रामगीता (नेपाली टीकासहित)

 

/fduLtf

->Ldxlif{j]bJof;s[t cWofTd/fdfo0fsf] pQ/sf08 k~rd ;u{ M d"n;lxt g]kfnL efjfy{_

 

 

 

6Lsfsf/ M

lbg]z kf}8]n

O6x/L–$, ;'g;/L

 

 

k|sflzsf

/Tgdfof kf}8]n

tf/faf/L, bds–*, emfkf

 

 

 

 

 

s[lt              M /fduLtf

s[ltsf/          M >Ldxlif{j]bJof;

6Lsfsf/          M lbg]z kf}8]n

gf/fo0fuf]kfn 6f]n, O6x/L

kmf]g M (*$@!&*)*)

Od]n M nibandhakar@yahoo.com

 

k|sflzsf         M /Tgdfof kf}8]n -6Lsfsf/sL dftf_

tf/faf/L, bds–*, emfkf

 

k|sfzgldlt      M @)&(

;+:s/0f          M k|yd -!))) k|lt_

 

d"No              M ?= @).–

 

skL/fO6          M 6Lsfsf/

d'b|s M

 

 

 

RAMAGEETA

(Annotated in Nepali by Dinesh Poudel)

Printed and Published in NEPAL

e"ldsf

k'/f0f / Oltxf;sf u|Gyx¿df cg]s /fduLtfx¿ kfOG5g\ . k|To]sdf jStf eujfg\ >L/fd g} x'g'x'G5, t/ >f]tf tyf k|ltkfB ljifo cnu–cnu 5g\ .

cWofTd/fdfo0fsf] pQ/sf08sf] k~rd ;u{sf] ¿kdf Ps /fduLtf k|fKt x'G5 . ;Ltf–jgjf;sf] k|;ª\ukl5 PskN6 ha nId0fn] >L/fdrGb|hL;Fu c1fg¿kL ;fu/ kf/ u/fpg] 1fg–pkb]z lbgsf nflu k|fy{gf u/], >L/3'gfyhLn] ltgnfO{ h'g pkb]z lbg'eof], To;}nfO{ /fduLtf elgG5 .

o;df o'lSto'St ljj]rgfåf/f cfTd1fgnfO{ g} ljz'4 1fg xf] eg]/ ;d:t OlGb|ox¿sf ljifox¿af6 lgj[Q u/]/ cfTd–cg';Gwfgsf] p2]Zodf k|]l/t ul/Psf] 5 .

ljj]Ro ;fdu|L u"9 j]bflGts eP/ klg ;xh tyf ;f/ule{t 5 . ;f]xL /fduLtfnfO{ oxfF cg'jfb;lxt k|:t't ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .

)))

 

 

 

>L/fduLtf dfxfTDo

a|x\df]jfr–

>L/fduLtf dfxfTDo+ ;j{+ hfgflt zª\s/M .

tbw{+ lul/hf j]lQ tbw{+ j]b\Dox+ d'g] .

tQ] lsl~rt\ k|jIofld ;j{] jSt'+ g zSot] ..!..

a|x\dfhL eGg'x'G5 – x] gf/b Û /fduLtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ dfxfTDo >Llzj g} hfGg'x'G5 . kfj{tL s]jn cfwf hfGbl5g\ . d t s]jn Ps rf}yfO dfq hfGb5' . To;dWo] clnslt dfq d ltdLnfO{ ;'gfpF5', lsgls ;a} dfxfTDo ;'gfpg] ;fdYo{ ddf 5}g ..

oH1fTjf tTIf0ffnf]sflZrQ z'l4djfKg'oft\ .

>L/fduLtf oTkfk+ g gfzolt gf/b ..@..

x] gf/b Û h'g /fduLtf hfg]kl5 k|To]s JolStsf] lrQ tTsfn z'4 x'G5 . >L/fduLtfn] gfz ug{ g;Sg] s'g} kfk 5}g .

tGggZolt tLyf{bf} nf]s] Sjflk sbfrg .

tGg kZofDox+ nf]sdfu{df0f]›lk ;j{bf ..#..

nf]sx¿sf tLy{x¿n] gfz ug{ g;Sg] kfkx¿ /fduLtfn] ;xh} gfz ub{5 .. d}n] w]/} ;do;Dd vf]hL ubf{ klg /fduLtfn] gfz ug{ g;Sg] kfkx¿ s'g} e]6\6fpg ;lsgF .

/fduf]klgiflT;Gw'd'GdYof]Tkflbtf d'bf .

nId0ffoflktf+ uLtf ;'wfkLTjf›d/f] ej]t\ ..$..

pklgifb\¿kL o; /fduLtfnfO{ dGyg u/]/ >L/fdrGb| cfkm}Fn] cd[t:j¿k 1fg lemsL nId0fnfO{ lbg'eof] . of] 1fg¿kL ;'wf kfg ug{] JolSt cd/ x'g]5 .

hdblUg;'tM k"j{] sft{jLo{ jw]R5of .

wg'lj{WofdEol;t'+ dx]z:oflGts] j;g\ ..%..

hdblUg Clifsf k'q -k/z'/fd_ sft{jLo{sf] jw ug{] O/fbfn] wg'lj{Bf k9\gsf nflu lzjhLsf ;fydf a:y] .

cwLodfgf+ kfj{Tof /fduLtf+ k|oTgtM .

>'Tjf u[xLTjfz'k7g\ gf/fo0f snfduft\ ..^..

kfj{tLhL /fduLtf k9\lyg\ . k/z'/fdn] Tof] ;a ;'g]/ dgdf lnP . o;f] ugf{n] g} pgn] gf/fo0f eujfg\sf] snf k|fKt u/] .

a|x\dxToflb kfkfgf+ lgis[lt+ olb jf~rlt .

/fduLtf df;dfq+ kl7Tjfd'Rot] g/M ..&..

a|x\dxTof cflb kfkaf6 d'St x'g] OR5f ug{] JolStn] Ps dlxgf;Dd nuftf/ /fduLtf k9\of] eg] p;sf ;a} kfk gi6 eP/ hfG5g\ .

)))

 

 

 

/fduLtf

 

>Ldxfb]j pjfr–

ttf] huGdÍndÍnfTdgf

ljwfo /fdfo0fsLlt{d'Qdfd\ .

rrf/ k"jf{rl/t+ /3"Qdf]

/fhlif{jo}{/le;]ljt+ oyf ..!..

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;f}ldlq0ff k[¨ pbf/a'l4gf

/fdM syfM k|fx k'/ftgLM z'efM .

/f1M k|dQ:o g[u:o zfktf]

låh:o lto{STjdyfx /f3jM ..@..

pbf/a'l4 nId0fhLn] ;f]wgL ubf{ pxfF k|frLg pQd syfx¿ ;'gfpg] ug'{x'GYof] . o;} k|;Ídf >L/3'gfyhLn] /fhf g[unfO{ k|dfbjz a|fé0fsf] ;/fkn] lto{s\ of]lg k|fKt ePsf] j[QfGt klg ;'gfpg'eof] ..@..

sbflrb]sfGt pkl:yt+ k|e'+

/fd+ /dfnflntkfbkËhd\ .

;f}ldlq/f;flbtz'4efjgM

k|0fDo eSTof ljgoflGjtf]›a|jLt\ ..#..

h;sf r/0fsdnx¿sf] ;]jf ;fIfft\ nIdLhL ug'{x'G5 To:tf eujfg\ /fd s'g} lbg PsfGtdf al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] . Toltv]/ z'4 ljrf/ ePsf nId0fhLn] pxfFsf ;dLkdf uP/ pxfFnfO{ elQmk"j{s k|0ffd u/]/ clt ljgLt efjn] eg]– ..#..

Tj+ z'4af]wf]›l; lx ;j{b]lxgf–

dfTdf:owLzf]›l; lg/fs[ltM :jod\ .

k|tLo;] 1fgb[zf+ dxfdt]

kfbfAhe[Íflxt;Í;ª\lugfd\ ..$..

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cx+ k|kÙf]›l:d kbfDa'h+ k|ef]

ejfkju{+ tj of]luefljtd\ .

oyf~h;f›1fgdkf/jfl/lw+

;'v+ tl/iofld tyfg'zflw dfd\ ..%..

x] k|ef] ¤ of]uLhg h;sf] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub{5g\, ;+;f/af6 d'lQm lbg] xh'/sf ltg} r/0fsdndf d z/0f kb{5' . xh'/n] dnfO{ d ;'udtfn] g} c1fg¿kL ckf/ ;d'b|af6 kf/ x'g kfpg] pkb]z lbg'xf];\ ..%..

>'Tjfy ;f}ldlqjrf]›lvn+ tbf

k|fx k|kÙflt{x/M k|;ÙwLM .

lj1fgd1fgtdMk|zfGto]

>'ltk|kÙ+ lIfltkfne"if0fM ..^..

>LnId0fhLsf oL jrg ;'g]/ pkb]z ;'Ùsf nflu pT;'s ePsf nId0fnfO{ z/0ffutjT;n e"kfnlz/f]dl0f eujfg\ /fd pgsf] c1fgfGwsf/sf] gfz ug{sf nflu k|;ÙlrQn] 1fgf]kb]z ug{ nfUg'eof] ..^..

>L/fdrGb| pjfr–

cfbf} :jj0ff{>djl0f{tfM lj|mofM

s[Tjf ;df;flbtz'4dfg;M .

;dfKo tTk"j{d'kfQ;fwgM

;df>o]T;b\u'?dfTdnAwo] ..&..

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lj|mof z/L/f]b\ejx]t'/fb[tf

lk|oflk|of} tf} ejtM ;'/flu0fM .

wd]{t/f} tq k'gM z/L/s+

k'gM lj|mof rj|mjbLo{t] ejM ..*..

sd{x¿nfO{ b]xfGt/sf] k|flKtsf nflu dfq :jLsf/ ul/Psf] xf], lsgeg] sd{df k|]d /fVg] k'?ifx¿af6 O¨ / clg¨ b'j} k|sf/sf lj|mof x'G5g\ . sd{af6 wd{ / cwd{ b'j}sf] k|flKt x'G5 / To;sf sf/0f z/L/ k|fKt x'G5, h;af6 km]l/ sd{ x'G5 . o;/L of] ;+;f/ rj|msf ;dfg 3'ld/xG5 ..*..

c1fgd]jf:o lx d"nsf/0f+

t4fgd]jfq ljwf} ljwLot] .

ljB}j tÙfzljwf} k6Lo;L

g sd{ tHh+ ;lj/f]wdLl/td\ ..(..

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gf1fgxflgg{ r /fu;ª\Ifof]

ej]QtM sd{ ;bf]ifd'b\ej]t\ .

ttM k'gM ;+;[lt/Kojfl/tf

t:dfb\a'wf] 1fgljrf/jfg\ ej]t\ ..!)..

sd{åf/f c1fgsf] gfz cyjf /fusf] Ifo x'g ;Qm}g, a? To;af6 csf]{ ;bf]if sd{sf] pTklQ x'G5 . o;sf/0f a'l4dfg\ dflg;n] 1fg–ljrf/d} tTk/ x'g'kb{5 ..!)..

gg' lj|mof j]bd'v]g rf]lbtf

ty}j ljBf k'?iffy{;fwgd\ .

st{Jotf k|f0fe[tM k|rf]lbtf

ljBf;xfoTjd'k}lt ;f k'gM ..!!..

sdf{s[tf} bf]ifdlk >'lth{uf}

t:dfT;bf sfo{ldb+ d'd'If'0ff .

gg' :jtGqf w|'jsfo{sfl/0fL

ljBf g lsl~rGdg;fKok]Ift] ..!@..

g ;Tosfof]{›lk lx oåbWj/M

k|sfª\Ift]›Gofglk sf/sflbsfg\ .

ty}j ljBf ljlwtM k|sflzt}M

ljlziot] sd{le/]j d'Qmo] ..!#..

s]xL ljts{jfbLx¿ eGb5g\– h;/L j]bsf] sygcg';f/ 1fg k'?iffy{sf] ;fws xf], p;}u/L sd{ j]bljlxt xf] . clg k|f0fLx¿sf nflu sd{x¿sf] cjZo–st{Jotfsf] klg ljwfg 5, o;sf/0f pgLx¿ sd{–1fgsf ;xsf/L x'g k'Ub5g\ . ;fy} >'ltn] sd{ gug'{nfO{ bf]if eg]/ atfPsf] 5, o;sf/0f d'd'If'n] ;w}F sd{ ub}{ /xg'kb{5 . 1fg :jtGq 5 Pjd\ lgáo g} cfÇgf] kmn lbg]jfnf 5 eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] p;nfO{ dgaf6 ;d]t c¿ s;}af6 ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf 5}g . To;f]eP p;sf] of] egfO 7Ls 5}g, lsgeg] h;/L j]bf]Qm o1 ;To sd{ x'g'df klg cGo sf/s cflbsf] ck]Iff ug'{ g} kb{5, p;}u/L ljlwaf6 k|sflzt sd{x¿åf/f g} 1fg d'lQmsf] ;fws x'g ;Qm5 . ctM sd{x¿sf] Tofu ug'{ plrt 5}g ..!!–!#..

s]lråbGtLlt ljts{jflbg–

:tbKo;b\b[¨lj/f]wsf/0fft\ .

b]xfledfgfblejw{t] lj|mof

ljBf utfxª\s[lttM k|l;4Ølt ..!$..

o:tf hf];'s} s'tsL{ l;4fGtLx¿ s] eGb5g\ eg] pgLx¿sf] egfOdf k|ToIf lj/f]w x'gfsf sf/0f Tof] 7Ls xf]Og, lsgeg] sd{ b]xfledfgn] x'G5 / 1fg cxËf/sf] gfz ePkl5 l;4 x'G5 ..!$..

ljz'4lj1fglj/f]rgfl~rtf

ljBfTdj[lQá/d]lt e0ot] .

pb]lt sdf{lvnsf/sflbleM

lgxlGt ljBflvnsf/sflbsd\ ..!%..

j]bfGtjfSox¿sf] ljrf/ ubf{ubf{ ljz'4 lj1fgsf] k|sfzn] pb\efl;t hf] r/d cfTdj[lQ x'G5 To;}sf] gfd ljBf cyf{t\ cfTd1fg xf] . o;afx]s sd{ ;Dk"0f{ sf/s–cflbsf] ;xfotfn] x'G5, lsGt' ljBfn] ;d:t sf/s cflbnfO{ clgToTjsf] efjgfåf/f gfz ub{5 ..!%..

t:dfŒoh]Tsfo{dz]iftM ;'wLM

ljBflj/f]wfÙ ;d'Rrof] ej]t\ .

cfTdfg';Gwfgk/fo0fM ;bf

lgj[Q;j]{lGb|oj[lQuf]r/M ..!^..

o;sf/0f ;d:t OlGb|ox¿sf ljifob]lv lgj[Q eP/ lg/Gt/ cfTd–cg';Gwfgdf nfu]sf] a'l4dfg\ k'?ifn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿nfO{ ;j{yf Tofu u/f];\ . lsgeg] ljBfsf] lj/f]wL x'gfsf sf/0f sd{sf] p;sf ;fy ;d'Rro x'g ;Qm}g ..!^..

ofjR5/L/flbif' dfoofTdwL–

:tfjlåw]of] ljlwjfbsd{0ffd\ .

g]tLlt jfSo}/lvn+ lglifWo tt\

1fTjf k/fTdfgdy Toh]lTj|mofM ..!&..

ha;Dd dfofn] df]lxt /xgfsf] sf/0f dg'iosf] z/L/flbdf cfTdefj x'G5, ta;Dd p;sf nflu j}lbs sdf{g'©fg st{Jo xf] . ‘g]lt–g]lt’ cflb jfSox¿n] ;Dk"0f{ cgfTd j:t'x¿sf] lgif]w u/]/ cfÇgf] k/dfTdf–:j¿knfO{ lrg]kl5 ca p;n] ;d:t sd{x¿nfO{ 5f]l8lbg'kb{5 ..!&..

obf k/fTdfTdlje]be]bs+

lj1fgdfTdGojeflt ef:j/d\ .

tb}j dfof k|ljnLot]›~h;f

;sf/sf sf/0fdfTd;+;[t]M ..!*..

h'g a]nf k/dfTdf / hLjfTdfsf] e]bnfO{ x6fpg] k|sfzdo lj1fg cGtMs/0fdf :k¨tof b[Zodfg x'g nfUb5, To;}a]nf cfTdfsf nflu ;+;f/–k|flKtsf] sf/0f dfof klg cgfof; g} sf/s cflb;lxt nLg eP/ hfG5 ..!*..

>'ltk|df0ffleljgflztf r ;f

sy+ eljioTolk sfo{sfl/0fL .

lj1fgdfqfbdnflåtLot–

:t:dfbljBf g k'ge{ljiolt ..!(..

>'lt–k|df0fn] To;nfO{ g¨ ul/lbPkl5 Tof] s;/L cfÇgf] sfo{ ug{df ;dy{ x'g ;Qm5 / < o;sf/0f Psdfq 1fg:j¿k lgd{n / clåtLo af]wsf] k|flKt ePkl5 km]l/ cljBf pTkÙ x'g ;Qm}g ..!(..

olb :d g¨f g k'gM k|;"ot]

stf{xd:o]lt dltM sy+ ej]t\ .

t:dfT:jtGqf g lsdKok]Ift]

ljBf ljdf]Iffo ljeflt s]jnf ..@)..

ha Psk6s g¨ ePkl5 cljBfsf] km]l/ hGd g} x'g ;Qm}g, af]wjfg\nfO{ ‘d stf{ x'F’ eÙ] a'l4 s;/L x'g ;S5 / < o;sf/0f 1fg :jtGq 5, p;nfO{ hLjgsf] df]Ifsf nflu s'g} csf]{ sdf{lbsf] ck]Iff x'Fb}g . pm cfkm" PSn} To;sf nflu ;dy{ 5 ..@)..

;f t}lQ/Lo>'lt/fx ;fb/+

Gof;+ k|z:tflvnsd{0ff+ :km'6d\ .

PtfjlbTofx r jflhgf+ >'ltM

1fg+ ljdf]Iffo g sd{ ;fwgd\ ..@!..

o;afx]s t}lQ/Lo zfvfsf] k|l;4 >'lt klg :k¨ eGb5 ls ;d:t sd{x¿sf] Tofu ug'{ g} a]; xf] . tyf ‘Ptfjt\’ OToflb jfh;g]oL zfvfsf] >'lt klg eGb5– df]Ifsf] ;fwg 1fg g} xf], sd{ xf]Og ..@!..

ljBf;dTj]g t' blz{t:Tjof

j|mt'g{ b[¨fGt pbfXtM ;dM .

kmn}M k[ySTjfb\ax'sf/s}M j|mt'M

;+;fWot] 1fgdtf] ljko{od\ ..@@..

clg ltdLn] h'g 1fgsf] ;dfgtfdf o1flbsf] b[¨fGt lbof} Tof] 7Ls 5}g, lsgeg] tL b'j}sf] kmn cnu–cnu 5 . o;afx]s o1 t xf]tf, ClTjs\, ohdfg cflb w]/} sf/sx¿n] l;4 x'G5, clg 1fg o;sf] ljk/Lt 5, cyf{t\ 1fg sf/s cflbaf6 ;fWo 5}g ..@@..

;k|Tojfof] èxldTogfTdwL–

/1k|l;4f g t' tŒjblz{gM .

t:dfb\a'w}:TofHodljlj|mofTdleM

ljwfgtM sd{ ljlwk|sflztd\ ..@#..

sd{x¿sf] Tofu ugf{n] d cjZo k|foláQ–efuL x'g]5' eÙ] cgfTda'l4 c1fgLx¿nfO{ x'g] ub{5, tŒj1fgLx¿nfO{ xf]Og . o;sf/0f ljsf//lxt lrQ ePsf af]wjfg\ k'?ifn] ljlxt sd{x¿sf] klg ljlwk"j{s Tofu ug'{kb{5 ..@#..

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u'/f]M k|;fbfblk z'4dfg;M .

lj1fo r}sfTDodyfTdhLjof]M

;'vL ej]Gd]?l/jfk|sDkgM ..@$..

clg z'4lrQ eO{ >4fk"j{s u'?sf] s[kfn] ‘tŒjdl;’ eÙ] dxfjfSoåf/f k/dfTdf / hLjfTdfsf] Pstf a'em]/ ;'d]?sf ;dfg lgán Pjd\ ;'vL xf]cf];\ ..@$..

cfbf} kbfyf{jultlx{ sf/0f+

jfSofy{lj1fgljwf} ljwfgtM .

tŒjDkbfyf}{ k/dfTdhLjsf–

j;Llt r}sfTDodyfgof]e{j]t\ ..@%..

k|To]s jfSosf] cy{ a'‰gsf nflu klxn] p;sf kbx¿sf cy{sf] 1fg g} sf/0f xf] eÙ] lgod g} 5 . o; ‘tŒjdl;’ dxfjfSosf] ‘tt\’ / ‘Tjd\’ kb j|mdn] k/dfTdf / hLjfTdfsf] jfrs xf] . clg ‘cl;’n] oL b'j}nfO{ hf]8\b5 ..@%..

k|ToSk/f]Ifflblj/f]wdfTdgf]M

ljxfo ;ª\u[è tof]lábfTdtfd\ .

;+zf]lwtf+ nIf0fof r nlIftf+

1fTjf :jdfTdfgdyfåof] ej]t\ ..@^..

oL b'j} -hLjfTdf / k/dfTdf_df hLjfTdf k|Tos\ -cGtMs/0fsf] ;fIfL_ xf] / k/dfTdf k/f]If -OlGb|oftLt_ xf] . o; -jfRofy{¿k_ lj/f]wnfO{ 5f8]/ / nIf0ffj[lQn] nlIft ltgLx¿sf] z'4 r]tgtfnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ To;}nfO{ cfÇgf] cfTdf eg]/ hfÙ" / o;/L PsLefjn] l:yt x'g" ..@^..

PsfTdsTjfHhxtL g ;Dej]t\

tyf›hxNnIf0ftf lj/f]wtM .

;f]›oDkbfyf{ljj efunIf0ff

o'Ho]t tŒjDkbof]/bf]iftM ..@&..

oL ‘tt\’ / ‘Tjd\’ kbx¿df Ps¿k x'g'sf] sf/0f hxtLnIf0ff x'g ;Qm}g / k/:k/ lj?4 x'g'sf] sf/0f chxNnIf0ff klg x'g ;Qm}g . o;sf/0f ‘;f]›od\’ -of] pxL xf]_ kbx¿sf cy{sf em}F oL tt\ / Tjd\ kbx¿df klg efuTofunIf0ff g} lgbf]{iftfn] x'g ;Qm5 . .@&..

-zAbsf] jfRofy{ cyf{t\ d"n cy{ 5fl8of] / gofF cy{ klj|mOof] eg] nIf0ff cy{ x'G5 . h:tf] sDd/ s;]/ nfUg' eÙfn] ;fFRr} sDd/df k6'sf jf 8f]/Ln] s;]/ s'g} sfd ug'{ eÙ] geP/ b[9tfk"j{s nfUg' eÙ] x'G5 . of] nIf0ff xf] . chxtLnIf0ff eÙfn] Tof] nIf0ff xf] h;df zAbsf] jfRofy{nfO{ k"/} Tofu gu/]/ cGo cy{ klg u|x0f ul/G5 . h:tf] M s;}n] lha|f] 6f]Sof] eGbf d¥of] eÙ] cy{ nfUg' . hxNnIf0ff M clewfut cy{nfO{ Tofu]/ clek|]t jf nlIft cy{ a'emfpg] nIf0ff eÙ] x'G5 . h:tf] M efp csfl:;of] . efuTofunIf0ffM zAbsf] jfRofy{sf] s]xL c+z lng] / s]xL 5f8\g] nIf0ff efuTofunIf0ff jf hxTohxtLnIf0ff xf] ._

/;flbk~rLs[te"t;Dej+

ef]ufno+ b'Mv;'vflbsd{0ffd\ .

z/L/dfBGtjbflbsd{h+

dfofdo+ :y"nd'kflwdfTdgM ..@*..

;"Id+ dgf]a'l4bz]lGb|o}o{'t+

k|f0f}/k~rLs[te"t;Dejd\ .

ef]Qm'M ;'vfb]/g';fwg+ ej]t\

z/L/dGolåb'/fTdgf] a'wfM ..@(..

k[lyjL cflb k~rLs[t e"tx¿af6 pTkÙ ePsf, ;'vb'Mvflb sd{–ef]ux¿sf] cf>o / k"jf]{kflh{t sd{kmnaf6 k|fKt x'g] o; dfofdo cflb–cGtjfg\ z/L/nfO{ lj1hgx¿ cfTdfsf] :y"n pkflw dfGb5g\ . clg dg, a'l4, b; OlGb|ox¿ tyf kfFr k|f0f oL ;q cÍx¿n] o'Qm / ck~rLs[t e"tx¿n] pTkÙ ePsf] ;"Id z/L/ -ef]Qmfsf ;'vb'Mv cflb cg'ejx¿sf] ;fwg_ nfO{ cfTdfsf] csf]{ b]x dfGb5g\ ..@*–@(..

cgfBlgjf{RodkLx sf/0f+

dfofk|wfg+ t' k/+ z/L/sd\ .

pkflwe]bfQ' otM k[ys\ l:yt+

:jfTdfgdfTdGojwf/o]Tj|mdft\ ..#)..

oLafx]s cgflb / clgjf{Ro dfofdo sf/0f–z/L/ g} hLjsf] t];|f] b]x xf] . o;/L pkflwe]bb]lv ;j{yf k[ys\ /x]sf] cfÇgf] cfTd:j¿knfO{ j|mdzM -pkflwx¿nfO{ afwf ub}{_ cfÇgf] Xbodf lgáo ug"{ ..#)..

sf]z]ijo+ t]if' t' tQbfs[ltM

ljeflt ;Íft\ :kml6sf]knf] oyf .

c;Í¿kf]›odhf] otf]›åof]

lj1fot]›l:dg\ kl/tf] ljrfl/t] ..#!..

:kml6sdl0fsf ;dfg of] cfTdf klg cÙdoflb leÙleÙ sf]zx¿df ltgLx¿sf] ;Ín] ltg}sf cfsf/sf] b]lvG5 . t/ o;nfO{ /fd|/L ljrf/ ul/of] eg] of] clåtLo x'gfsf sf/0fn] c;Í¿k / chGdf xf] eg]/ lglát ug{ ;lsG5 .

a'4]l:qwf j[lQ/kLx b[Zot]

:jKgflbe]b]g u'0fqofTdgM .

cGof]Gotf]›l:dg\ Jolerf/tf] d[iff

lgTo] k/] a|él0f s]jn] lzj] ..#@..

lqu'0fflTdsf a'l4sf klg :jKg, hfu|t\ / ;'if'lKt cflb e]bn] tLg k|sf/sf j[lQ b]lvG5g\ t/ oL tLg} j[lQx¿dWo] k|To]ssf] Ps–csf{l;t Jolerf/ -e|d_ x'gfsf sf/0f oL tLg} Psdfq sNof0f¿k lgTo k/a|édf ldYof 5g\ cyf{t\ To;df oL j[lQx¿sf] ;j{yf cefj x'G5 ..#@..

b]x]lGb|ok|f0fdglábfTdgf+

;Îfbh;|+ kl/jt{t] lwoM .

j[lQ:tdf]d"ntof1nIf0ff

ofjb\ej]Qfjb;f} ejf]b\ejM ..##..

a'l4sf] j[lQ g} b]x, OlGb|o, k|f0f, dg / r]tg cfTdfsf] ;Îft-6Ss/_¿kn] lg/Gt/ kl/jlt{t eO/xG5 . of] j[lQ tdf]u'0faf6 pTkÙ x'g] ePsfn] c1fg¿kL 5, clg ha;Dd a'l4 /xG5 ta;Dd g} ;+;f/df hGd eO/xG5 ..##..

g]ltk|df0f]g lg/fs[tflvnf]

Xbf ;df:jflbtlr4gfd[tM .

Toh]bz]if+ hubfQ;b|;+

kLTjf oyfDeM k|hxflt tTkmnd\ ..#$..

‘g]lt–g]lt’ cflb >'ltk|df0fn] ;d:t ;+;f/nfO{ afFw]/ / Xbodf lrt\–3gfd[tsf] cf:jfbg u/]/, ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ To;sf] ;f/¿k ;t\ -a|é_ nfO{ u|x0f u/]kl5 Toflub]pm h;/L gl/jnsf] kfgL lkPkl5 dfG5]x¿n] Tof] gl/jn kmflnlbG5g\ ..#$..

sbflrbfTdf g d[tf] g hfot]

g IfLot] gflk ljjw{t]›gjM .

lg/:t;jf{ltzoM ;'vfTdsM

:joDk|eM ;j{utf]›odåoM ..#%..

cfTdf g slxNo} db{5, g hGdG5, cfTdf g slxNo} IfL0f x'G5 g t Tof] a9\b5 . Tof] k'/ftg, ;Dk"0f{ ljz]if0fx¿n] /lxt, ;'v:j¿k, :jod\k|sfz, ;j{ut / clåtLo 5 ..#%..

Pj+ljw] 1fgdo] ;'vfTds]

sy+ ejf] b'MvdoM k|tLot] .

c1fgtf]›Wof;jzfTk|sfzt]

1fg] ljnLo]t lj/f]wtM If0fft\ ..#^..

hf] 1fgdo / ;'v:j¿k 5, p;df 1fg ePkl5 of] b'Mvdo ;+;f/ s;/L k|tLt x'g ;S5 / < of] t cWof; -e|d jf e'm6f] 1fg_ sf sf/0f c1fgn] dfq k|tLt x'G5, 1fgn] t of] Ps If0fd} nLg eP/ hfG5, lsgeg] 1fg / c1fgsf] k/:k/ lj/f]w x'G5 ..#^..

obGobGoq ljefJot] e|df–

bWof;ldTofx'/d'+ ljklátM .

c;k{e"t]›lxljefjg+ oyf

/HHjflbs] tåbkLà/] hut\ ..#&..

e|dn] hf] Psdf csf{sf] k|tLlt x'G5, To;}nfO{ ljåfg\x¿n] cWof; eg]sf 5g\ . h;/L c;k{¿k 8f]/Ldf ;k{sf] k|tLlt x'G5, To;}u/L O{à/df ;+;f/sf] k|tLlt eO/x]sf] 5 ..#&..

ljsNkdfof/lxt] lrbfTds]–

›xËf/ Pif k|ydM k|slNktM .

cWof; PjfTdlg ;j{sf/0f]

lg/fdo] a|él0f s]jn] k/] ..#*..

hf] ljsNk / dfofn] /lxt 5, Tof] ;a}sf] sf/0f lg/fdo, clåtLo / lrt\:j¿k k/dfTdf a|édf klxn] of] ‘cxËf/’ ¿k cWof;s} sNkgf x'G5 ..#*..

OR5flb/fuflb;'vflbwld{sfM

;bf lwoM ;+;[ltx]tjM k/] .

o:dfTk|;'Ktf} tbefjtM k/M

;'v:j¿k]0f ljefJot] lx gM ..#(..

;a}sf ;fIfL cfTdfdf OR5f, clgR5f, /fuå]if / ;'vb'Mvflb¿k a'l4sf j[lQx¿ g} hGd–d/0f¿k ;+;f/sf sf/0f x'g\, lsgeg] ;'if'lKtdf o;sf] cefj x'g] ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ cfTdfsf] ;'v–¿kn] efg x'G5 ..#(..

cgfBljBf]b\eja'l4lalDatf]

hLjM k|sfzf]›oldtLo{t] lrtM .

cfTdf lwoM ;flIftof k[ys\ l:ytf]

a'4Øfkl/lR5Ùk/M ; Pj lx ..$)..

cgflb cljBfaf6 pTkÙ ePsf] a'l4df k|ltlalDat x'g] r]tgsf] k|sfznfO{ g} ‘hLj’ elgG5 . a'l4sf] ;fIfL¿kn] /xg] cfTdf To;af6 k[ys\ 5, Tof] k/fTdf t a'l4n] ckl/lR5Ù cyf{t\ ce]B 5 ..$)..

lrb\laDa;fIofTdlwof+ k|;Ít–

:Tj]sq jf;fbgnfQmnf]xjt\ .

cGof]GodWof;jzfTk|tLot]

h8fh8Tj+ r lrbfTdr]t;f]M ..$!..

clUgdf tft]sf] kmnfdsf ;dfg lrbfef;, ;fIfL cfTdf tyf a'l4 Psq /x]/ k/:k/ cGof]GofWof; x'g] ePsfn] j|mdzM ltgLx¿sf] r]tgtf / h8tf k|tLt x'G5, cyf{t\ h;/L clUgdf ttfOPsf] kmnfddf clUg / / kmnfd tfbfTDo x'gfn] kmnfdsf] cfsf/ clUgdf / clUgsf] pi0ftf kmnfddf b]lvg yfNb5, p;}u/L a'l4 / cfTdfsf] tfbfTDo x'g hfgfn] cfTdfsf] r]tgtf a'l4 cflbdf / a'l4 cflbsf] h8tf cfTdfdf k|tLt x'g nfUb5 . o;sf/0f cWof;jz a'l4b]lv lnP/ z/L/ko{Gt cgfTd j:t'x¿nfO{ g} cfTdf dfÙ nfUb5 .

u'/f]M ;sfzfblk j]bjfSotM .

;~hftljBfg'ejf] lg/LIo td\ .

:jfTdfgdfTd:yd'kflwjlh{t+

Toh]bz]if+ h8dfTduf]r/d\ ..$@..

u'?sf] ;dLkdf /xgfn] clg j]bjfSox¿n] cfTd1fgsf] cg'ej eP kl5 cfÇgf] Xbo:y pkflw/lxt cfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ u/]/ cfTdf¿kn] k|tLt x'g] b]xflb ;Dk"0f{ h8 kbfy{x¿sf] Tofu ug'{kb{5 ..$@..

k|sfz¿kf]›xdhf]›xdåof]–

›;s[låeftf]›xdtLj lgd{nM .

ljz'4 lj1fg3gf] lg/fdoM

;Dk"0f{ cfgGbdof]›xdlj|moM ..$#..

d k|sfz¿k, chGdf, cb\ljtLo, lg/Gt/ b[Zodfg, cToGt lgd{n, ljz'4 lj1fg3g, lg/fdo, lj|mof/lxt / Psdfq cfgGb:j¿k xF' ..$#..

;b}j d'Qmf]›xdlrGTozlQmdfg\

ctLlGb|o1fgdljlj|mofTdsM .

cgGtkf/f]›xdxlg{z+ a'w}M

ljefljtf]›x+ Xlb j]bjflbleM ..$$..

d ;w}F d'Qm, clrGTozlQm, ctLlGb|o, cljs[t¿k / cgGtkf/ x'F . j]bjfbL kl08thg /ftf]lbg d]/f] Xbosf] lrGtg ub{5g\ ..$$..

Pj+ ;bfTdfgdvl08tfTdgf

ljrf/df0f:o ljz'4efjgf .

xGofbljBfdlr/]0f sf/s}

/;fog+ oåb'kfl;t+ ?hM ..$%..

o;/L ;bf cfTdfsf] cv08–j[lQn] lrGtg ug]{ k'?ifsf] cGt:s/0fdf pTkÙ ePsf] ljz'4 efjgfn] t'?Gt} sf/s cflb;lxt cljBfsf] gfz ub{5, h;/L lgodfg';f/ ;]jg ul/Psf] cf}iflwn] /f]unfO{ g¨ u/]/ 5f8\b5 ..$%..

ljljQm cf;Lg pkf/t]lGb|of]

ljlglh{tfTdf ljdnfGt/fzoM .

ljefjo]b]sdgGo;fwgf]

lj1fgb[Ss]jn cfTd;+l:ytM ..$^..

cfTdlrGtg ug]{ k'?ifn] PsfGtb]zdf OlGb|ox¿nfO{ ltgsf ljifob]lv x6fP/ clg cGtMs/0fnfO{ cfÇgf] cwLgdf /fv]/ a:g'kb{5 / cfTdfdf l:yt eP/ c¿ s'g} ;fwgsf] cf>o glnO{sg z'4lrQ eO{ s]jn 1fgb[l¨åf/f Ps cfTdfsf] efjgf ug'{kb{5 .

ljà+ ob]tTk/dfTdbz{g+

ljnfko]bfTdlg ;j{sf/0f] .

k"0f{lábfgGbdof]›jlt©t]

g j]b afè+ g r lsl~rbfGt/d\ ..$&..

of] ljà k/dfTd:j¿k xf] eÙ] ;Dem]/ o;nfO{ ;a}sf sf/0f¿k cfTdfdf nLg ug"{, o;/L hf] k"0f{ lrbfgGb:j¿kn] l:yt x'G5, p;nfO{ afè cyjf cfGtl/s s'g} klg j:t'sf] 1fg /xFb}g ..$&..

k"j{+ ;dfw]/lvn+ ljlrGto]–

bf]Ëf/dfq+ ;r/fr/+ hut\ .

tb]j jfRo+ k|0fjf] lx jfrsf]

ljefJot]›1fgjzfÙ af]wtM ..$*..

;dflw k|fKt x'g'k"j{ o:tf] lrGtg u/f];\ ls ;Dk"0f{ r/fr/ hut\ s]jn çsf/dfq 5 . o;f] ;+;f/ jfRo xf], / çsf/ o;sf] jfrs xf] . c1fgsf] sf/0f g} ;+;f/sf] k|tLlt x'G5, 1fg ePkl5 o;sf] s]xL klg /xFb}g ..$*..

csf/;~1M k'?iff] lx ljàsf]

è'sf/s:t}h; O{o{t] j|mdft\ .

k|f1f] dsf/M kl/k7Øt]›lvn}M

;dflwk"j{+ g t' tŒjtf] ej]t\ ..$(..

çsf/df c p / d oL tLg j0f{ x'G5g\ . logLx¿dWo] klg csf/ ljà -hfu[ltsf] cledfgL_ sf] jfrs xf], psf/ t}h; -:kKgsf] cledfgL_ elgG5 / dsf/ k|f1 -;'if'lKtsf] cledfgL_ nfO{ elgG5 . of] Joj:yf ;dflwnfeeGbf klxn]s} xf], tŒjb[l¨n] o:tf] s'g} e]b 5}g ..$(..

ljà+ Tjsf/+ k'?if+ ljnfko]–

b'sf/dWo] ax'wf Jojl:ytd\ .              

ttf] dsf/] k|ljnfKo t}h;+

låtLoj0f{+ k|0fj:o rflGtd] ..%)..

gfgf k|sf/n] l:yt csf/¿kn] ljàk'?ifnfO{ çsf/df nLg ug"{ clg çsf/sf] låtLo j0f{ t}h;¿k psf/nfO{ p;sf] clGtd j0f{ dsf/df nLg ug"{ .

dsf/dKofTdlg lr4g] k/]

ljnfko]b\k|f1dkLx sf/0fd\ .

;f]›x+ k/+ a|é ;bf ljd'lQmd–

lå1fgb[ª\d'Qm pkflwtf]›dnM ..%!..

clg km]l/ sf/0ffTdf k|f1¿k dsf/nfO{ klg lrt\–3g¿k k/dfTdfdf nLg ug"{ . clg o:tf] efjgf ug"{ ls Tof] lgTod'Qm lj1fg:j¿k pkflwxLg lgd{n k/a|é d g} x'F ..%!..

Pj+ ;bf hftk/fTdefjgM

:jfgGbt'¨M kl/lj:d[tflvnM .

cf:t] ; lgTofTd;'vk|sfzsM

;fIfflåd'Qmf]›rnjfl/l;Gw'jt\ ..%@..

o; k|sf/n] lg/Gt/ k/fTdefjgf ub}{ub}{ hf] cfTdfgGbdf dUg ePsf] 5 tyf h;sf ;Dk"0f{ b[Zo k|k~r lj:d[t ePsf 5, Tof] lgTo cfTdfgGbsf] cg'ej ug]{ hLjgd'Qm of]uL lg:t/Í ;d'b|em}F ;fIfft\ d'Qm:j¿k x'g hfG5 ..%@..

Pj+ ;bfEo:t;dflwof]lugf]

lgj[Q;j]{lGb|ouf]r/:o lx .

ljlglh{tfz]ifl/kf]/x+ ;bf

b[Zof] ej]o+ lhtif8\u'0ffTdgM ..%#..

o;k|sf/ hf] lg/Gt/ ;dflwof]usf] cEof; ub{5, h;sf ;Dk"0f{ OlGb|ouf]r/ ljifox¿ lgj[Q ePsf 5g\ tyf h;n] sfd–j|mf]wflb ;Dk"0f{ zq'x¿nfO{ k/f:t ul/lbPsf]5, 5j6} OlGb|o -dg / kfFr 1fg]lGb|ox¿_nfO{ lhTg ;Ifd To; dxfTdfnfO{ d]/f] lg/Gt/ ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 ..%#..

WofTj}jdfTdfgdxlg{z+ d'lg–

l:t©]T;bf d'Qm;d:taGwgM .

k|f/AwdZgÙledfgjlh{tf]

døo]j ;fIffTk|ljnLot] ttM ..%$..

o;/L /ftf]lbg cfTdfs} lrGtg ul//xg] d'lg ;j{bf ;d:t aGwx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ /xf];\, tyf stf{–ef]Qmfkgsf] cledfgnfO{ 5f8]/ k|f/Awkmn ef]lu/xf];\ . o;af6 pm cGTodf ;fIfft\ d}df nLg eP/ hfG5 ..%$..

cfbf} r dWo] r ty}j rfGttf]

ej+ ljlbTjf eozf]ssf/0fd\ .

lxTjf ;d:t+ ljlwjfbrf]lbt+

eh]T:jdfTdfgdyflvnfTdgfd\ ..%%..

;+;f/nfO{ cflb, cGTo / dWodf ;a} k|sf/sf eo / zf]ssf] sf/0f x'g\ eÙ] a'em]/ ;d:t j]bljlxt sd{x¿nfO{ Toflub]cf];\ tyf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] cGt/fTdf¿k cfÇgf] cfTdfsf] ehg u/f];\ ..%%..

cfTdGoe]b]g ljefjolÙb+

ejToe]b]g dofTdgf tbf .

oyf hn+ jfl/lgwf} oyf koM

IfL/] ljob\Jof]DGolgn] oyflgnM ..%^..

h;/L ;d'b|df hn, b"wdf b"w, dxfsfzdf 36fsfz cflb / jfo'df jfo' ldn]/ Ps x'G5g\, p;}u/L o; ;Dk"0f{ k|k~rnfO{ cfÇgf] cfTdfsf ;fy cleÙ¿kn] lrGtg ugf{n] hLj d k/dfTdfsf ;fy cleÙ efjn] l:yt x'G5 ..%^..

OTy+ obLIf]t lx nf]s;+l:ytf]

huGd[if}j]lt ljefjoGd'lgM .

lg/fs[tTjfR5\?lto'lQmdfgtf]

oy]Gb'e]bf] lblz lbUe|dfboM ..%&..

of] h'g hut\ 5, of] >'lt, o'lQm / k|df0fn] afFlwPsf] x'gfn] rGb|e]b / lbzfx¿df x'g] lbUe|dsf ;dfg ldYof g} 5 eÙ] efjgf ub}{ nf]sJojxf/df l:yt d'lg, o;nfO{ x]/ ..%&..

ofjÙ kZo]blvn+ dbfTds+

tfjGdbf/fwgtTk/f] ej]t\ .

>4fn'/To"lh{telQmnIf0ff]

o:t:o b[Zof]›xdxlg{z+ Xlb ..%*..

ha;Dd ;f/f ;+;f/ d]/} ¿k b]lvFb}g ta;Dd lg/Gt/ d]/} ;fwgf ul//xg" . hf] >4fn' / pTs6 eQm x'G5, p;nfO{ cfÇgf] Xbodf ;j{bf d]/} ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 ..%*..

/x:od]tR5\?lt;f/;ª\u|x+

dof ljlgláTo tjf]lbt+ lk|o .

o:Tj]tbfnf]rotLx a'l4dfg\

; d'Rot] kfts/flzleM If0fft\ ..%(..

x] lk|o ¤ ;Dk"0f{ >'ltx¿sf] ;f/¿k of] u'Kt /x:onfO{ d}n] lgáo u/]/ ltdLnfO{ eg]sf] 5' . hf] a'l4dfg\ dflg;n] o;nfO{ dgg unf{ pm tTsfn ;d:t kfkx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ hfnf ..%(..

e|fto{bLb+ kl/b[Zot] hu–

Gdfo}j ;j{+ kl/XTo r]t;f .

db\efjgfefljtz'4dfg;M

;'vL ejfgGbdof] lg/fdoM ..^)..

efO ¤ of] h]–hlt hut\ b]lvG5, of] ;a} dfof xf] . o;nfO{ cfÇgf] lrQaf6 lgsfn]/ d]/f] efjgfn] z'4lrQ / ;'vL eP/ cfgGbk"0f{ / Sn]zz"Go xf]pm ..^)..

oM ;]jt] dfdu'0f+ u'0ffTk/+

Xbf sbf jf olb jf u'0ffTdsd\ .

;f]›x+ :jkfbfl~rt/]0f'leM :k[zg\

k'gflt nf]slqto+ oyf /ljM ..^!..

h'g JolQmn] cfÇgf] lrQaf6 u'0fftLt lgu'{0f d]/f] cyjf slxn]sfxLF d]/f] ;u'0f :j¿ksf] klg ;]jg ub{5, Tof] d]/} ¿k xf] . To;n] cfÇgf] r/0f/hsf] :kz{n] ;"o{n] em}F ;Dk"0f{ lqnf]sLnfO{ kljq ul/lbG5 ..^!..

lj1fgd]tblvn+ >'lt;f/d]s+

j]bfGtj]Br/0f]g do}j uLtd\ .

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db|"kd]lt olb dårg]if' elQmM ..^@..

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