ul/lbpFnf . ltdL zf]s gu/ ..^^..

Ob+ t] gftk:sfo gfeQmfo sbfrg .

g rfz'>"ifj] jfRo+ g r df+ of]›Eo;"olt ..^&..

ltdLn] of] uLtf¿k /x:odo pkb]z s'g} klg sfndf g t tk/lxt dg'ionfO{ eÙ x'G5, g elQm/lxtnfO{ clg ;'Ù] OR5f g} gePsfx¿nfO{ eÙ x'G5 . clg hf] ddf bf]ifb[l¨ /fVt5g\ ltgnfO{ t emg\ slxNo} geÙ" ..^&..

o Od+ k/d+ u'è+ db\eQm]ijlewf:olt .

elQm+ dlo k/f+ s[Tjf dfd]j}ioTo;+zoM ..^*..

h'g k'?ifn] ddf k/d k|]d u/]/ of] k/d /x:oo'Qm uLtfzf:q d]/f eQmx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg]5, pm d}df ldNg]5, o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g ..^*..

g r t:dfGdg'io]if' sláGd] lk|os[QdM .

eljtf g r d] t:dfbGoM lk|ot/f] e'lj ..^(..

dg'iox¿df d]/f] lk|o sfo{ o;eGbf Hofbf ug]{ sf]xL klg 5}g . eljiodf ;d]t k[YjLel/df To;eGbf Hofbf d]/f] csf]{ s'g} klg lk|o x'g]5}g ..^(..

cWo]iot] r o Od+ wDo{+ ;+jfbdfjof]M .

1fgo1]g t]gfxld¨M :ofldlt d] dltM ..&)..

xfdL b'O{aLrsf] o; wd{do ;+jfb¿k uLtfzf:qnfO{ h'g k'?ifn] k9\nf, p;dfkm{t klg d 1fgo1n] k"lht x'g]5', o:tf] d]/f] dt xf] ..&)..

>4fjfgg;"oá ð[0f'ofblk of] g/M .

;f]›lk d'QmM z'efFNnf]sfGk|fKg'ofTk'0osd{0ffd\ .. &!..

h'g dg'ion] >4fo'Qm / bf]ifb[l¨/lxt eP/ o; uLtfzf:qsf] >j0f unf{, pm klg kfkx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ pQd sd{ ug]{x¿sf >]© nf]sx¿df k'Ub5 ..&!..

slRrb]tR5«='t+ kfy{ Tjo}sfu|]0f r]t;f .

slRrb1fg;Ddf]xM k|g¨:t] wg~ho ..&@..

x] kfy{ ¤ s] o; -uLtfzf:q_ nfO{ ltdLn] Psfu|lrQ eP/ >j0f u¥of} < clg x] wg~ho ¤ s] ltd|f c1fghlgt df]x g¨ eP < ..&@..

ch'{g pjfr

g¨f] df]xM :d[ltn{Awf TjTk|;fbfGdofRo't .

l:ytf]›l:d ut;Gb]xM sl/io] jrg+ tj ..&#..

ch'{gn] eg]– x] cRo't ¤ xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x g¨ eof] . d}n] :d[lt k|fKt u/]F . ca d ;+zo/lxt eP/ l:yt 5' . ctM xh'/sf] cf1fsf] kfng ug]{5' ..&#..

;~ho pjfr

OTox+ jf;'b]j:o kfy{:o r dxfTdgM .

;+jfblddd>f}ifdb\e't+ /f]dxif{0fd\ ..&$..

;~hon] eg]– o;k|sf/ d}n] >Ljf;'b]j / dxfTdf ch'{g sf oL cb\e't /x:oo'Qm, /f]df~rsf/s ;+jfb ;'g]F] ..&$..

Jof;k|;fbfR5«='tjfg]tb\u'èdx+ k/d\ .

of]u+ of]u]à/fTs[i0ffT;fIffTsyotM :jod\ ..&%..

>LJof;hLsf] s[kfn] lbJob[l¨ kfP/ d}n] of] k/d uf]kgLo of]u ch'{gnfO{ elg/xg'ePsf :jod\ of]u]à/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf d'vaf6 k|ToIf ;'g]F ..&%..

/fhG;+:d[To ;+:d[To ;+jfbldddb\e'td\ .

s]zjfh'{gof]M k'0o+ Xiofld r d'x'd'{x'M ..&^..

x] /fhg\ ¤ eujfg\ >Ls[i0f / ch'{gsf aLr ePsf] of] /x:oo'Qm, sNof0fsf/s cf} cb\e't ;+jfbnfO{ k'gMk'gM :d/0f u/]/ d af/Daf/ xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' ..&^..

tRr ;+:d[To ;+:d[To ¿kdTob\e't+ x/]M .

lj:dof] d] dxfg\ /fhGXiofld r k'gM k'gM ..&&..

x] /fhg\ ¤ >Lxl/ -h;nfO{ :d/0f ugf{n] kfkx¿sf] gfz x'G5, pg}sf] gfd ‘xl/’ xf]_ sf tL cToGt ljnIf0f ¿knfO{ klg k'gMk'gM :d/0f u/]/ d]/f] lrQdf dxfg\ cfZro{ x'G5 / d k6sk6s xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' ..&&..

oq of]u]]à/M s[i0ff] oq kfyf]{ wg'w{/M .

tq >Llj{hof] e"ltw|'{jf gLltd{ltd{d ..&*..

x] /fhg\ ¤ hxfF of]u]à/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5 / hxfF uf08Lj–wg'ifwf/L ch'{g 5g\, ToxLF >L, ljho, lje"lt / crn gLlt 5g\, dnfO{ o:tf] nfUb5 ..&*..

ç tT;lblt >Ldb\eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|éljBfof+ of]uzf:q] >Ls[i0ffh'{g;+jfb] df]If;+Gof;of]uf] gfdf¨fbzf]›WofoM ..!*..

)))

cg'jfbssf] lrgf/L

o; u|Gysf cg'jfbs lbg]z kf}8]n tfKn]h'ªsf] 9'ª\u];fFu'df @)@) ;fndf hGd]sf x'g\ . k+= nIdLk|;fb / /Tgdfofsf gf}dWo]sf kfFrf}F ;Gtfg pgL O6x/Ll:yt P;cf]P; xd{g dfOg/ ljBfnodf jl/© lzIfssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

>L kf}8]nn] g]kfnL lkmNdsf k6syf / ;flxTosf cg]s s[ltsf] cª\u|]hLdf cg'jfb u/]sf 5g\ eg] lxGbL tyf cª\u|]hLaf6 ljàrlr{t s[ltx¿sf] g]kfnLdf klg cg'jfb u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] ;of}F ;flxlTos tyf u}/;flxlTos k':tsx¿sf] ;Dkfbg÷efiff–;Dkfbg u/]sf 5g\ .

;fdflhs pkGof; ‘;Ldf/]vf’sf n]vs pgL ljleÙ ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;flxlTos ;+:yf / ultljlw;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . j}lbs ;gftg wd{ / b]zbz{gdf klg pgsf] ?lr 5 .

cg'jfbsnfO{ u|Gysf] ;'?df lbOPsf] 7]ufgfdf Od]n tyf 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

xl/M ç tT;t\ xl/M ç tT;t\ xl/M ç tT;t\

zflGtM zflGtM zflGtM

 

 

zfGtfsf/+ e'huzog+ kßgfe+ ;'/]zd\ .

ljàfwf/+ uug;b[z+ d]3j0f{+ z'efÍd\ .

nIdLsfGt+ sdngog+ of]luleWof{guDod\ .

jGb] lji0f'+ ejeox/+ ;j{nf]s}sgfyd\ .